mana test 2 chap 7,8

An employee assistance program is: a. an individual prevention approach to stress relief or reduction b. a first level or primary stress prevention approach c. an organizational approach to stress reduction d. normally an aftercare program for employee drug abusers

a. an individual prevention approach to stress relief or reduction

A software engineer has just discovered a major problem, which is not yet fully defined, in a large information system she is building for a very difficult customer. Her supervisor is listening to the engineer as she begins to talk through the problem. Which of the following responses would best exemplify the "reflecting of core feelings"? a. "I see", "Uh-huh"....."yes, I understand". b. "I hear that you are feeling very upset about the problem and may be worried about the customer's reaction when you inform him". c. Extended periods of silence. d. "I understand that you are concerned there may be a major problem with the information system".

b. "I hear that you are feeling very upset about the problem and may be worried about the customer's reaction when you inform him".

A defensive tactic where an individual attempts to manipulate and control others is: a. a put-down b. a power play c. labeling d. raising doubts

b. a power play

The evoking of a shared or common meaning in another person is called: a. interpersonal communication b. communication c. a response pattern d. the message

b. communication

Strain is the same as: a. stress b. distress c. eustress d. tension

b. distress

Larry Ellison, CEO of Oracle, is well known for a communication style that is characterized as: a. civil b. incivil c. polyphasic d. nondefensive

b. incivil

Most organizational prevention is: a. secondary b. primary c. tertiary d. too late

b. primary

Aflac (Real World 8.2) changed its automated customer service line with the intention of delivering a "nicer" and more "competent" sounding message with an emphasis on providing a tone that was warm, conversational, even empathetic. This was an example of which type of nonverbal communication? a. proxemics b. kinesics c. paralanguage d. polyphasic

c. paralanguage

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a source of stress at work? a. task demands b. interpersonal demands c. psychological demands d. role demands

c. psychological demands

Assume you are a supervisor of ten employees, one of whom is clearly a Type A personality. Which of the following approaches would you follow to effectively manage this employee? a. Frequently remind the employee about schedules and deadlines. b. Try to maintain a certain level of conflict with the employee because this will stimulate higher performance. c. Keep the employee very busy by adding tasks and projects to the person's workload. d. Assist the employee through encouraging time management applications and convincing the person to pace him or herself.

d. Assist the employee through encouraging time management applications and convincing the person to pace him or herself.

Which of the following situations would result in the individual being most at risk of health disorders? a. Type A individuals in Type B organizations b. Type B individuals in Type A organizations c. Type B individuals in Type B organizations d. Type A individuals in Type A organizations

d. Type A individuals in Type A organizations

Research at the Cooper Aerobics Center has made three important findings regarding physical exercise and stress prevention. All of the following statements were supported by this research Except: a. aerobically fit people have lower levels of adrenaline in their blood at rest b. aerobically fit people have a slower, stronger heart functioning c. aerobically fit people recover from stressful events more quickly d. aerobically fit people show less cholesterol in their blood

d. aerobically fit people show less cholesterol in their blood

Positive, healthy communication is achieved when: a. there is a balance between the head and the heart b. a person displays positive emotional competence and has a healthy conversation between thoughts and feelings c. working together is taken for its interpersonal and intrapersonal meaning d. all of these

d. all of these

All of the following are included in reflective listening except: a. affirming contact b. clarifying the implicit c. silence d. criticism

d. criticism

As a supervisor of claim adjusters for a property and casualty insurance company, you assign and reassign adjusters to handle routine and emergency situations. Your managerial skills have become severely tested because several adjusters, after short-term emergency assignments, are threatening to quit. What short-term approach to their stressful situation would be most appropriate? a. Reduce task demands and make sure no adjuster works more than five days a week. b. Place them on sick leave or provide immediate comp time. c. Arrange for psychological counseling. d. Rotate them back to their home location and place them on medical leave.

a. Reduce task demands and make sure no adjuster works more than five days a week.

Information overload for employees or a lack of sufficient information for performance and task accomplishment can result from: a. a failure to filter and disseminate information selectively b. the tendency to use overly rich mediums of communication c. inappropriate use of the perceptual window d. gender differences

a. a failure to filter and disseminate information selectively

The window through which we interact with people and influence the quality, accuracy, and clarity of the communication is called: a. a perceptual screen b. a communication filter c. an interpretation funnel d. the communication vacuum

a. a perceptual screen

Which of the following is NOT considered a result or outcome of defensive communication? a. assertive but accurate message sending b. increased nonwork time c. retaliation d. aggression and abuse

a. assertive but accurate message sending

Nonverbal communication can be utilized in which of the following communication situations? a. committee meeting b. e-mail c. voice mail d. telephone call

a. committee meeting

The adverse psychological, physical, behavioral, and organizational consequence that may occur as a result of stressful events is known as: a. distress b. the stressor c. the stress response d. anxiety disorder

a. distress

Passive-aggressive communication and behavior frequently end up as: a. dominant defensive behavior b. nonassertive behavior c. accommodative and helpful behavior d. subordinate defensive behavior

a. dominant defensive behavior

The person-environment approach to stress emphasizes the: a. fit between external and internal role expectations b. belief that effort will lead to performance c. notion that perception and cognitive evaluations of situations differ and accordingly stress is mostly determined by perception d. idea that the fit between a person's self-image or concept and their ideal generates large stress when there is lack of fit

a. fit between external and internal role expectations

The fight-or-flight stress response is most closely associated with which approach to stress? a. homeostatic b. cognitive appraisal c. person-environment fit d. psychoanalytic

a. homeostatic

The best way to determine whether someone may be lying is to look for: a. inconsistencies in nonverbal cues b. rapid speech rate c. stuttering or stammering d. rapid eye movement

a. inconsistencies in nonverbal cues

An employee with a major sales presentation on Monday and a sick child at home Sunday night is likely to experience: a. interrole conflict b. intrarole conflict c. person-role conflict d. role ambiguity

a. interrole conflict

Persons from many other countries, Arabs for example, prefer to interact (in face-to-face situations) at a/an _____ distance. a. intimate b. public c. personal d. extended (beyond 20 feet)

a. intimate

Friends typically interact within the: a. intimate zone b. personal distance zone c. social distance zone d. public distance zone

a. intimate zone

In nonverbal communication, the study of body movements, including posture, is known as: a. kinesics b. proxemics c. paralanguage d. posturics

a. kinesics

Task demands include all of the following except: a. leadership style b. lack of control c. work overload d. uncertainty

a. leadership style

As much as 65 to 90 percent of the substance or content of a message sent in person can be through: a. nonverbal communication b. written forms of communication c. tone of voice d. numeric examples

a. nonverbal communication

When a supervisor sends a message to his/her employees who comprise a diverse workgroup, both parties to the message should be sensitive to: a. perceptual screens b. only verbal characteristics of the message c. the informal communication channel d. non-feedback

a. perceptual screens

The approach to stress that is based on the concept of homeostasis is known as: a. physiological b. psychoanalytical c. social psychological d. psychological-cognitive

a. physiological

At the core of personal integrity as displayed by executives is: a. positive, healthy communication b. kinesics c. proxemics d. nondefensive communication

a. positive, healthy communication

The study of an individual's perception and use of space, including territorial space, is called: a. proxemics b. kinesics c. spatial differentiation d. paralanguage

a. proxemics

All of the following would be considered a source of stress due to interpersonal demands except: a. role ambiguity b. functional diversity c. leadership style d. sexual harassment

a. role ambiguity

Evaluative feedback is an aspect of a(n) _____ approach to stress prevention. a. social support system b. focal role definition c. task specification d. uncertainty reduction

a. social support system

Which form of communication has high to moderate data capacity and moderate to low information richness? a. written communication b. face-to-face communication c. telephone communication d. voice mail

a. written communication

Secondary prevention is intended to: a. reduce, modify, or eliminate the demand causing stress b. alter or modify the individual's or the organization's response to a demand c. heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain d. eliminate key environmental sources of stress or provide direct intervention to reduce the source of the stress

b. alter or modify the individual's or the organization's response to a demand

Passive-aggressive behavior is a form of defensiveness that begins as subordinate defensiveness and ends up as: a. scapegoating b. dominant defensiveness c. a defensive tactic d. a power play

b. dominant defensiveness

A communication medium that is moderate in both information richness and data capacity is: a. the telephone b. electronic mail c. face-to-face discussion d. formal numeric report

b. electronic mail

In a study of managers' communication skills and performance,: a. higher performing managers' communication skills were no better than lower performing managers' b. higher performing managers are better and less apprehensive communicators than lower performing managers c. higher performing managers had significantly greater social cognitive abilities than lower performing managers d. female managers consistently outperformed male managers when communication skills were about the same

b. higher performing managers are better and less apprehensive communicators than lower performing managers

The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that: a. initial stress (or the onset of stress) causes performance to drop significantly b. in the midrange of the stress-performance curve, performance tends to be greatest c. stress and performance are unrelated d. stress and performance are inversely related

b. in the midrange of the stress-performance curve, performance tends to be greatest

A manager who presses employees for both very fast work and high-quality work would likely cause: a. interrole conflict b. intrarole conflict c. person-role conflict d. role ambiguity

b. intrarole conflict

The biggest benefits of physical exercise come as a result of: a. outside exercise that exposes you to sunshine which is linked to serotonin generation b. low intensity exercise c. exercising longer than 15 or 20 minutes d. physical activities such as racquetball, squash, tennis, running

b. low intensity exercise

Utilizing the cognitive appraisal approach to stress, problem-focused coping emphasizes: a. managing your response b. managing the stressor c. managing the set of role expectations such that there is a good person-situation fit d. managing the gap between your ego-ideal and real self-image

b. managing the stressor

Irish conversations, the Spanish bullfight, and American football would be examples of: a. barriers to communication b. metaphors that can enable someone outside a culture to better understand members within the culture c. a first step to overcome cultural diversity as a barrier to communication by increasing awareness and sensitivity d. Irish, Spanish, and American cultural stereotypes

b. metaphors that can enable someone outside a culture to better understand members within the culture

A manager instructs an employee to ship an item with a minor defect to a customer. This is an example of: a. role ambiguity b. person-role conflict c. interrole conflict d. non-role conflict

b. person-role conflict

Groupon recognizes that talking to customers, building relationships, and maintaining those relationships are challenging and stressful but keys to the success of the business. Groupon employs a 300 person customer service department in Chicago and 700 additional customer service employees across the world. This is a big commitment and sends the clear message Groupon is managing customer service stress through: a. self service technology b. personal relationships c. off shore call centers d. All of the above

b. personal relationships

The use of new technologies encourages what kind of activity? a. unequal participation in groups b. polyphasic c. less time for groups to reach consensus d. increased inhibition due to the complexity inherent in technology

b. polyphasic

Job redesign, goal setting, and career management would be organizational stress prevention strategies applied at which stage of prevention? a. escalating stage b. primary stage c. reduction stage d. secondary stage

b. primary stage

Seating arrangements and dynamics can be examined in a/an _____ study. a. paralanguage b. proxemics c. kinesics d. attitude

b. proxemics

The two major categories of "role stress" at work include: a. role conflict and role overload b. role conflict and role ambiguity c. role ambiguity and role overload d. role overload and ethical conflict

b. role conflict and role ambiguity

You are chairing quality circle meetings with your employees and want to maximize opportunities for all to speak and contribute. The seating arrangement and table shape to accomplish this should be: a. square b. round c. oblong d. rectangular

b. round

To facilitate direct and open communication, which of the following seating arrangements would be most appropriate? a. seat the other party beside you, facing the same direction b. seat the other party across a corner of your desk from you or in a place where you will be at right angles c. seat the other person directly across from you d. seat the person inside your social distance zone

b. seat the other party across a corner of your desk from you or in a place where you will be at right angles

The most notable self-imposed personal demand is probably: a. child rearing b. workaholism c. civic duties d. being a perfectionist

b. workaholism

Which of the following statements is an example of nondefensive communication? a. "Mary is always late to meetings." b. "I sent the memo through intra-company mail. They must have lost it." c. "I received the report from Dan yesterday and have briefly reviewed it. It looks good but I need to talk to him about one recommendation before I approve it." d. "The check is in the mail. Don't call me again."

c. "I received the report from Dan yesterday and have briefly reviewed it. It looks good but I need to talk to him about one recommendation before I approve it."

Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning reflective listening? a. Reflective listening emphasizes personal elements of the communication process. b. Reflective listening is particularly helpful in problem-solving situations. c. Reflective listening emphasizes more strongly the role of the communicator. d. The listener's emphasis should be on responding to the communicator, not leading the communicator.

c. Reflective listening emphasizes more strongly the role of the communicator.

Which of the following statements is most accurate? a. The approach to stress will determine the stress response sequence. b. It is clear that perceptions lead to behavior, and consequently the stress response sequence is based on cognition that results in the release of chemical messengers. c. The stress response begins with the release of chemical messengers, primarily adrenaline, into the bloodstream. d. Researchers have not spent time characterizing when the stress response begins but have rather focused on the results.

c. The stress response begins with the release of chemical messengers, primarily adrenaline, into the bloodstream.

Which of the following persons is most closely associated with the homeostatic and medical approach to stress? a. Richard Lazarus b. Harry Levinson c. Walter B. Cannon d. Robert Kahn

c. Walter B. Cannon

Work demands can be a major source of work stress. Researchers have categorized work stressors as "challenge" stressors or "hindrance" stressors. All of the following are "challenge" stressors Except: a. time pressure b. job responsibility c. amount of red tape required to get through to accomplish the job d. work quantity

c. amount of red tape required to get through to accomplish the job

Psychosomatic disorders: a. are a form of burnout b. lead to obsessive behavior c. are physical ailments that begin in the mind d. can always be traced to the work situation

c. are physical ailments that begin in the mind

The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests the relationship between stress level and performance arousal is: a. u-shaped b. linear and negative c. bell-shaped d. depends on the person

c. bell-shaped

Two of the most stressful demands people face at work are: a. change and heavy workload b. lack of control and heavy workload c. change and lack of control d. change and lack of clear direction

c. change and lack of control

Healthy or normal stress is known as: a. stressless b. nostress c. eustress d. normstress

c. eustress

Studies have shown that using computer-mediated communication tends to result in an increase in: a. depression b. stress c. flaming d. proxemic behavior

c. flaming

Research concerning job characteristics has found that a greater likelihood of heart attack in men occurred with: a. high job demands and high job autonomy b. low job demands and high job autonomy c. high job demands and low job autonomy d. low job demands and low job autonomy

c. high job demands and low job autonomy

Americans generally do not like to communicate with one another within their: a. social distance b. personal distance c. intimate distance d. public distance

c. intimate distance

Learned optimism is: a. a secondary individual stress prevention method b. the planning and prioritizing of tasks c. is non-negative thinking d. is a strong Type A personality characteristic

c. is non-negative thinking

If your boss spoke with you about a significant production problem within his/her areas of the plant, you would avoid: a. paraphrasing the concern being expressed b. eye contact c. long periods of silence d. asking questions of clarification

c. long periods of silence

Individuals possessing a Type A personality: a. are socially secure b. are less prone than Type B personalities to heart attacks c. may become aggressive, even somewhat hostile when faced with conflict and other work-related difficulties d. tend to be relatively calm in difficult situations

c. may become aggressive, even somewhat hostile when faced with conflict and other work-related difficulties

The element of the communication model that contains the thoughts and feelings the communicator is attempting to elicit in the receiver is the: a. data b. feedback c. message d. information

c. message

Kodak has used blogging and social media to engage customer conversations and decision making, thus leveraging the business in a positive way. The information richness and data capacity of blogging as a communication medium is: a. high, low b. low, high c. moderate, moderate d. low, moderate

c. moderate, moderate

An effective method to reduce or overcome barriers to communication due to gender differences is to: a. frequently use metaphors b. attempt to use more technical terms with precise meanings c. seek clarification of the meaning d. use face-to-face communication

c. seek clarification of the meaning

The Department of Labor has identified which interpersonal communication skill as being necessary for successful functioning in the workplace? a. empathy b. writing c. serving clients d. understanding

c. serving clients

All of the following are forms of incivility Except: a. discourteousness b. impatience c. social swearing d. rudeness

c. social swearing

A barrier to effective communication is: a. redundancy b. feedback c. status difference d. common language

c. status difference

Defensive communication can lead to: a. a productive work environment b. successful problem solving c. strained working relationships d. task efficiency

c. strained working relationships

A manager's decision to reduce task demands in a stress management situation is: a. symptom directed b. secondary prevention c. stressor directed d. asymptomatic

c. stressor directed

Which of the following is considered high in rich information? a. personalized memo b. electronic mail c. telephone d. flyer

c. telephone

The stage in preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain is called: a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. tertiary prevention d. job redesign

c. tertiary prevention

JM Family Enterprises Inc. reflects an organization's efforts to actively prevent distress and enhance positive well being according to Real World feature 7.2. JM Family has emphasized which of the following? a. the secondary prevention of time management b. the tertiary prevention of providing professional help c. the secondary prevention of physical exercise d. the primary prevention of positive thinking through training

c. the secondary prevention of physical exercise

The demand, person, activity, or event that triggers an uncomfortable encounter is known as: a. stress b. distress c. the stressor d. strain

c. the stressor

What percent of the meaning in a message can be conveyed by nonverbal communication? a. 10 to 20 b. 25 to 40 c. 45 to 70 d. 65 to 90

d. 65 to 90

The text states that the same stressful events may lead to distress and strain for one person and to excitement and healthy results for another. The Science feature of Chapter 7 reported the results of whether the effect of interpersonal conflict on employee affective distress reaction could be moderated by personality agreeableness and social support. Which of the following statements was not supported by this study? a. interpersonal conflict serves as a stressor for all individuals and agreeableness and social support can moderate the impact on affective distress responses b. agreeable individuals expressed less negative affect than those with less agreeable dispositions c. social support was found to moderate the negative effects of interpersonal conflict d. agreeable individuals were less distressed in the face of interpersonal conflict than less agreeable individuals

d. agreeable individuals were less distressed in the face of interpersonal conflict than less agreeable individuals

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic rules Catherine Crier (news anchor for a major television network) uses to prevent defensive communication? a. define the situation b. clarify the person's position c. acknowledge the person's feelings d. bring the focus back to the person

d. bring the focus back to the person

Assume you are a supervisor who manages more than 20 employees, each of whom occupies a different job. At a recent project meeting with eight of your employees, you discussed with them the importance of communication and the rapidly developing technology associated with communication. A point that you should not fail to make in your discussion is: a. supervisory communication is normally one-way b. face-to-face communication is inefficient c. formal communication channels should be used at all times d. communication is the evoking of a shared or common meaning in another person

d. communication is the evoking of a shared or common meaning in another person

As a supervisor in an emergency situation, you should be: a. sensitive to employees' feelings b. an empathetic listener c. fully informative to employees d. directive and assertive

d. directive and assertive

Polyphasic activity is known as: a. the study of space in nonverbal communication b. the study of seating arrangements c. limiting your activity to only one at a time d. doing more than one thing at time

d. doing more than one thing at time

Organizations need to be sensitive to sources of stress, which include all of the following except: a. work b. nonwork c. global d. domestic

d. domestic

You witness an incident at work where a supervisor loudly criticizes an employee in front of several other employees. Later, you learn that the employee didn't make any mistake. The supervisor's communication is an example of: a. nondefensive communication b. a territorial space violation c. paralanguage d. dominant defensiveness

d. dominant defensiveness

Personal integrity in positive, healthy communication is achieved through: a. morality b. leadership c. ethics d. emotional competence

d. emotional competence

All of the following except _____ can be used by a supervisor to reduce communication barriers. a. minimizing jargon and technical language b. encouraging formation of nonhierarchical working relationships c. providing cross-cultural training d. encouraging men and women to interact the same way

d. encouraging men and women to interact the same way

The study of fit between person (employee) and machine is: a. performance appraisal b. job design c. operant conditioning d. ergonomics

d. ergonomics

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nondefensive communication and behavior? a. informative b. realistic c. controlled d. evasive

d. evasive

A positive consequence of organizational distress may take the form of: a. performance decrements b. absenteeism c. employee work stoppage d. functional turnover

d. functional turnover

A personality that tends to be resistant to distress is: a. overdependent b. Type A in nature c. counterdependent d. hardy

d. hardy

The medical approach to stress is most similar to: a. the person-environment fit approach b. the cognitive appraisal approach c. the psychoanalytic approach d. homeostatic approach

d. homeostatic approach

Role conflict results from: a. lack of control b. role ambiguity c. work overload d. inconsistent expectations

d. inconsistent expectations

All of the following are stress-related interpersonal demands of the workplace except: a. an authoritarian leadership style b. sexual harassment c. emotional toxins d. intrarole conflict

d. intrarole conflict

One-way communication in contrast to two-way communication: a. is especially more accurate for complex tasks b. solicits interaction c. allows for reflective listening d. is faster

d. is faster

The use of new information technologies reduces status differences as a barrier to communication because: a. of its impersonal nature b. it increases polyphasic behavior c. of the opportunity for immediate feedback d. it encourages the formation of nonhierarchical working relationships

d. it encourages the formation of nonhierarchical working relationships

A manager comments to her secretary, "How come Nancy (a word processor) is always hard to find when there is a deadline? She is a loafer." This is an example of: a. deception b. regression c. misleading information d. labeling

d. labeling

If one of your employees was in the early stages of expressing thoughts and feelings about a problem, especially when there may be some associated anxiety or discomfort, it would be most appropriate for you to: a. paraphrase the expressed thoughts and feelings b. clarify implicit thoughts and feelings c. reflect core feelings d. make affirming contact

d. make affirming contact

Organizational costs of distress may take the form of all of the following except: a. performance loss b. interpersonal conflicts c. sabotage d. medical illness

d. medical illness

All of the following are approaches, services, or work arrangements intended to minimize the impact of nonwork demands on work except: a. flextime scheduling b. job sharing c. telecommuting d. mentoring

d. mentoring

Many of the communication technologies significantly limit or eliminate _____ forms of communication. a. written b. nondefensive c. dominant d. nonverbal

d. nonverbal

Which of the following is NOT a mind-body change associated with stress? a. redirection of blood to brain and large muscle groups b. increased sensory alertness c. release of glucose into bloodstream d. normal physical fatigue

d. normal physical fatigue

Benefits of eustress include all of the following except: a. increased arousal b. bursts of physical strength c. cardiovascular efficiency d. overstimulation

d. overstimulation

A commonly used secondary individual stress prevention is: a. time management b. leisure time pursuits c. learned optimism d. physical exercise

d. physical exercise

A recent study that examined the experiences of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload for middle managers across 21 nations revealed: a. there is rather high cross-cultural consistency in the amount of stress generated by these three variables b. role stress varied more by demographic factors than country or organizational factors c. role stress varied more by organizational factors than country or demographic factors d. role stress varied more by country than by demographic or organizational factors

d. role stress varied more by country than by demographic or organizational factors

The psychoanalytic approach to stress most likely includes which of the following personality dimensions? a. self-monitoring b. internal/external control c. self-efficacy d. self-esteem

d. self-esteem

Job redesign as a stress prevention method may involve any one or all of the following except: a. changing the schedule of work and the sequencing of tasks b. giving the worker inspection responsibility or expanding the employee's job decision latitude c. reducing job tasks d. setting output goals

d. setting output goals

Computer-aided communications systems (e-mail, intranet for example) encourage all of the following except: a. flaming or rude communication b. increasing speed of group decision making c. overloading of information d. significant disparities in participation levels of persons within the group

d. significant disparities in participation levels of persons within the group

Providing the time to identify and isolate the listener's personal responses and exclude them from the dialogue is one of the purposes of: a. paraphrasing expressed thoughts and feelings b. clarifying implicit thoughts and feelings c. reflecting core feelings d. silence

d. silence

The person-environment fit approach to studying and understanding stress emphasizes: a. homeostasis b. cognitive appraisal of the stress situation c. ego involvement d. social and organizational role stress

d. social and organizational role stress

The unconscious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faced with any demand is known as: a. avoidance b. instinct c. arousal d. stress

d. stress

A secondary prevention method of organizational stress is: a. job redesign b. role negotiation c. goal setting d. team building

d. team building

The Real World feature 7.1 revealed the impact of work stress and ultimate resignation of Pfizer CEO Jeff Kindler. Kindler's sources of stress included all of the following Except: a. lack of control b. heavy workload c. lack of internal operational support (No COO) d. technostress

d. technostress

The job strain model presented in your text suggests: a. high job demands lead to a high-strain job b. low self-determination leads to a high-strain job c. an active job is associated with high strain d. that the combination of high job demand and restricted job decision latitude leads to a high-strain job

d. that the combination of high job demand and restricted job decision latitude leads to a high-strain job

Richness in a communication message refers to: a. the amount of data that can be sent via the type of communication medium b. the amount of feeling that is communicated with the message c. the amount of analyzable elements of a message d. the ability of the medium to convey the meaning

d. the ability of the medium to convey the meaning

Role ambiguity is: a. the difficulty stemming from a situation where expectations of two roles conflict b. conflicting expectations within a single role c. the difficulty a person has in reconciling job demands and personal values d. the confusion one experiences related to the expectations of others

d. the confusion one experiences related to the expectations of others

A main method to overcome physical separation as a barrier to communication is: a. the formation of nonhierarchical working relationships through new information technologies b. to develop an awareness of gender specific differences in conversational style c. to eliminate the use of acronyms in technical terminology d. to increase the use of face-to-face communication

d. to increase the use of face-to-face communication

As a supervisor, you decide you need to communicate with several of your employees about below standard or unsatisfactory work. Which of the following would be the best way to send your message? a. e-mail b. posted memo on a bulletin board c. a telephone call d. written memo followed by a face-to-face meeting

d. written memo followed by a face-to-face meeting