Macro Final Exam

Delegation, time management, and asking for help illustrate ________ reactions to stress.

Problem solving

In the context of work groups and teams, relationship and ________ conflict tend to be detrimental to member satisfaction and team performance.

Process

Stanley accused his secretary of being lazy, even though it is he who is lazy. Stanley used the defence mechanism of ________.

Projection

The province of ________ has established a voluntary certification program for work-life balance.

Quebec

Timothy was very scared that he would be laid off due to the recession, but he went around the office acting happy and relaxed. This "false front" is an example of ________.

Reaction information

Tanya is a nurse who has been stealing medical supplies from the hospital where she works. To cope with the stress provoked by her guilt, she tells herself that "all the nurses steal supplies." In fact, they don't. Tanya is exhibiting A) projection. B) compensation. C) rationalization D) displacement. E) reaction formation.

A

What occupations tend to provoke the most work-family conflict? A) Police detectives, firefighters, and family doctors B) Police detectives, insurance adjusters, and taxi drivers C) Firefighters, insurance adjusters, and taxi drivers D) Family doctors, insurance adjusters, and tellers E) Family doctors, police detectives, and taxi drivers.

A

When the goals of one's job or the methods of performing it are unclear to an employee, ________ exists. A) role ambiguity B) role overload C) role conflict D) a boundary role E) job insecurity

A

Which aspect of the Type A behaviour pattern is most responsible for adverse physiological reactions that lead to heart disease? A) Hostility B) Impatience C) Work involvement D) Competitiveness E) Persistence

A

Which of the following are examples of challenge stressors? A) Heavy workload and responsibility B) Heavy workload and role ambiguity C) Heavy workload and interpersonal conflict D) Role ambiguity and interpersonal conflict E) Responsibility and interpersonal conflict

A

Which of the following is an example of bullying? A) Martin's co-workers are always teasing and criticizing him. B) One of Martin's co-workers stole his lunch and nobody would admit to it. C) Martin's boss was upset about a mistake he made and called him an idiot. D) Martin arrived at work one day to find that his tools were missing. E) One of Martin's co-workers punched him in the face.

A

The ability to rely on others can serve as a buffer against stress. This illustrates the role of ________ in coping with stress.

Social support

Victims of bullying and mobbing experience ________ because they feel powerless to deal with the perpetrator(s).

Stress

Personality can affect the extent to which potential stressors are perceived as stressful and the types of ________ that occur.

Stress reactions

Conditions or environmental events that have the potential to induce stress are ________.

Stressors

Some ________ can cause both absenteeism and presenteeism.

Stressors

Paula resolved the conflict between her employees by giving them a very attractive assignment that neither could accomplish on his own. Paula used a(n) ________ to resolve the conflict.

Superordinate goal

Different approaches to managing conflict are a function of A) aggressiveness and cooperativeness. B) assertiveness and cooperativeness. C) assertiveness and communication. D) aggressiveness and communication. E) assertiveness and aggressiveness.

B

Distributive negotiation occurs on the axis between A) competition and collaboration. B) competition and accommodation. C) collaboration and accommodation. D) competition and avoiding. E) collaboration and compromise.

B

Environmental events or conditions that have the potential to induce stress are called A) stress reactions. B) stressors. C) anxiety episodes. D) burnout. E) defence mechanisms.

B

People with strong social networks experience less stress and cope with stress better than those with weaker social networks.

True

Professionals may experience stress because their profession and their employing organization make incompatible demands.

True

Role ambiguity is an example of an hindrance stressor.

True

Role overload is often a source of stress for executives.

True

Similar factors provoke stress and lead to similar reactions around the globe.

True

Some stressors can cause both absenteeism and presenteeism.

True

Stress but not stressors frequently cause reduced job performance.

True

Stress is intrinsically bad.

True

Superordinate goals require collaboration for their achievement.

True

The abuse from cyberbullying can extend into the non-work domain.

True

The content of some cyberbullying constitutes sexual harassment.

True

The key component of Type A behaviour that contributes to physiological problems is hostility and repressed anger.

True

The province of Quebec has established a voluntary certification program for work-life balance.

True

The stress model presented in the text is only relevant in certain cultures.

True

Too much work is a good example of role overload.

True

Vigour and dedication position engagement as the opposite of burnout.

True

Women are more likely to report emotional exhaustion and men are more likely to report depersonalization.

True

Working with clients who have severe emotional or physical problems is a prime cause of burnout.

True

People who exhibit the ________ tend to be aggressive, ambitious, impatient, competitive, and preoccupied with their work.

Type A

A national Canadian survey determined that work-family conflict results in decreased ________ and increased absenteeism.

Work performance

A national Canadian survey determined that ________ results in decreased work performance and increased absenteeism.

Work-Family conflict

The province of Quebec has established a voluntary certification program for ________.

Work-life balance

In conventional arbitration A) each party makes a final offer. B) the arbitrator can choose any outcome. C) each party meets separately with the arbitrator to choose an outcome. D) the arbitrator and parties choose an outcome together. E) the parties choose the outcome together and then present it to the arbitrator.

B

In everyday language, role overload refers to A) competing role demands. B) too much work. C) a boundary role. D) lack of authority. E) ambiguous role demands.

B

In order to stimulate conflict, a manager might A) stop networking. B) make resources scarcer. C) assign a superordinate goal. D) ignore controversy. E) clarify goals.

B

Karen has a new job and she never stops complaining about the demanding workload and how stressed she feels about it. What kind of personality does Taren have? A) Low self-esteem B) Internal locus of control C) External locus of control D) High negative affectivity E) Type A behaviour pattern

D

One of the most commonly arbitrated disputes between employers and employees is A) dismissal for theft. B) dismissal for tardiness. C) dismissal for conflict. D) dismissal for excessive absenteeism. E) dismissal for excessive lateness.

D

People high in negative affectivity are particularly likely to feel stressed in response to the demands of A) work-family conflict. B) poor physical working conditions. C) poor job design. D) a heavy workload. E) interpersonal conflict.

D

Role overload is a potential example of A) stress. B) role ambiguity. C) a stress reaction. D) a stressor. E) burnout.

D

In some cases, cyberbullying is ________ in that it consists of harassing messages sent directly to the target of abuse.

Direct

Susan was angry at her boss but afraid he would fire her. She yelled at her subordinate. This illustrates the defence mechanism of ________.

Displacement

A study on salary negotiations found that new hires who negotiated received a A) $1,000 salary premium. B) $2,000 salary premium. C) $3,000 salary premium. D) $4,000 salary premium. E) $5,000 salary premium.

E

According to a study conducted by the American Psychological Association, work was reported to be a potent source of stress, edging out ________ and ________. A) health; finances B) health; changing jobs C) finances; changing jobs D) finances; death of a loved one E) health; relationships

E

According to the job demands-resources model, the work environment can be described in terms of demands and resources. Which of the following examples would NOT qualify as job demands? A) Work overload B) Time pressure C) Role ambiguity D) Role conflict E) Social relations

E

According to the job demands-resources model, the work environment can be described in terms of demands and resources. Which of the following features would NOT be considered a job demand? A) Physical feature B) Social feature C) Psychological feature D) Organizational feature E) Academic feature

E

All of the following are examples of job resources EXCEPT A) compensation. B) career advancement opportunities. C) skill training. D) performance feedback. E) role ambiguity.

E

Burnout is a form of stress particularly associated with A) working in isolation from others. B) Type A behaviour. C) Type B behaviour. D) poor job design. E) boundary role occupancy.

E

Disagreements about the nature of the work to be done are called A) relationship conflicts. B) work conflicts. C) process conflicts. D) organization conflicts. E) task conflicts.

E

How can personality influence the stress experience? A) It can affect the extent to which stressors are perceived as stressful. B) It can affect the types of stress reactions that occur. C) It can affect the extent to which stress reactions are effective. D) It can affect the extent to which stressors are perceived as stressful and the extent to which stress reactions are effective. E) It can affect the extent to which stressors are perceived as stressful and the types of stress reactions that occur.

E

Jack has so much work to do that he doesn't even know where to begin. We can be sure that Jack A) is experiencing role ambiguity. B) is a boundary role occupant. C) has a Type A personality. D) is experiencing burnout. E) is encountering role overload.

E

What dimensions of work engagement position engagement as the opposite of burnout? A) Vigour and absorption B) Absorption and vigour C) Absorption and dedication D) Absorption, vigour, and dedication E) Vigour and dedication

E

What province has established a voluntary certification program for work-life balance? A) Ontario B) Alberta C) British Columbia D) New Brunswick E) Quebec

E

Which of the following are integrative negotiation tactics? A) Copious information exchange B) Cutting costs C) Increasing resources D) Framing differences as opportunities E) All of the above

E

Which of the following can cause presenteeism? A) high job demands and work-family conflict B) work-family conflict and job insecurity C) job insecurity and change D) high job demands and job insecurity E) high job demands and time pressure

E

Which of the following is NOT a distributive negotiation tactic? A) Threats B) Concessions C) Promises D) Verbal persuasion E) Cutting costs

E

Which of the following is a common health problem connected to presenteeism? A) alcoholism B) workaholism C) smoking D) cardiovascular problems E) depression

E

Which of the following is a critical factor associated with intergroup bias? A) Locus of control B) Negative affectivity C) Type A behaviour D) Type B behaviour E) Self-esteem

E

Which of the following statements concerning defence mechanisms is FALSE? A) Used occasionally to temporarily reduce anxiety, they appear to be a useful reaction. B) When the use of defense mechanisms becomes a chronic reaction to stress, individuals may not be able to accurately assess the true reason for their anxiety. C) Individuals who do not use defense mechanisms may be incapacitated by anxiety and resort to dysfunctional withdrawal or addiction. D) Stress might increase with the knowledge that a defense mechanism has been ineffective. E) Defence mechanisms actually confront the stressor directly.

E

People who are highly ________ in their work have been shown to have elevated work to family conflict.

Engaged

The textbook states that organizations should be striving to foster exactly the opposite of burnout, which is extreme ________ and enthusiasm for the job.

Engagement

People high in negative affectivity are particularly likely to feel stressed in response to the demands of a ________.

Heavy workload

________ stressors directly damage goal attainment.

Hindrance

The key factors in the Type A behaviour pattern that contributes to adverse physiological reactions are ________ and repressed anger.

Hostility

Role overload and heavy responsibility can be particular stressors for ________ personnel.

Managerial

Research has shown that negative behaviour can trickle-down from ________ to supervisors to workers, creating a climate of abuse.

Managers

________ occurs when a number of coworkers "gang up" on a particular employee.

Mobbing

Cyberbullying can be direct or indirect.

True

Cyberbullying involves bullying via email, social network platforms, or blogs.

True

Defence mechanisms concentrate on anxiety reduction rather than on actually confronting or dealing with the stressor.

True

Depression is a common health problem connected to presenteeism.

True

Distributive and integrative negotiations can take place simultaneously.

True

Distributive negotiation assumes a zero-sum, win-lose situation in which a fixed pie is divided up between the parties.

True

Externals are more prone to simple anxiety-reduction strategies that only work in the short run.

True

High job demands and time pressure have been associated with presenteeism.

True

Hindrance stressors directly damage goal attainment.

True

In trying to cope with a stressful situation at work, Chad smiles and acts relaxed in spite of inner tension. This an example of reaction formation.

True

Integrative negotiation requires a degree of creativity.

True

Job scope can be a stressor at levels that are either too low or too high.

True

Managers have often been identified as bullies by subordinates.

True

Many burnout-prone jobs involve the performance of a boundary role.

True

More conscientious employees seem to handle the tension between work and family better than others.

True

Negative behaviour can trickle down from managers to supervisors to workers.

True

Not all conflict is detrimental.

True

Attending work when ill is called ________.

Presenteeism

Bullying and harassment are related to ________.

Presenteeism

Depression is a common health problem connected to ________.

Presenteeism

High job demands and time pressure have been associated with ________.

Presenteeism

Occasionally, some degree of task conflict is actually beneficial for team performance.

True

________ stressors can damage performance, but they sometimes stimulate it via added motivation.

Challenge

Integrative negotiation occurs on the axis between A) avoiding and accommodating. B) avoiding and competing. C) avoiding and compromise. D) avoiding and collaborating. E) competition and accommodating.

D

Mobbing occurs when a manager repeatedly intimidates a group of employees.

False

Most formal job redesign efforts have involved enriching executive and managerial positions to make them more stimulating and challenging.

False

North American organizations have consistently failed to recognize the role of physical fitness in stress reduction and coping.

False

Occasionally, some degree of task conflict is actually beneficial to member satisfaction

False

People have remarkably similar levels of toleration for stress.

False

People high in negative affectivity are particularly likely to feel stressed in response to the demands of poor job design.

False

Personality but not gender is related to burnout.

False

Personality can affect the extent to which stress reactions are effective.

False

Role overload is an example of a stress reaction.

False

Stressors are the behavioural, psychological, and physiological consequences of stress.

False

The content of some cyberbullying constitutes abusive supervision.

False

The individual who uses the most defence mechanisms against stress is exhibiting the best pattern of coping with stress.

False

The province of Ontario has established a voluntary certification program for work-life balance.

False

The text defines stress as a syndrome that includes depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and perceptions of low accomplishment.

False

Shauna was sick but she still came to work. Her co-workers told her that what she is doing is called ________.

Presenteeism

Some stressors can cause both absenteeism and ________.

Presenteeism

People high in negative affectivity are particularly likely to feel stressed in response to the demands of a heavy workload.

True

The writer who could not get his novels published experienced much stress. He decided to become a superb teacher of literature to reduce his stress. This is an example of displacement.

False

Type A personalities experience less job satisfaction than Type B personalities.

False

A profile of abusive managers shows that they often come from abusive ________.

Family

People who are highly engaged in their work have been shown to have elevated work to family conflict.

True

A conflict management style characterized by low assertiveness of one's own interests and low cooperation with the other party is called A) avoiding. B) accommodating. C) competing. D) compromise. E) collaborating.

A

An essential feature of bullying is A) its persistence. B) its harshness. C) its hostility. D) its harmfulness. E) its demeaning nature.

A

An individual's ________ often determines the extent to which a potential stressor becomes an actual stressor. A) personality B) frustration quotient C) stress reaction D) reaction formation E) anxiety reduction factor

A

Bob's boss criticizes him for turning in a report late. The stressed-out Bob responds "I'm not the only one. Everyone else around here turns in late reports too." This is probably an example of A) projection. B) displacement. C) rationalization. D) compensation. E) reaction formation.

A

By definition, open systems A) interact with their environments. B) have no barriers against membership. C) provide easy information access to outsiders. D) provide an open forum for interest groups. E) All of the above

A

Diana's first job was as an air traffic controller, a position she found very stressful. Realizing that this wasn't for her, she found another job as a management trainee and resigned from her air traffic controller position. Her reaction to stress was one of A) problem solving. B) rationalization. C) time management. D) displacement. E) reaction formation.

A

Which of the following is most accurate? A) Women are more likely to report emotional exhaustion, and men are more likely to report depersonalization. B) Men are more likely to report emotional exhaustion, and women are more likely to report depersonalization. C) Men and women are equally likely to report emotional exhaustion, and men are more likely to report depersonalization. D) Men and women are equally likely to report emotional exhaustion, and women are more likely to report depersonalization. E) Men and women are equally likely to report depersonalization, and women are more likely to report emotional exhaustion.

A

Constructive conflict is most likely when the tendency to avoid conflict is suppressed and the parties engage in open-minded discussion of their differences.

True

A national Canadian survey determined that work-family conflict results in decreased work performance and increased ________.

Absenteeism

Research has shown that negative behaviour can trickle-down from managers to supervisors to workers, creating a climate of ________.

Abuse

The bullying of subordinates by managers is called ________ supervision.

Abusive

When cooperativeness is high and assertiveness is low the mode of conflict management is ________.

Accommodation

A conflict management style in which one cooperates with the other party, while not asserting one's own interests is called A) avoiding. B) accommodating. C) competing. D) compromise. E) collaborating.

B

A repeated negative behaviour directed towards one or more individuals of lower power or status that creates a hostile work environment is known as A) sexual harassment. B) bullying. C) violence D) burnout. E) a stressor.

B

A superordinate goal is a goal that requires A) conflict. B) collaboration. C) competition. D) compromise. E) accommodation.

B

Alexis, a writer, experienced much stress when she could not get her novel published. In response, she resolved to become a superior literature teacher. Which defense mechanism is at work here? A) Projection B) Compensation C) Rationalization D) Displacement E) Reaction formation

B

Compared with people who have Type B personalities, people with Type A personalities A) exhibit more job dissatisfaction. B) have a strong need to control their environment. C) are less prone to coronary heart disease. D) are more relaxed and easy going. E) are less effective in situations requiring persistence, endurance, or speed

B

In the realm of job burnout, depersonalization means A) taking an administrative job where one doesn't have to deal with clients. B) treating clients like objects. C) ignoring one's own needs for the sake of client welfare. D) that the individual experiencing burnout lacks social support. E) that the individual experiencing burnout feels like a machine instead of a person.

B

Legal regulations are most likely a part of which environmental component faced by a business firm? A) Customer component B) Social/political component C) Supplier component D) Competitor component E) Technological component

B

Many studies of physiological reactions to stress have concentrated on A) diabetes. B) the cardiovascular system. C) bacterial infections. D) different types of cancer. E) kidney disease.

B

Stress reactions can be A) cognitive, psychological, and behavioural. B) behavioural, psychological, and physiological. C) cognitive, psychological, and physiological. D) emotional, cognitive, and behavioural. E) emotional, behavioural, and physiological.

B

The Type A behaviour pattern is a good example of how A) people can cope effectively with stress. B) personality is involved in stress. C) job dissatisfaction and poor performance are caused by stress. D) all humans respond very similarly to stressors. E) strong defence mechanisms can reduce the physiological reactions to stress.

B

What does presenteeism refer to? A) attending work when stressed B) attending work when ill C) a psychological reaction to stress D) a defence mechanism E) attending work when experiencing burnout

B

What employees seem to handle the tension between work and family better than others? A) Employees with high self-esteem B) More conscientious employees C) Employees with an internal locus of control D) Employees with an external locus of control E) Employees with a Type B personality

B

When is constructive conflict most likely? A) the tendency to engage in conflict is suppressed B) the tendency to avoid conflict is suppressed C) when the parties do not know each other very well D) when the parties know each other very well E) the tendency to avoid conflict is more beneficial to both parties

B

Which of the following best describes constructive conflict? A) a strategy of increasing conflict to motivate change B) the benefits outweigh the costs C) the benefits outweigh the loss D) a strategy of preventing conflict to improve decision making E) a strategy of finding benefits of a conflict for all parties

B

Which of the following best represents the relationship between personality and burnout? A) Those with high self-esteem, high conscientiousness, and external control report less burnout. B) Those with high self-esteem, high conscientiousness, and internal control report less burnout. C) Those with low self-esteem, high conscientiousness, and external control report less burnout. D) Those with low self-esteem, high conscientiousness, and internal control report less burnout. E) Those with high self-esteem, low conscientiousness, and internal control report less burnout.

B

Which of the following events is least likely to happen when conflict begins between two groups? A) The parties begin to conceal information from each other. B) On each side, conciliatory persons who are skilled at conflict resolution emerge as leaders. C) Each group becomes more cohesive. D) While the opposite party is negatively stereotyped, the image of one's own position is boosted. E) Contact with the opposite party is discouraged.

B

Which of the following is NOT a core characteristic of burnout? A) Low personal accomplishment B) Severe memory loss C) Depersonalization D) Emotional exhaustion E) Feeling fatigued and frustrated

B

Which of the following statements about social support and stress is least accurate? A) Social support improves physical and psychological well-being. B) The family is the best source of social support for dealing with work stress. C) Social support helps people cope with stress when it is encountered. D) Social support refers to having close ties with other people. E) Co-workers and superiors are good sources of support for dealing with work stress.

B

Which of the following statements concerning compromise is FALSE? A) Compromise involves each party giving up something with the expectation that it will receive something in exchange. B) Compromise is especially useful for resolving conflicts that stem from power differences. C) The goal of compromise is to establish rules of exchange to resolve conflict. D) Effective compromises are highly dependent on the bargaining skills and the good will of the bargainers. E) Compromise is especially useful for resolving conflicts that stem from scarce resources.

B

Why is abusive supervision especially damaging to employee well-being? A) because managers influence what one's co-workers will do B) because managers control resources of interest to employees C) because managers can get away with it D) because managers determine what is appropriate behaviour E) because managers are role models

B

________ are the key factors that make a Type A individual more prone to heart disease than a Type B. A) Job involvement and work overload B) Repressed anger and hostility C) Impatience and competitiveness D) Time urgency and strict deadlines E) Endurance and persistence

B

Burnout is a common stress reaction among people who occupy organizational ________ roles.

Boundary

Repeated negative behaviour directed towards one or more individuals of lower power or status that creates a hostile work environment is known as ________.

Bullying

________ and harassment are related to presenteeism.

Bullying

________ can take many forms such as incessant teasing, demeaning criticism, social isolation, or sabotaging others' tools and equipment.

Bullying

In general, those with high self-esteem, high conscientiousness, and internal control report less ________.

Burnout

Police officers, nurses, and social workers are especially prone to the form of stress labelled as ________.

Burnout

The nurse said "I'm emotionally exhausted, I don't care about the patients, and I'm not accomplishing anything." The nurse appears to be suffering from the form of stress called ________.

Burnout

A conflict management style that maximizes assertiveness and minimizes cooperation is called A) avoiding. B) accommodating. C) competing. D) compromise. E) collaborating.

C

A national Canadian survey found that work-family conflict results in A) decreased work performance and increased turnover. B) decreased work performance and decreased job satisfaction. C) decreased work performance and increased absenteeism. D) decreased job satisfaction and increased absenteeism. E) increased absenteeism and increased turnover.

C

A superordinate goal is a goal that requires A) conflict. B) collaboration. C) competition. D) compromise. E) accommodation.

C

Abuse that occurs electronically is called A) abusive supervision. B) electronic bullying. C) cyberbullying. D) electronic abuse. E) cyberabuse.

C

Bullying and harassment are related to A) absenteeism. B) burnout. C) presenteeism. D) turnover. E) conflict.

C

Burnout seems especially likely to occur to A) people who make excessive use of defense mechanisms. B) those with Type B personalities. C) people who occupy organizational boundary roles. D) those who experience excessive role ambiguity. E) those who experience role overload.

C

By definition, which event occurs first? A) Stress reaction B) Stress C) Stressor D) Burnout E) Anxiety

C

Clarise's self-esteem was threatened when she lost several court cases in her law practice. To make up for this stressful reality, she concentrated on becoming a competitive amateur sailing champion. Which defense does this illustrate? A) Rationalization B) Displacement C) Compensation D) Projection E) Reaction formation

C

In final offer arbitration A) the arbitrator can choose any outcome on his/her own, and it is final. B) the arbitrator makes a final offer to each party, and they can accept or reject it. C) each party makes a final offer, and the arbitrator chooses one of them. D) each party decides on a final offer together, and then presents it to the arbitrator. E) the arbitrator meets with each party and then makes a final offer.

C

Introducing a superordinate goal is an example of A) third party involvement. B) distributive negotiation tactics. C) integrative negotiation tactics. D) mediation. E) arbitration.

C

It was clear to everybody that the advertising campaign designed by Edwin had been a flop-sales had fallen rather than risen. Although under considerable stress and embarrassed, Edwin put up a false front, smiling and speaking positively about the campaign. What defense mechanism was he exhibiting? A) Projection B) Rationalization C) Reaction formation D) Displacement E) Compensation

C

Most formal job redesign efforts have involved enriching A) managerial jobs. B) executive jobs. C) operative-level jobs. D) boundary role positions. E) all types of jobs.

C

One way to stimulate conflict is to A) make the parties independent of each other. B) clarify ambiguous jurisdictions. C) make resources scarce. D) invoke a superordinate goal. E) make lower status individuals dependent on those of higher status.

C

People who occupy boundary role positions in organizations are especially likely to experience stress because A) they are inherently unable to deal with the causes of their anxiety. B) their roles tend to be boring and unchallenging. C) their roles as organizational members may be incompatible with the demands made by the public or other organizations. D) they tend to work longer hours under poor physical conditions. E) their roles lead to increased work-family conflict.

C

Professionals are most likely to experience stress from job insecurity and change for which of the following reasons? A) The boundary roles they occupy tend to be insecure positions. B) They face the constant threat of automation. C) They tend to be overqualified or too specialized to easily obtain jobs in related industries should social or economic forces change. D) The great amount of authority they possess in the organization may make them the targets of much hostility. E) Increasing pressures for corporate performance have led to the recruitment of many professionals in recent years.

C

Someone who is experiencing stress at work, comes from an abusive family, and feels that they have been treated unfairly is most likely to engage in which of the following? A) cyberbullying B) mobbing C) abusive supervision D) sexual harassment E) bullying

C

The bullying of subordinates by managers is called A) cyberbullying. B) mobbing. C) abusive supervision. D) sexual harassment. E) the deaf ear syndrome.

C

The job demands-resources model is a model that specifies A) how job demands and job resources cause burnout. B) how job demands cause stress and job resources cause well-being. C) how job demands cause burnout and job resources cause engagement. D) how job demands and job resources cause engagement. E) how job demands and job resources cause stress.

C

The textbook states that organizations should be striving to foster exactly the opposite of burnout, which is extreme A) loyalty. B) goal setting. C) engagement. D) laissez-faire. E) organizational citizenship behaviour.

C

Three friends have just graduated from university and are about to begin their first full-time jobs. Jack has high self-esteem, Jill has high conscientiousness, and Bo has an external locus of control. Who is most likely to experience burnout? A) Jack B) Jill C) Bo D) Jack and Jill E) Jack and Bo

C

What is a process conflict? A) Disagreements about the nature of work to be done. B) Disagreements about how the organization should function. C) Disagreements about how work should be organized and accomplished. D) Disagreements about how conflict should be managed. E) Disagreements about the relationships among group members.

C

What occupations tend to provoke the most work-family conflict? A) Those that require a high degree of autonomy B) Those that require a high degree of leadership C) Those that require a high degree of responsibilities for others D) Those that have poor job design E) Those that have poor working conditions

C

What occupations tend to provoke the most work-family conflict? A) Those that require a high degree of autonomy B) Those that require a high degree of leadership C) Those that require a high degree of teamwork D) Those that have poor job design E) Those that have poor working conditions

C

What seems to be a key factor associated with the occurrence of burnout? A) Job insecurity B) Poor job design C) Dealing with distressed clients D) Being overqualified educationally and stuck in a dead-end job E) Role overload

C

When a group of individuals, usually direct co-workers, "gang up" on a particular employee, it is called A) sexual harassment. B) interpersonal conflict. C) mobbing. D) relationship conflict. E) conflict stimulation.

C

When can job scope be a stressor? A) When it is too high B) When it is too low C) When it is too low or too high D) When it is high and an individual has role overload E) When it is high and an individual has role ambiguity

C

Which of the following is most accurate about the relationship between personality and stress? A) Internals are more likely to feel anxious in the face of potential stressors. B) Externals are more likely to confront stressors directly. C) People high in negative affectivity report more stressors in the work environment. D) People low in negative affectivity feel stressed in response to the demands of a heavy workload. E) People high in negative affectivity report more objective but less subjective stress.

C

Which of the following represents the relationship between the type of stressor and performance? A) Hindrance and challenge stressors can damage and stimulate performance. B) Hindrance and challenge stressors can damage but not stimulate performance. C) Hindrance and challenge stressors can damage performance, but only challenge stressors can stimulate performance. D) Hindrance and challenge stressors can damage performance, but only hindrance stressors can stimulate performance. E) Hindrance stressors can damage performance, and challenge stressors stimulate performance.

C

Which of the following statements about cyberbullying is most accurate? A) It consists of direct messages. B) It consists of indirect messages. C) It consists of direct and indirect messages. D) The perpetrator is always anonymous. E) The abuse occurs in the work domain.

C

________ exists when assertiveness and cooperativeness are both high.

Collaboration

Although Sylvester was terrible in the finance department, he resolved to be the best personnel manager in the history of the firm. This illustrates the defence mechanism of ________.

Compensation

When cooperativeness is low and assertiveness is high the mode of conflict management is ________.

Competing

Ambiguous jurisdictions and scarce resources cause ________.

Conflict

In general, those with high self-esteem, high ________, and internal control report less burnout.

Conscientiousness

Conflict for which the benefits outweigh the costs is known as ________ conflict.

Constructive

________ conflict is most likely when the tendency to avoid conflict is suppressed and the parties engage in open-minded discussion of their differences.

Constructive

________ is a fairly new form of bullying in which the abuse occurs electronically.

Cyberbullying

A conflict management style that combines intermediate levels of assertiveness and cooperation is called A) avoiding. B) accommodating. C) competing. D) compromise. E) collaborating.

D

A conflict management style that maximizes both assertiveness and cooperation is called A) avoiding. B) accommodating. C) competing. D) compromise. E) collaborating.

D

A strategy of increasing conflict in order to motivate change is called A) conflict situation. B) conflict adaptation. C) conflict management. D) conflict stimulation. E) conflict strategy.

D

According to the text, which is the most likely order of burnout stages? A) Low self-efficacy -> Cynicism -> Emotional exhaustion B) Cynicism -> Low self-efficacy -> Emotional exhaustion C) Cynicism -> Emotional exhaustion -> Low self-efficacy D) Emotional exhaustion -> Cynicism -> Low self-efficacy E) Emotional exhaustion -> Low self-efficacy -> Cynicism

D

After Alex was fired from his job, he went home and ripped up his small tomato patch. His reaction to stress was one of A) problem solving. B) projection. C) reaction formation. D) displacement. E) rationalization.

D

After a few days on a new job, you find yourself arguing with members of your group over who has authority and responsibility and who should do what. What is this an example of? A) A relationship conflict B) A task conflict C) Intergroup bias D) A process conflict E) Conflict dynamics

D

Angela is a vice-president of public relations while Peter is a telephone installer. Both occupy A) operative roles. B) ambiguous roles. C) professional roles. D) boundary roles. E) conflicting roles.

D

Attending work when ill is called A) Type A behaviour pattern. B) burnout. C) work engagement. D) presenteeism. E) workaholism.

D

Conflict for which the benefits outweigh the costs is called A) cost-benefit conflict. B) distributive conflict. C) integrative conflict. D) constructive conflict. E) functional conflict.

D

Extreme hostility and cynicism are the physiologically risky components of A) negative affectivity. B) approach-avoidance conflict. C) burnout. D) Type A behaviour. E) locus of control.

D

If the parties to a conflict engage in open-minded discussion of their differences and are open to evidence that is counter to their current position, what is likely to happen? A) conflict stimulation B) integrative negotiation C) distributive negotiation D) constructive conflict E) third party involvement

D

Superordinate goals are A) goals that have the highest priority in the organization. B) goals that are used to stimulate conflict. C) goals that are most likely to provoke dysfunctional organizational politics. D) goals that can only be achieved by collaboration between conflicting parties. E) goals that can only be achieved through distributive negotiation.

D

The three stages of a stress episode are, in order A) stress, stressor, and stress reactions. B) frustration, stress, and conflict. C) stress reactions, stressor, and stress. D) stressor, stress, and stress reactions. E) stress, anxiety, and conflict.

D

There is growing evidence that providing more ________ in how service is delivered can alleviate stress and burnout. A) resources B) time C) feedback D) autonomy E) support

D

Wayne just started a new job for a company that distributes swimming pool hardware like brass drain filters, pumps, and flexible heating coils for pool heaters. The warehouse is filled with approximately 400 SKU's or individual products. Wayne has been told that he is responsible for being the final "approver" for all orders before they get loaded on to the truck and sent to the customer. At the same time, his supervisor has asked him to try to manage the labour costs in the warehouse for himself and the dozen or so of other employees in that area. In the middle of double checking a large and very complicated order, Wayne was asked to meet with the warehouse manager, as well as a handful of other managers from the company, to discuss customer service challenges. He is experiencing quite a bit of stress and he is worried it is going to get worse as the role ambiguity he is facing gets more confusing. The stressors Wayne is experiencing are coming from the intense A) job resources. B) work engagement. C) work ambivalence. D) job demands. E) physical working conditions.

D

What strategies were found to be most effective in a study in which new hires who negotiated received a salary premium? A) Compromising and accommodating B) Compromising and collaborating C) Accommodating and competing D) Collaborating and competing E) Compromising and competing

D

When Jerome asked Larry about his new job, he was surprised to learn that Larry's co-workers have been teasing him and sabotaging his tools and equipment. What is this an example of? A) Sexual harassment B) Interpersonal conflict C) Relationship conflict D) Bullying E) Avoiding

D

Which of the following are examples of hindrance stressors? A) Heavy workload and responsibility B) Heavy workload and role ambiguity C) Heavy workload and interpersonal conflict D) Role ambiguity and interpersonal conflict E) Responsibility and interpersonal conflict

D

Which of the following is a manifestation of interpersonal conflict? A) Work-family conflict B) Role ambiguity C) Sexual harassment D) Bullying E) Burnout

D

Which of the following is most accurate? A) Gender but not personality is related to burnout. B) Personality but not gender is related to burnout. C) Gender and personality are not related to burnout. D) Gender and personality are related to burnout. E) Personality is related to burnout for women but not men.

D

Which of the following is targeted directly at the stressor itself? A) Physiological reactions B) Defence mechanisms C) Social support D) Problem solving E) Work/life programs

D

Which stress reaction has the best potential to permanently terminate a stress episode? A) Rationalization B) Projection C) Temporary withdrawal D) Problem solving E) Displacement

D

High job ________ and time pressure have been associated with presenteeism.

Demands

Women are more likely to report emotional exhaustion, and men are more likely to report ________.

Depersonalization

________ is a common health problem connected to presenteeism.

Depression

A computer programmer probably occupies a boundary role.

False

A national Canadian survey determined that work-family conflict results in decreased work performance and increased turnover.

False

A ready supply of resources is especially likely to prompt conflict among organizational subunits.

False

A single harsh incident is a good example of bullying.

False

Ambition and competitiveness are the key aspects of Type A behaviour that contribute to physiological problems.

False

An essential feature of bullying is its harshness.

False

Bullying always involves physical aggression.

False

Bullying and mobbing are related to presenteeism.

False

Burnout is an example of a stressor.

False

Careful time management to deal with stress is an example of using a defence mechanism.

False

Coming to work when one is experiencing stress is called presenteeism.

False

Competition is an example of conflict.

False

Conflict is especially likely when those of low status are dependent upon those of high status.

False

Constructive conflict refers to conflict for which the costs outweigh the benefits.

False

Defence mechanisms provide effective short-term stress reduction because they directly attack the source of stress.

False

Distributive negotiation assumes that mutual problem solving can result in a win-win situation in which the pie is actually enlarged before distribution.

False

Distributive negotiation requires a degree of creativity.

False

Especially for operative-level jobs, there is growing evidence that more autonomy can alleviate stress and burnout.

False

Heavy workload is an example of a hindrance stressor.

False

High job demands and work-family conflict have been associated with presenteeism.

False

Hindrance stressors can damage and stimulate performance.

False

Hindrance stressors can stimulate performance via added motivation.

False

In general, those with high self-esteem, high conscientiousness, and external control report less burnout.

False

In general, those with high self-esteem, high conscientiousness, and internal control report more burnout.

False

In the context of work groups and teams, relationship and process conflict tend to be beneficial to member satisfaction and team performance.

False

In the context of work groups and teams, relationship and process conflict tend to be detrimental to member satisfaction but beneficial for team performance.

False

Integrative negotiation is essentially a single-issue negotiation.

False

Internals are more likely to feel anxious in the face of potential stressors.

False

Jobs with heavy workloads and considerable decision-making authority seem to prompt heart disease.

False

Men and women are equally victimized by stress due to work-family conflict.

False

Men are more likely to report emotional exhaustion and depersonalization than women.

False

Attending work when ________ is called presenteeism.

Ill

In some cases, cyberbullying is ________ in that messages are posted publicly on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, blogs, and web pages.

Indirect

________ negotiation requires a degree of creativity.

Intergrative

________ can be a stressor at levels that are either too low or too high.

Job Scope

________ refer to features of a job that are functional in that they help achieve work goals, reduce job demands, and stimulate personal growth.

Job resources

A recent study showed that new hires who ________ received a $5000 salary premium.

Negotiatied

Cyberbullying can be especially destructive because the abuse extends into the ________ domain, so people feel they cannot get away from it.

Non-work

Most formal job redesign efforts have involved enriching ________ jobs to make them more stimulating and challenging.

Operative level

Poor physical working conditions are most likely to be a stressor for ________ employees.

Operative level

An essential feature of bullying is its ________.

Persistence

________ can buffer the negative impact of job demands on well-being.

Resources

Especially for ________ jobs, there is growing evidence that providing more autonomy in how ________ is delivered can alleviate stress and burnout.

Service, service

The content of some cyberbullying constitutes ________ harassment.

Sexual

Occasionally, some degree of ________ conflict is actually beneficial for team performance.

Task

Occupations that require a high degree of ________ or responsibilities for others tend to provoke the most work-family conflict.

Teamwork

High job demands and ________ pressure have been associated with presenteeism.

Time

A national Canadian survey determined that work-family conflict results in decreased work performance and increased absenteeism.

True

Abusive managers experience stress at work.

True

Abusive managers feel they have been treated unfairly

True

Abusive managers often come from abusive families.

True

Abusive supervision is especially damaging to employee well-being.

True

Abusive supervision refers to the bullying of subordinates by managers.

True

As discussed in the text, quitting one's stressful job would be an example of withdrawal, a behavioural reaction to stress.

True

Attending work when ill is known as presenteeism.

True

Bullying and harassment are related to presenteeism.

True

Bullying is most commonly a subtle form of psychological aggression and intimidation.

True

Challenge stressors can sometimes stimulate performance via added motivation.

True

Conflict stimulation can foster change.

True

Constructive conflict is most likely to promote good decisions and positive organizational change.

True

Constructive conflict refers to conflict for which the benefits outweigh the costs.

True

Abusive supervision is especially damaging to employee ________.

Well-being

Terry is a sales clerk who serves as an interface between her department store and the buying public. As such she holds a(n) ________ role position.

boundary

A profile of abusive managers shows they feel they have been treated ________.

unfairly

According to a study conducted by the American Psychological Association, work was reported to be a potent source of stress, edging out ________ and ________.

health relationship

When too many tasks must be performed in too short of a time period, ________ is likely to occur.

role overload