MARK Chapter 13 and Short Answers

Sears, Target, and Kroger are examples of ________. A) voluntary chains B) retailer cooperatives C) corporate chains D) franchise organizations E) warehouse clubs

corporate chains

________ includes all activities involved in selling goods and services to those buying for resale or business use. A) Wholesaling B) Retailing C) Franchising D) Discounting E) Showrooming

Wholesaling

Home Depot and PetSmart are examples of ________. A) factory outlets B) warehouse clubs C) superstores D) off-price retailers E) category killers

category killers

Tony Pool Chemical Co. purchased 144 buckets of chlorine tablets over the Internet from Chemical Inc. Then Chemical Inc. placed the order with the manufacturer, and the manufacturer then transported the tablets directly to the Tony Pool store. In this case, Chemical Inc. is an example of a ________. A) drop shipper B) truck jobber C) rack jobber D) full-service wholesaler E) cash-and-carry wholesaler

drop shipper

Neighborhood shopping centers are also known as ________. A) power centers B) lifestyle centers C) warehouse clubs D) strip malls E) regional shopping centers

strip malls

Which of the following is the most frequently visited type of retail store? A) convenience store B) department store C) superstore D) supermarket E) off-price retailer

supermarket

What elements comprise a store's atmosphere?

A store's atmosphere includes the sights, sounds, and smells that customers typically associate with the store.

Briefly explain the wheel-of-retailing concept.

According to the wheel-of-retailing concept, many new types of retailing forms begin as low-margin, low-price, low-status operations. Over time, the retailers' success leads them to upgrade their facilities and offer more services; consequently, their costs increase, forcing them to increase their prices. Eventually, these retailers become prey to the new retailers entering the marketplace.

How have shopping centers changed in the past few decades?

Central business districts were the main form of retail cluster until the 1950s. Every large city and town had a central business district with department stores, specialty stores, banks, and movie theaters. When people began moving to the suburbs, however, these central business districts, with their traffic, parking, and crime problems, began to lose business. In recent years, many cities have joined with merchants to revive downtown shopping areas, generally with only mixed success.

How can discount stores sell merchandise at lower prices?

Discount stores sell merchandise at lower prices by accepting lower margins and selling higher volumes.

How can wholesalers improve their use of promotions?

Many wholesalers do not view promotion as a team effort to sell, build, and service major accounts; to address this issue, wholesalers should adopt some of the promotion techniques used by retailers, such as developing an overall promotion strategy and making greater use of supplier promotion materials and programs.

Explain how wholesalers have been able to use technology to cut costs.

Many wholesalers have invested in automated warehouses and information technology systems. Delivery time can be cut as orders are fed from the retailer's information system directly into the wholesaler's. Automated warehouses increase efficiencies and drive down costs, as mechanical devices can automatically pick up items and take them to a shipping platform to be assembled. Wholesalers can also use technology for accounting, billing, inventory control, and forecasting. These computerized, automated, and Web-based systems help wholesalers contain the costs of ordering, shipping, and inventory holding.

How do merchant wholesalers and agents/brokers differ?

Merchant wholesalers "take title to" (or own) what they sell; agents/brokers merely serve as liaisons, bringing buyers and sellers together.

What attracts shoppers to a power center?

Power centers are unenclosed shopping centers that consist of a long strip of retail stores, each store with its own entrance with parking directly in front for shoppers who wish to visit only one store. A power center offers convenience and variety for shoppers.

What constitutes retail convergence?

Retail convergence is the coming together of shoppers, goods, and prices. Customers of all income levels are shopping at the same stores, often for the same goods. Distinctions such as discount store, specialty store, and department store are losing significance.

Describe how nonstore retailing has grown in the past decade.

Though most purchases are still made in stores, more and more consumers are now shopping using a broad range of nonstore alternatives, including mail-order, television, phone, and online shopping. Easy-to-use Web sites, improved online service, and sophisticated search engines have all helped online business grow at a faster rate than retail buying. All types of retailers now use direct and online channels, with traditional brick-and-mortar retailers selling online, along with online-only retailers such as Amazon.com and eBay. Much of the growth in online sales will go to multichannel retailers who provide service both in stores and online.

Why would a producer use wholesalers rather than sell directly to retailers or consumers?

Wholesalers add value by performing one or more of the following channel functions: selling and promotion, buying and assortment building, bulk breaking, warehousing, transportation, financing, risk bearing, providing market information, and giving management services and advice. Wholesalers can perform many channel functions more efficiently and effectively than a producer can, allowing the producer to focus its energies on creating its product.

Explain the marketing decisions faced by wholesalers.

Wholesalers are faced with the marketing decisions of segmentation and targeting, differentiation and promotion, and the marketing mix. Progressive wholesalers are adapting their services to the needs of target customers and are seeking cost-reducing methods of doing business. Faced with slow growth in their domestic markets and developments such as the North American Free Trade Association, many large wholesalers are also now going global.

How do the practices of "high-low" pricing and everyday low pricing differ?

With "high-low" pricing, a retailer charges higher prices on an everyday basis but also has frequent sales and other price promotions; with everyday low pricing, a retailer for the most part avoids sales and instead delivers constant, everyday low prices.

Describe the differences between discount stores and off-price retailers.

A discount store buys at regular wholesale prices but sells standard merchandise at lower prices by accepting lower margins and selling higher volume. Off-price retailers buy at less-than-regular wholesale prices and charge consumers less than retail.

What is a category killer? Provide an example and a description of a category killer.

A category killer is a giant specialty store that carries a very deep assortment of a particular line. They feature stores the size of airplane hangars that carry a very deep assortment of a particular line. Category killers are found in a wide range of categories, including electronics, home-improvement products, books, baby gear, toys, linens and towels, party goods, sporting goods, and even pet supplies.

How does a retailer cooperative function?

A retailer cooperative is a group of retailers that come together to set up a jointly owned, central wholesale operation, and conduct joint merchandising and promotion efforts. Through a retailer cooperative, independents can match the buying and promotion economies of corporate chains.

Which of the following best describes a similarity between Costco and Walmart? A) Both are warehouse clubs. B) Both target the same affluent market. C) Both are specialty stores. D) Both use everyday low pricing. E) Both are examples of merchant wholesalers.

Both use everyday low pricing.

________ and ________ do not take title to goods, and they perform only a few channel functions. A) Full-service wholesalers; limited-service wholesalers B) Brokers; agents C) Industrial distributors; cash-and-carry wholesalers D) Cash-and-carry wholesalers; industrial distributors E) Rack jobbers; off-price retailers

Brokers; agents

________ were the main form of retail clusters until the 1950s. A) Strip malls B) Discount stores C) Independent off-price retailers D) Central business districts E) Regional shopping malls

Central business districts

Describe the differences between chain stores and franchises.

Chain stores consist of two or more outlets that are commonly owned and controlled. Chain stores have the advantage of buying in larger quantities at lower prices and sharing resources to hire specialists to help with decisions in pricing, promotion, merchandising, inventory, and sales forecasting. Franchises are not commonly owned and controlled; instead, a franchise is a contractual association between a manufacturer, wholesaler, or service organization and an independent business person who buys the right to own and operate one or more units within the franchise system.

________ are agents who take physical possession of products and negotiate sales. They deal mostly with agricultural marketing. A) Industrial distributors B) Cash-and-carry wholesalers C) Purchasing officers D) Rack jobbers E) Commission merchants

Commission merchants

________ are two or more outlets that are commonly owned and controlled. A) Corporate chains B) Convenience stores C) Off-price retailers D) Independent off-price retailers E) Power centers

Corporate chains

________ sell standard merchandise at lower prices by accepting lower margins and selling higher volume. A) Merchant wholesalers B) Discount stores C) Full-service retailers D) Limited-service retailers E) Factory outlets

Discount stores

________ are a type of limited-service wholesalers who do not carry inventory or handle a product. They typically operate in bulk industries, such as coal, lumber, and heavy equipment. A) Wholesale merchants B) Industrial distributors C) Cash-and-carry wholesalers D) Rack jobbers E) Drop shippers

Drop shippers

________ are manufacturer-owned and operated stores which offer prices as low as 50 percent below retail on a wide range of mostly surplus, discounted, or irregular items. A) Category killers B) Factory outlets C) Specialty stores D) Superstores E) Power centers

Factory outlets

________ are retailers that offer sales assistance because they carry more shopping goods about which customers might need information. A) Self-service retailers B) Full-service retailers C) Off-price retailers D) Limited-service retailers E) Specialty-service retailers

Limited-service retailers

How have department stores responded to increased competition by specialty stores and lower-priced discounters?

Many department stores have added promotional pricing to meet the threat; in addition, they have stepped up the use of store brands and single-brand "designer shops" to compete with specialty stores. Department stores are also trying mail-order, telephone, and Web selling.

________ are the largest group of wholesalers. They include two broad types: full-service wholesalers and limited-service wholesalers. A) Brokers B) Manufacturer sellers C) Manufacturers' agents D) Merchant wholesalers E) Selling agents

Merchant wholesalers

________ have filled the ultra low-price, high-volume gap by buying at less-than-regular wholesale prices and charging consumers less than retail. A) Off-price retailers B) Specialty stores C) Convenience stores D) Chain stores E) Supercenters

Off-price retailers

________ are huge unenclosed shopping centers consisting of a long strip of retail stores, including at least one large, freestanding anchor store like Walmart. Each store has its own entrance with parking directly in front for shoppers who wish to visit only one store. A) Shopping malls B) Power centers C) Superstores D) Chain stores E) Regional shopping centers

Power centers

________ perform a role similar to that of brokers or agents but are part of the buyer's organization. A) Truck jobbers B) Merchant wholesalers C) Purchasing officers D) Rack jobbers E) Cash-and-carry wholesalers

Purchasing officers

________ are wholesalers who serve grocery and drug retailers, mostly in nonfood items. They price the goods, keep them fresh, set up point-of-purchase displays, and keep inventory records. A) Purchasing agents B) Rack jobbers C) Drop shippers D) Cash-and-carry wholesalers E) Manufacturers' agents

Rack jobbers

________ is known as the merging of consumers, products, prices, and retailers. A) Retail conglomeration B) Consumer convergence C) Price merging D) Retail convergence E) Retail clustering

Retail convergence

Retail stores can be classified in terms of several characteristics. Name four of them.

Retail stores can be classified based on the amount of service they offer, the breadth and depth of their product lines, the relative prices they charge, and how they are organized.

________ includes all the activities involved in selling products or services directly to final consumers for their personal, nonbusiness use. A) Franchising B) Retailing C) Brokering D) Wholesaling E) Disintermediation

Retailing

________ is a type of service offered by those retailers who serve customers that are willing to perform their own "locate-compare-select" process in order to save money. A) Limited-service B) Self-service C) Full-service D) Specialty-service E) Wholesaling

Self-service

________ retailers in the United States are growing faster than product retailers. A) Discount B) Merchant C) Service D) Specialty E) Off-price

Service

________ involves using in-store promotions and advertising to extend brand equity to "the last mile" and encourage favorable point-of-purchase decisions. A) Ambush marketing B) Shopper marketing C) Bait-and-switch advertising D) Affinity marketing E) Narrowcasting

Shopper marketing

Compare and contrast specialty stores and convenience stores.

Specialty stores carry narrow product lines with deep assortments within those lines. Convenience stores are small stores that carry a limited line of high-turnover convenience goods. The majority of their revenues come from sales of gasoline, cigarettes, and beverages.

What types of products do specialty stores carry? Give an example of a specialty store.

Specialty stores carry narrow product lines with deep assortments within those lines. Today, specialty stores are flourishing. The increasing use of market segmentation, market targeting, and product specialization has resulted in a greater need for stores that focus on specific products and segments. Some examples of specialty stores are Radio Shack and REI. Students' examples may vary.

________ are facing slow sales growth because of slower population growth, increased competition, and the rapid growth of out-of-home eating. A) Warehouse clubs B) Off-price retailers C) Discount stores D) Supermarkets E) Factory outlets

Supermarkets

What are the different types of off-price retailers?

The three main types of off-price retailers are independents, factory outlets, and warehouse clubs. Independent off-price retailers either are independently owned and run or are divisions of larger retail corporations. A factory outlet is an off-price retailing operation that is owned and operated by a manufacturer and normally carries the manufacturer's surplus, discontinued, or irregular goods. A warehouse club is an off-price retailer that sells a limited selection of brand-name grocery items, appliances, clothing, and other goods at deep discounts to members who pay annual membership fees.

Which of the following is most likely true about shoppers who prefer to shop at "lifestyle centers"? A) They use coupons. B) They prefer upscale stores. C) They prefer indoor shopping locations. D) They rarely dine out in expensive restaurants. E) They are motivated by deals on last year's merchandise.

They prefer upscale stores

________ are a type of limited-service wholesalers who carry a limited line of semiperishable merchandise (such as milk, bread, snack foods), which is sold for cash as deliveries are made to supermarkets, small groceries, or hotels. A) Industrial distributors B) Wholesale merchants C) Full-service wholesalers D) Truck jobbers E) Purchasing agents

Truck jobbers

Explain how Whole Foods is able to compete against Walmart.

Walmart owns the low-price position, so other grocery chains such as Whole Foods must position themselves differently. Rather than try to compete directly with Walmart, Whole Foods is positioned away from Walmart. It targets a smaller group of upscale customers and offers them organic, gourmet foods in a cheerful, aesthetically pleasing environment.

________ buy mostly from producers and sell to retailers and industrial consumers. A) Warehouse clubs B) Factory outlets C) Wholesalers D) Discount stores E) Megaretailers

Wholesalers

A(n) ________ does not take title to goods and represents buyers or sellers on a more permanent basis than a broker. A) full-service wholesaler B) industrial distributor C) agent D) retailer E) cash-and-carry wholesaler

agent

The lighting in Jake's Steak Restaurant is dim. The chairs are covered in leather and each table is covered with a white linen cloth. The colors are limited to earth tones with an occasional splash of red. Patrons cannot hear any kitchen noises, only a pleasant melody that seems familiar but unrecognizable. The smells are extraordinarily varied. This is a description of the restaurant's ________. A) promotions B) target C) atmosphere D) services mix E) product assortment

atmosphere

A(n) ________ brings buyers and sellers together and assists in negotiations. A) agent B) broker C) retailer D) wholesaler E) industrial distributor

broker

Which of the following wholesaler's channel functions is exemplified by buying in carload lots and then dividing these lots into small quantities? A) warehousing B) transportation C) risk bearing D) bulk breaking E) selling and promoting

bulk breaking

Which of the following is NOT a type of off-price retailer? A) independent B) factory outlet C) warehouse club D) category killer E) wholesale club

category killer

Which type of store carries a deep assortment of a particular product line, has knowledgeable staff, and can be viewed as a giant specialty store? A) category killer B) convenience store C) factory outlet D) warehouse club E) off-price retailer

category killer

A ________ contains between 15 and 50 retail stores, including a department or variety store, a supermarket, specialty stores, professional offices, and sometimes a bank. A) community shopping center B) neighborhood shopping center C) strip mall D) regional shopping center E) power center

community shopping center

A ________ is a small store, located near a residential area, that is open long hours seven days a week and carries a limited line of high-turnover goods. A) convenience store B) chain store C) department store D) supermarket E) hypermarket

convenience store

7-Eleven, Stop-N-Go, and Circle K are examples of ________. A) department stores B) convenience stores C) category killers D) specialty stores E) supermarkets

convenience stores

In recent years, service differentiation among retailers has ________. A) increased at a steady rate B) decreased C) stayed the same D) increased exponentially E) tripled

decreased

Which type of store carries a wide variety of product lines and has been squeezed in recent years between more focused and flexible specialty stores on the one hand and more efficient, lower-priced discounters on the other? A) warehouse clubs B) department store C) factory outlet D) merchant wholesaler E) category specialist

department store

Big and Tall Men's Shop carries men's clothing in larger sizes; this allows the store to ________ other stores. A) align itself with B) differentiate itself from C) cluster with D) affect the store atmosphere of E) converge with

differentiate itself from

The early ________ cut expenses by offering few services and operating in warehouse-like facilities in low-rent, heavily traveled districts. A) department stores B) hypermarkets C) discount stores D) supermarkets E) full-service retailers

discount stores

Cabela's stores are as much natural history museums for outdoor enthusiasts as they are retail outlets. This information indicates that Cabela's is practicing ________. A) wholesaling B) nonstore retailing C) shopper marketing D) experiential shopping E) showrooming

experiential shopping

Which of the following statements best represents a contractual association between a manufacturer, wholesaler, or service organization and independent businesspeople who buy the right to own and operate one or more units in the system represented by the contract? A) corporate chain B) franchise C) voluntary chain D) retailer cooperative E) warehouse club

franchise

McDonald's, Subway, and Pizza Hut are all examples of ________. A) voluntary chains B) retailer cooperatives C) franchises D) category killers E) power centers

franchises

At Neiman Marcus, a first-class department store, customers shop for high-end products and they are assisted in every phase of the shopping process. Neiman Marcus is a ________. A) self-service retailer B) limited-service retailer C) full-service retailer D) specialty store E) superstore

full-service retailer

Which type of retailer is most likely to require its employees to focus most on assisting customers as they shop? A) self-service retailer B) full-service retailer C) off-price retailer D) limited-service retailer E) convenience retailer

full-service retailer

Which type of retailer usually carries more specialty goods at high prices and is more likely to provide customers with assistance in every phase of the shopping process? A) self-service retailer B) limited-service retailer C) full-service retailer D) independent retailer E) off-price retailer

full-service retailer

An ideal price policy scenario for retailers would be to achieve ________ while charging ________. A) low volume; high markups B) low volume; low markups C) high volume; high markups D) high volume; low markups E) high volume; zero markups

high volume; high markups

Macy's department stores carry a wide range of product lines, including clothing, jewelry, kitchenware, and home furnishings. Macy's typically charges a relatively high markup, but also holds frequent sales and price promotions, in particular offering discounts to customers who use a Macy's credit card. Macy's uses ________. A) self-service retailing B) experiential retailing C) high-low pricing D) everyday low pricing E) retail convergence

high-low pricing

Which of the following is most likely gained by stores that cluster together? A) decreased competition B) increased customer pulling power C) compliance with franchise agreements D) creation of retailer cooperatives E) standardization of the service mix

increased customer pulling power

Which type of wholesaler sells to manufacturers rather than to retailers? A) industrial distributor B) full-service wholesaler C) cash-and-carry wholesaler D) wholesale merchant E) limited-service wholesaler

industrial distributor

Today's large, progressive wholesalers have successfully reacted to rising costs by ________. A) relocating to low-rent, low-tax areas B) investing in information technology systems C) investing less money in expensive machinery D) reducing their markup rates E) reducing promotional activities

investing in information technology systems

A small, open-air mall with upscale stores, convenient locations, and nonretail activities, such as a playground, skating rink, hotel, dining establishments, and a movie theater, is an example of a(n) ________. A) regional shopping center B) lifestyle center C) community shopping center D) franchise E) power center

lifestyle center

Carey David's wholesale company helps retailers train salesclerks, improve store layouts and displays, and set up inventory control systems. According to this information, which of the following wholesaler's channel functions is provided by Cary David? A) buying and assortment building B) selling and promotion services C) risk bearing services D) marketing information E) management services and advice

management services and advice

What is the most common type of agent wholesaler? A) wholesale merchant B) industrial distributor C) limited-service wholesaler D) manufacturers' representative E) truck jobber

manufacturers' representative

Touch-screen kiosks, handheld shopping assistants, interactive dressing-room mirrors and virtual sales associates are all examples of how retailers use technology to ________. A) maintain inventory costs B) send information between stores C) meet consumers' expectations D) produce more accurate forecasts E) interact with suppliers

meet consumers' expectations

With their size and buying power, ________ can offer better merchandise selections, good service, and strong price savings to consumers. A) convenience stores B) franchises C) megaretailers D) power centers E) lifestyle centers

megaretailers

Specialty stores carry ________ with ________ within them. A) only convenience products; shallow assortments B) narrow product lines; deep assortments C) narrow product lines; shallow assortments D) wide product lines; shallow assortments E) wide product lines; deep assortments

narrow product lines; deep assortments

A ________ generally contains between 5 and 15 stores. It is close and convenient for consumers, usually contains a supermarket, perhaps a discount store, and several service stores such as dry cleaner, drugstore, and hardware store. A) regional shopping center B) community shopping center C) neighborhood shopping center D) warehouse club E) factory outlet

neighborhood shopping center

Overstock.com, a Web seller that buys furniture, clothing, electronics, and more from a variety of producers at less-than-regular wholesale prices and then charges customers less than retail, is a(n) ________. A) specialty store B) off-price retailer C) factory outlet D) wholesale club E) category killer

off-price retailer

Which of the following is NOT one of a wholesaler's channel functions? A) financing B) risk bearing C) transportation D) off-price retailing E) bulk breaking

off-price retailing

Many retailers are now experimenting with limited-time shops that let them promote their brands to seasonal shoppers and create buzz in busy areas. Which of the following terms best represents such shops? A) power centers B) strip malls C) pop-up stores D) category killers E) lifestyle centers

pop-up stores

Target recently opened temporary shops to celebrate limited-run collections by Jason Wu in Toronto and Missoni in New York. These temporary shops are examples of ________ A) lifestyle centers B) pop-up stores C) warehouse clubs D) strip malls E) category killers

pop-up stores

Springfield, a convenience store, has recently begun to redesign and restock its stores to offer a more upscale environment with products such as house wines and fresh foods. This information indicates that Springfield has most likely changed its ________. A) positioning B) price strategy C) service level D) corporate identity E) organizational structure

positioning

Daizy's is a shop which carries only plus-size clothing. According to this information, Daizy's differentiates itself from its competitors based on ________. A) service mix B) pricing C) product assortment D) store atmosphere E) distribution strategy

product assortment

Press conferences, speeches, store openings, special events, newsletters, and store magazines are examples of ________ activities used by retailers to promote themselves. A) public relations B) sales promotions C) personal selling D) affinity marketing E) social marketing

public relations

You own a neighborhood grocery store and would like to have non-food items delivered, priced, displayed and inventoried by a wholesaler. You do not want to purchase title to the goods. Which type of wholesaler best fits your needs? A) cash-and-carry wholesaler B) rack jobber C) drop shipper D) mail-order wholesaler E) agents and brokers

rack jobber

A ________ contains from 50 to 100 stores, is like a covered mini-downtown, and attracts customers from a wide area. A) community shopping center B) neighborhood shopping center C) central business district D) regional shopping center E) strip mall

regional shopping center

Which of the following would be considered a service retailer? A) factory outlets B) supermarkets C) jewelry stores D) restaurants E) gas stations

restaurants

As a result of the great success of corporate chains, many independent stores choose to band together in either a voluntary chain or a(n) ________. A) factory outlet B) retailer cooperative C) wholesale club D) warehouse club E) convenience cooperative

retailer cooperative

In-store demonstrations, displays, sales, and loyalty programs are examples of ________. A) direct marketing B) sales promotion C) public relations D) personal selling E) affinity marketin

sales promotion

Which of the following wholesaler's channel functions is demonstrated when a wholesaler's sales force helps a manufacturer to reach many small customers at a low cost? A) bulk-breaking B) selling and promoting C) buying and assortment building D) risk bearing E) rackjobbing

selling and promoting

A large retailer of home improvement and construction products offers "how-to" classes for do-it-yourselfers, featuring instructions on how to complete home improvement projects using products sold at its stores. This is an example of how the retailer has differentiated itself through its ________. A) product assortment B) services mix C) segmentation D) atmosphere E) pricing

services mix

A ________ is a group of retail businesses built on a site that is planned, developed, owned, and managed as a unit. A) warehouse club B) franchise C) shopping center D) supermarket E) hypermarket

shopping center

Which term refers to looking at merchandise at a traditional store and then purchasing the merchandise online? A) pop-up shopping B) wheel-of-retailing C) off-price retailing D) showrooming E) wholesaling

showrooming

GameStop sells only video games and systems, offering a narrow product line with a deep assortment within that line. GameStop is a(n) ________. A) department store B) convenience store C) category killer D) specialty store E) off-price retailer

specialty store

Today, ________ are flourishing due to the increased use of market segmentation and market targeting. A) chain stores B) specialty stores C) superstores D) discount stores E) off-price stores

specialty stores

Most shopping centers are ________. A) strip malls B) regional shopping malls C) community shopping centers D) lifestyle centers E) power centers

strip malls

Which of the following terms best describes a large, low-cost, low-margin, high-volume, self-service store that carries a wide variety of grocery and household products? A) convenience store B) supermarket C) specialty store D) warehouse club E) factory outlet

supermarket

Which type of store is much larger than regular supermarkets and offers a large assortment of routinely purchased food products, nonfood items, and services? A) off-price retailer B) specialty store C) factory outlet D) superstore E) convenience store

superstore

Which of the following wholesaler's channel functions is demonstrated when a buyer receives quicker delivery because wholesalers are located closer than producers? A) financing B) transportation C) buying and assortment building D) warehousing E) risk bearing

transportation

You own a small independent retail store in your neighborhood. You want to offer fresh seafood, milk, and bread in your store. In this case which of the following types of wholesalers will serve you the best? A) truck jobber B) independent distributor C) drop shipper D) mail-order wholesaler E) manufacturers' agent

truck jobber

A ________ is a wholesaler-sponsored group of independent retailers that engages in group buying and common merchandising. A) voluntary chain B) retailer cooperative C) franchise D) wholesale club E) warehouse club

voluntary chain

Independent Grocers Alliance, Do-It Best, Western Auto, and True Value are examples of ________. A) franchise organizations B) warehouse clubs C) voluntary chains D) category killers E) wholesale clubs

voluntary chains

Which of the following is an off-price retailer that sells a limited selection of brand-name grocery items, appliances, clothing, and other goods at deep discounts to members who pay annual membership fees? A) warehouse club B) service retailer C) convenience store D) hypermarket E) superstore

warehouse club

Which of the following wholesaler's channel functions is demonstrated when a wholesaler holds inventories and thereby reduces inventory holding costs and risks of suppliers and customers ? A) financing B) transporting C) buying and assortment building D) warehousing E) bulk breaking

warehousing

According to the concept of ________, new retailing forms often begin as low-margin, low-price, low-status operations to challenge established retailers. Such retailers then become successful, and eventually become like the conventional retailers they replaced. A) ambush marketing B) flash sales C) wheel-of-retailing D) warehousing E) product life cycle

wheel-of-retailing