MASTER SET

barroco

"Although its origin is unclear, "Baroque" may have come from the Portuguese word '_______,' meaning an irregularly shaped pearl." --Gardener :)

Sala della Pace

"Chamber of Peace" Room with the fresco cycles of Lorenzetti

Purse Cover

"Hold the wealth" Clasp on bottom Hinges on top Symmetrical Cloisse Interlacing - Scythian - suggests trade Eagles eating ducks, dogs?

Sedes sapientiae

"Seat of Wisdom" Virgin Mary holding Baby Jesus serene Romanesque

De Stiji

"The Style" in Dutch - abstract - goal = utopian ideals/harmony

white men

"This is America" Picture - all ________ _________

Virgo Virginium

"Virgin Mother of God, happy because of the divine child, receive the votive offerings of your Uta of ready servile"

hammurabi's code made of_____

"an eye for an eye", basalt

necropolis

"city of the dead" (most extensive = Saqqara and Gize)

Canaletto

"little canal" - because from Venice - creates many vedute

Torah

(Judaism) the scroll of parchment on which the first five books of the Hebrew Scripture is written

Resurrection

(New Testament) the rising of Christ on the third day after the Crucifixion

Ascension

(New Testament) the rising of the body of Jesus into heaven on the 40th day after his Resurrection

Thor

(Norse mythology) god of thunder and rain and farming - Hammer

representational

(ex: realism, naturalism (grotesque realism), illusionism (play on reality), ideal (perfect)

Baroque

* elaborate an extensive ornamentation in decorative art and architecture that flourished in Europe in the 17th century

terrain

* the landscape, especially considered with regard to its physical features or fitness for some use

pretiola

*"little arm"; named for the appearance of arms folded in prayer

gigue

*A lively piece of music in the style of a dance, typically of the Renaissance or baroque period, and usually in compound time.

poussinistes

*Admirers and imitators of Poussin; thought his mastery of drawing composition and emotional restraint were superior

rocaille

*An artistic and literary style, developed from the baroque, characterized by complex and elaborate ornamentation. System of decoration derived from rock-work, ornamented with pebbles and shells found in follies and, especially, grottoes, often associated with water, fountains, cascades, etc.

Caravaggism

*Artists who imitate various features of the style of Caravaggio, for instance his tenebrism and his methods of bridging the gap between the fictive world of the painting and the real world of the spectator.

Counter-Reformation (Catholic Reformation)

*Series of measures that the Catholic Church took in the 1540s to counterattack against the Protestants, including a thorough examination of doctrines and practices and an emphasis on instruction of the young and of all Christians.

rubenistes

*admirers and imitators of Rubens. This group found greater value in Rubens's use of color, rich textures, and highly charged emotions

Churrigueresque

*popular baroque style in Spain in the 18th century, named after the family, elaborate sculptural architectural ornament which emerged as a manner of stucco decoration and was used up to about 1750, marked by extreme, expressive and florid decorative detailing, normally found above the entrance on the main facade of a building.

verisimilitude

*the appearance of being true or real

discalced

*without shoes; barefoot; a religious order wearing no shoes

Henri-Carter Bresson

-Founder of Magnum in 1947 -Created the idea of the "Decisive Moment" -All 35 mm photography was influenced by him -Believed in the psychology of photography. He refused to consider photographs as aesthetic objects. Said, "the difference is the act of seeing from the craft of moving." -Known for catching something in the moment -Photograph of him making a charcoal from a picture of himself -Seville, Spain - children playing - captured through a hole

Dorothea Lange

-Hired by WPA to capture the conditions of people in the Dustbowl during the Great Depression -Migrant Mother - at migrant pea pickers' camp in Nipomo, CA - the family seems to be completely destitute - most famous picture oriented to mother's face dominates the composition -Young Migratory Mother, originally from Texas was a natural photographer in the truest sense because she lived, in her words, "a visual life." She could look at something: a line of laundry flapping in the wind, a pair of old, wrinkled, work-worn hands, a bread-line, a crowd of people in a bus station, and find it beautiful. Her eye was a camera lens and her camera--as she put it--an "appendage of the body." During her last illness, as a friend sat near her bed, she suddenly said to him "I've just photographed you." She had engaged in this camera-less sort of photography for decades, from the time she was a young girl, and it served as both the foundation of her art education and her first apprenticeship. Bored and disillusioned with school, she would often cut class and go walking through her neighborhood, the lower-east side of New York. She would make herself as unobtrusive as possible, and look at things and people. Down-and-outs of the Bowery, bustling marketplaces, the Jewish ladies in their schechtels, or black wigs.

Chartres Cathedral

1 of 7 Notre Dames - North Star of Big Dipper of Notre Dames Rose window stone - no tracery Left tower - later style; right tower - earlier style Black Madonna - weeps at center times of year - behind altar tripartide Relic = Virgin Mary's shroud

Stavelot Reliquary

1154 triptych jeweled - inlay columns Corinthian and painted silver writing on arches reliquaries in middle rounded like Arch of Constantine symmetrical and balanced in threes black velvet cloisonne Roundels tell story of Contantine's dream with vision of cross, baptism, and battle (shown as Crusades) on left and Constantine's mother, St Helena, searching for Jesus's cross, excavating Calvary, and testing its healing powers

rococo, neoclassicism, romanticism

18th Century Art: _____________ (playful) _____________ (balanced and rational) _____________(emotion and remote)

temple in antis

2 columns in entryway

Sarcophagus of Bassus

2 registers divided into niches like post and lintel Julius Bassus = Roman official marble

Augustus Prima Porta

20 BC Early Empire Tiberius Contrapposta style Cupids - family relationship with Venus propaganda breat plate -> Tiberius receiving standard for Patnians -> gods around approval Pax Romana

Stele of Naramsin

2200 BCE: Sargon's grandson; was created to celebrate achievements of individual ruler; hierarchic, registers

Standard of Ur

2300 BCE; poses repeat; horses; profile, mosaic effect; trapezoidal/very small; war and peace depicted

shape

2D=flat or 3D=not flat

Exekias, Suicide of Ajax

2nd bravest fighter in Trojan war; distraught by Achilles honor, not his, preparing to take his life

Uruk vase

3500-3000 BCE; 3 registers; festival

mass/volume

3D (architecture or sculpture) that takes up space

sculpture

3D + subtractive or additive

Hiberno-Saxon, Warrior Lords, Carolingian, Ottonian

4 stages of Middle Ages

sexpartite vaults

6 parts - support without weight

Circus Maximus

6th century BC - Republican Tarquinius Priscus - 5th king chariot/horse races and festivals between Aventine and Palatine hill burned down twice and built stands later spina - down middle factiones - color of chariots - like teams

quadro riportato

A ceiling design in which painted scenes are arranged in panels that resemble framed pictures transferred to the surface of a shallow, curved vault

Umayyads

A dynasty that ruled the Muslim Empire from 661 to 750 and later established a kingdom in al-Andalus

pilgrimage

A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes

pulpit

A raised platform or lectern in a church or chapel from which the preacher delivers a sermon

Beau Dieu

A statue of the resurrected Christ on the trumeau at the Cathedral of Amiens

Book of Kells

About Nativity - "Now this is how the birth of Christ came about" - opening of Matthew's gospel on Christmas Number of full page illuminations Manuscript written and decorated either at Iona or a closely related Irish monastery Like a relic Chi Rho Page Monks worked all day on manuscripts as scribes at scriptorium illuminated manuscript Gospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament together with various prefatory texts and tables. It was created by Celtic monks ca. 800 or slightly earlier. The text of the Gospels is largely drawn from the Vulgate, although it also includes several passages drawn from the earlier versions of the Bible known as the Vetus Latina. It is a masterwork of Western calligraphy and represents the pinnacle of Insular illumination. It is also widely regarded as Ireland's finest national treasure.

Octopus Vase

Again we see compositions of sea life. Here the Octopus's tentacles reach out and around the vessel almost as if it is embracing the piece itself. This emphasizes its large elastic volume. Here the potter has mastered the challenge of the relationship between the painting and the shape of the pot. This pot is from Palaikastro and it differs from the Kamares vessels in choice of color, which is more muted, and this Late Minoan artist reverses the earlier scheme. *Here we see dark on light background.* This scheme will remain the norm in Greece until c. 530 BC. Then we will see light figures emerge on dark backgrounds.

Seleucus

Alexander the Great left Asia Minor, Mesopotamia and Persia; Pergamon also Hellenistic capitol to

Ptolemy

Alexander the Great left Egypt; capitol Alexandria=GREAT Hellenistic center to

Antigonus

Alexander the Great left Macedonia to

St Pierre

All jambs give support for arch Concave entryway Christ enthroned - surrounded by four evangelists

Dadaism

An artistic movement that had a purposely nonsensical name, expressing its total rejection of previous modern art. Cabaret Voltaire created it

humanism

An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. A Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.

Rhyton Bull Cup

Ancient Greek ceremonial drinking vessel with a vase usually in the form of a head generally that of an animal, female, or mythological creature. Opening for the vessel is located behind the bull's horns decorative gold leaf radial design on forehead.

Andokides Painter

Anonymous Painter responsible for the birth of red figure. Copy of Exekias's vase of Achilles and Ajax, but without as much intensity. Amphora on the left know as bilingual vases. These were only produced for a short time.

Judgment of Hunefer before Osiris

Anubis leads him to weigh heart (in jar) - Maat at scale to weigh; Ammit (Eater of the Dead) waits for sign from Thoth (ibis-headed recorder); passes tests and Horus presents him to Osiris, god of the underworld; Nephthys and Isis behind throne; him on top after life

black figure

Archaic Geometry =

Soufflot, Paris Pantheon, Paris, necropolis, St Genevieve

Architect: Title: Located in Downtown ________ -__________ for Voltaire, Braille, and many others -Classical features = porch, columns, friezes, pediment with relief, dome (like Michelangelo's St Peter's) + dome with drum like Bramante's Tempietto -Renovation of the site of the Catholic Church of ______________

Thomas Jefferson, Monticello, United States, Paladdio

Architect: Title: Location: ________________ (Neoclassicism popular here because emphasizing REPUBLIC) -His house -Dome with clerestory, Pediment, Entabulature, Porch with colonnade, balustrade (not really classical) -Latinist, Greek Scholar, Architect = Renaissance man -Studies the Villa and its architect in Rome = _________ - uses his model - modeled after Pantheon

Anthemus of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus

Architects of the Hagia Sophia

St Trophine

Arles -> Provance Roman dwelling Christ enthroned with four evangelists

art deco

Art style of the 1920s and 1930s based on modern materials and repetitive geometric patterns

Durer, Rabbit, HRE

Artist Title: Location:

Calliebotte, Bridge

Artist:

Gauguin

Artist:

Mary Cassatt

Artist:

Renoir, Women and child

Artist:

Toulouse-Lautrec

Artist:

Van Gogh

Artist:

Lichenstein

Artist: "Oh Jeff...I love you, too....but..." Harsh lines/black in hair = sharp contrasts

Basquiat

Artist: 1st a graffiti artist - voice for blacks - then worked iwth Warhol Take off of Mona Lisa

Douglass

Artist: Aspects of Negro Life: From Slavery Through Reconstruction Reoccurring circles (geometric) Demanding freedom from Congress, Emancipation Proclamation Painted for cultural center of Harlem Renaissance KKK on horseback - something to fight for

Calliebotte

Artist: Balcony overlooking Paris

Mapplethorpe

Artist: Beauty of human body Achieved chiaroscuro in photographs

Bacon

Artist: Chimpanzee and grass -> bird of prey in a field After WWI - public figure with cow carcasses around and proper but death around

Hamilton

Artist: Collage - "Just What is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing?" Urban/landscape/random items

Van Der Zee

Artist: Couple Wearing Raccoon Coasts with a Cadillac Shows blacks as strong, proud cultural ethnicity - upper class

Judd

Artist: Creates actual shapes/sculpture Not symbolic - sculpture's objecthood, plexiglass Outside - aluminum and blue plexiglass - evenly spaced rows - no sets of 2's and 3's - not representative

Dix

Artist: Depicts horrors/destruction of war

Sherman

Artist: Dramatic poses in photographs of herself - true emotions - not acting

Pollock

Artist: Drip painter - used strings and glass as well for texture

Monet

Artist: Dutch Landscape

Grosz

Artist: Famous for black and white political cartoons as part of German society after WWI

Smith

Artist: Female body - kinky

Flack

Artist: Female items - perfumes, make-up, etc; pictures arranged - like a still life

Dubuffet, art brut

Artist: Genre = ___________ - work of children/insane - uncontaminated by culture looks like a child drew it - formless - like a jigsaw puzzle

Ueksmann

Artist: Hands with house

Gabo

Artist: Head - Cubist influence - like Brancusi Facial features

Butterfield

Artist: Horse lover - driftwood/wood collected/scrap metal

Goldsworthy

Artist: Is generally considered the founder of modern rock-balancing For his ephemeral works, he often uses only his bare hands, teeth, and found tools to prepare and arrange the materials; however, for his permanent sculptures, he has also employed the use of machine tools

Koons

Artist: Like huge balloons Also moss with flowers - dog

Renoir

Artist: Local scene for dancing

Mary Cassatt

Artist: Mother and Child - beach

Abakanowicz

Artist: No heads - ever The Backs - like a tribal meeting, maybe apes Also did "The Forces of Men"

Behnisch

Artist: Olympic Park in Germany Meant to echo the "alps" - the roofs

Ueksmann

Artist: Puts objects together Photography Untitled "A house with roots"

Pepper

Artist: Sculptor - metal painted with corrosive surface - two things come together - public art

Judd

Artist: Sculptures in Texas desert - Martha, TX - all concrete blocks on land he purchased - enjoyed by visitor/animals

Kruger

Artist: Superimposed text onto photos - advertisements - statements about consumerism

Halley

Artist: True geometric forms in bright colors - little to no meaning

Mendieta

Artist: Uses body to create art in nature

Hanson

Artist: Very realistic humans

Lichenstein

Artist: War paintings - comic book - color schemes Popular during this time Dotting technique = bendary

Rockwell, Willie Gillis

Artist: ____________ Illustrations Covers for Saturday Evening Post/Boy Scout magazines Get public support for war

Giacometti

Artist: bronze, elongated, distorted - Post War Expressionism

Gericault, French Romantic

Artist: First True __________ (Country) ______________ (Genre) He began his career painting Napoleonic military themes. After visiting Rome in 1816-17, he returned to Paris determined to paint a GREAT history painting. He chose the scandalous and sensation shipwreck of Medusa.

Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, HRE, shrine, guilded, Pope, John the Baptist, God the Father, Last Supper, St Anthony, St Paul, St Anthony

Artist: Inside flipped of ______________________ Location: Middle = wood cutting _______ (not made by artist - ________ - paint colored with pigment of ground-up gold; depicts _______, __________ and _________ Bottom = Jesus with 12 people - ______________ - guilded - poly-chrome covered Left = ____________ in desert visited by _________ Right = ____________ tormented by demons

Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, HRE, annunciation, Mary, Baby Jesus, angels, Resurrection

Artist: Inside of _______________ Location: Left = ____________ - prospective with Gothic arches Center = ________ with ____________ - attended by throngs of _______ Right = ____________

Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel, Vatican City, fresco

Artist: Location in Church: City: Media:

Gainsborough, Great Britain

Artist: Location: Family Portrait

Gainsborough, Great Britain

Artist: Location: Highly criticized because light color blue - face washed out because viewer looks at outfit and people commissioned portraits to depict their faces

Donatello, St George, Orsanmichele

Artist: Name: Location:

Donatello, St Mark, Orsanmichele

Artist: Name: Location:

Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, HRE, Christ, John the Baptist, Mary Magdelene, Virgin Mary, John the Evangelist, St Sebastian, St Anthony, lamentation, amputation, tenebrism

Artist: Outside of the ________________ Location: Five Figures in Middle: Left Wing: Right Wing: Base = Virgin Mary, Mary Magdelene, Dead Christ - theme=_____________ - cuts off Christ's legs when open - like an ____________ - patients saw this in hospital __________ - out of darkness body grotesque - realistic - shoulder out of socket, body shrunken

Rubens, cycle, Marie de Medici, The Betrothal, Flanders, Henry IV, Athena, Zeus and Hera

Artist: Part of ______ of ____________ Title: Location: Portrait presented to people for engagement - __________ gazing at portrait __________ whispering to him - goddess of wisdom and war - telling him it's a wise move looking on = _______________- peacock symbol - saying it's a blessed marriage

Rubens, cycle, Marie de Medici, Birth of Marie, Flanders, diagonal, colors, chiaroscuro, dynomism, Flur de Le

Artist: Part of ______ of ____________ Title: Location: baroque because __________, saturated ________, ____________ and __________ ____________ on shield (Bourbons raped by nymphs of Sea God) Mother with crown - one ready for baby

Rubens, cycle, Marie de Medici, Arrival at Marseilles, Flanders, nymphs, Henry IV

Artist: Part of ______ of ______________ Title: Location: 1622-1625 sea ________ making sure the ships arrive safely greeted with open arms by __________

Rubens, cycle, Marie de Medici, Marriage, Flanders, proxy

Artist: Part of ______ of ______________ Title: Location: dog by _______ - another person took the vows

Picasso, Analytical Cubism, Portrait of Daniel Henry Kahnweiler

Artist: Period: Title: Art Dealer

Picasso, Curvilinear Cubism, Guernica

Artist: Period: Title: Created on condition that it will not be exhibited in Spain until after dictator gone Flowing and rounded Spanish Pavilion during World's Fair Response to Fascists bombing during Spanish Civil War Black and white (like newspaper and dramatic) Pieta on left with stigmata on hands Woman with torch = liberty Bulls = brutality Soldier = horse Trampling = chaos People looking for shelter

Picasso, Synthetic Cubism, Mandolin and Clarinet

Artist: Period: Title: Wood scraps; assemblage; sculpt and find different things (not ready-made); space in interior (gaps and holes) - NEW

Lucas Cranach the Elder, Martin Luther, HRE

Artist: Portrait of ____________ Location:

Gericault, Insane

Artist: Portraits of the ________

Delacroix, Lion Hunt

Artist: Title Like Ruben's Flemish Barque version - emotional/dramatic Men turbaned

Goya, Witches Sabbath

Artist: Title _________________ hegoat leading Sabbath (symbolizing Satan) Old women and cats associated with witchcraft Woman from Bogeyman

Alberti, Palazzo Ruccellai

Artist: Title:

Berthe Morisot, Summer's Day

Artist: Title:

Botticelli, Birth of Venus

Artist: Title:

Calliebotte, Rainy Day in Paris

Artist: Title:

Calliebotte, The Floor Scrapers

Artist: Title:

Cezanne, Large Bathers

Artist: Title:

Cezanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire

Artist: Title:

Chardin, Self-portrait

Artist: Title:

Degas, The Absinthe Drinker

Artist: Title:

Degas, the Dance Lesson

Artist: Title:

Dirk Bout, The Last Supper

Artist: Title:

Donatello, Mary Magdalene

Artist: Title:

Donatello, Zuccone

Artist: Title:

Ensor, Christ's Entry Into Brussels

Artist: Title:

Fra Lippi, Madonna and Child with Angels

Artist: Title:

Gauguin, Spirit of the Dead Watching

Artist: Title:

Gauguin, The Green Christ

Artist: Title:

Gauguin, The Yellow Christ

Artist: Title:

Gauguin, Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?

Artist: Title:

Ghiberti, Gates of Paradise

Artist: Title:

Ghirlandaio, Giovanna Tournabuoni

Artist: Title:

Ghirlandaio, Grandfather and Grandson

Artist: Title:

Leonardo da Vinci, The Annunciation

Artist: Title:

Maderno, Facade of St. Peter's

Artist: Title:

Manet, Gare St Lazare

Artist: Title:

Manet, The Execution of Maximilian

Artist: Title:

Monet, Giverny

Artist: Title:

Monet, Woman with a parasol

Artist: Title:

Moreau, Jupiter and Semele

Artist: Title:

Munch, Death in the Sick Room

Artist: Title:

Munch, Puberty

Artist: Title:

Munch, The Scream

Artist: Title:

Munch, The Voice

Artist: Title:

Piero della Francesca, Portrait of Duke and Dutchess

Artist: Title:

Piranesi, Trajan's Column

Artist: Title:

Pisarro, Boulevard des Capuchins

Artist: Title:

Pollaiuolo, Hercules and Antaeus

Artist: Title:

Pollauiolo, Battle of Ten Naked Men

Artist: Title:

Redon, Orpheus

Artist: Title:

Redon, The Cyclops

Artist: Title:

Renoir, Luncheon of the Boating Party

Artist: Title:

Renoir, The Swing

Artist: Title:

Rodin, The Burghers of Calais

Artist: Title:

Rodin, The Thinker

Artist: Title:

Rousseau, Myself

Artist: Title:

Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy

Artist: Title:

Rousseau, The Snake Charmer

Artist: Title:

Seurat, La Grande Jatte

Artist: Title:

Seurat, La Parade

Artist: Title:

Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rouge

Artist: Title:

Uccello, Battle of San Romano

Artist: Title:

Van Eyck, Man in a Red Turban

Artist: Title:

Van Eyck, Marriage of the Arnofini

Artist: Title:

Van Gogh, Bedroom at Arles

Artist: Title:

Van Gogh, Night Cafe

Artist: Title:

Van Gogh, Potato Eaters

Artist: Title:

Van Gogh, Starry Night

Artist: Title:

Van Gogh, Sunflowers

Artist: Title:

Van der Weyden, St Luke Drawing the Virgin

Artist: Title:

Verrocchio, David

Artist: Title:

White, Twisted Tree

Artist: Title:

Manet, The Bar at Folis Beregere

Artist: Title: Artist highlights the electric lighting with the chandelier The man is Gaston LaTouche (Artist's friend) In contrast to the impressionists, Artist loved the color black 19th century saw a rise in consumer goods such as her jewelry

Severini, Visual Synthesis of The Ideal War

Artist: Title: "Effort Maximum" - use all of your effort for war

Carpeaux, Ugolino and sons, Laocoon and Sons, Dante's Inferno

Artist: Title: -Like _______________ - father and sons, wrapped around, serpentine movement, not idealized - Romantic, not Neo-classicism -From ___________________ - distraught so biting fingers - sons think he's hungry and beg him to eat them instead = Hell

Manet, Luncheon on the Grass

Artist: Title: -Two men fully clothed (artist's brother and brother's friend) - modeled for painting -Two women -1 naked (muse in the front), sacred one in background (clothed)

Goncharova, The Apple Pickers

Artist: Title: -sold for 9.8 million in 2007 (record setting) -shows women picking apples - life in Russia -cubist influence

Delarouche, Napoleon Crossing the Alps

Artist: Title: 1850 - more realistic depiction - mule, not horse, cold weather, looking weathered

Kirchner, Self portrait as a soldier

Artist: Title: 1915 Self portrait: documents his fear that the war would destroy his creative powers and symbolizes the reaction s of the artists of his generation who suffered the damage from the war. Sculptural manner with broken, angular lines and short crosshatched brushstrokes. Style became calmer. Unfinished painting on the left background.

Hepworth, Forms in Echelon

Artist: Title: 1938 wood - hole in wood = 1st to do it - creates play on light/air

Newman, Vir Herocius Sublims

Artist: Title: 1950-51 Monochrome background with vertical lines (zips) - extreme form of abstraction of human body Human surrounded by sublime life - discover beauty around them

Rothko, Brown, Blue, Brown on Blue

Artist: Title: 1953 Divergent tendency - edges blurred

Frank, The Cowboy

Artist: Title: 1954 Outside Madison Square Garden Just an ordinary cowboy On a break from rodeo Out of place and very lonely - doesn't belong there

Newman, Stations of the Cross

Artist: Title: 1964 mid-period Series called the Stations of the Cross - after heart attack (14 paintings) - New Testament directly relates to our life

Rothko, Brown and Gray

Artist: Title: 1969 later works - different color palette - somber - only 2 colors

Oldenburg, Spoonbridge and Cherry

Artist: Title: 1st fountain sculpture 52 ft long (across pond) Made with wife

Boccioni, States of Mind: The Farewells

Artist: Title: 1st in trilogy - train station Train leaving and people moving Capturing emotion and color/movement Radio tower = technology of time

Duchamp, Fountain, readymade, R Mutt

Artist: Title: 2nd version (1st mysteriously disappeared) -___________ - forces everyday object to be art Signed "__________" - pseudonym/guy who invented it

Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Artist: Title: 5 prostitutes; primitivism - other cultures (Africa) - masks - in Europe because of imperialism - red light district; different angles of human body; maybe 2 on right male? inspired by Cezanne's Nudes

Daumier, Rue Transnonain, guard, residents

Artist: Title: A _______ was killed in the street, all ___________ in the block were killed by other guards in an attempt to eliminate the culprit (because know the suspect is hiding somewhere). This is meant to shock! - horrific statement of what they did Mother, father, child, grandfather

Duchamp, The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors

Artist: Title: AKA The Large Glass Expresses sexual frustration - woman sighing; bar separating woman from men; machine - chocolate grinder (masturbation); reversal of gender roles - woman on top

Miro, La Lecon de Ski

Artist: Title: Abstract Dark lines/colors/weird background

Ernst, The Horde

Artist: Title: Abstract painter who served in WWI and focused on mentally ill patients Scratched with pencil and then drew forms around that Depicts how he felt after the war

Ingres, Princess de Broglie

Artist: Title: Actual portrait

Klee, Landscape with Yellow Birds

Artist: Title: All watercolor; black background; Australia - birds with jungle vines, cacti, underwater plants, Northern pine trees, shapes outlined with fine white lines

Oppenheim, Luncheon in Fur

Artist: Title: Also known as The Object or the Fur Covered Cup Idea taken from talking to Picasso - could put anything with fur Both attracts and repulses viewer

Stella, Avicenna

Artist: Title: Aluminum paint on canvas - plain and unornamented

Wood, American Gothic

Artist: Title: American Regionalism Dentist and sister Portrayed as an Iowa farmer and daughter Conservative and honest Pitchfork = intimidating/occupation Potted plant = domestic sphere Lancet window = Gothic architecture

Moore, Sea Ranch

Artist: Title: An upscale escape

Orozco, Anglo-America and Hispano-America

Artist: Title: Anglo = conformist society - instructed from young age into specific ideals Joining collective thought; orderly (solid colors); no chaos; barn = good Hispano = violence, military coup, violent uprising, corruption, foreign diplomats intervering with government or taking money, warfare, military betraying people (leaders) Central figure = individualistic spirit - fight and stay self-sufficient

Hopper, Night Hawks

Artist: Title: Artificial lights realistic

Egon Schiele, Self-Portrait Nude

Artist: Title: At the age of 15, his father died of syphilis Very disturbed soul, because crazy Made many grotesque and erotic works of art Schiele went to received an education in art at The School of Arts and Crafts, but with the recommendations of his teachers he was sent to a better school Schiele hated is because it was too conservative Schiele found Gustav Klimt, he was amazed by Schiele's work and would trade them for some of his own He deft school after his 3rd year and founded the New Art Group The artist stares viewer with an anguished expression His body is in an awkward pose Very skinny to the extent you can see his skeletal outline No right hand-possible amputation

Warhol, Campbell's Soup Cans

Artist: Title: Ate a can a day/consumerism 25 cans = # of different kinds

de Kooning, Seated Woman on a Bench

Artist: Title: Attempt to do something different and break away from infuence

Benton, The Ballad of the Jealous Lover of Lone Green Valley

Artist: Title: Based off of folksong - scene playing in song in background of painting - 2 people engaged - he doubts her fidelity and stabs her - realizes his mistake as she dies Swirl = musical clef, American midwest scenes

Christo and Claude, The Gates

Artist: Title: Based on Japanese architecture - torri gates, traditionally constructed at the entrance to Shinto shrines Steel, vinyl, Fabric, Nylon Financed entirely by the Christos, not a penny of grants, city money, or donations - budgeted at $20 million - translates to a lot of collages, drawings, sketches, and models 7,500 gates that framed 23 miles of pathways of Central Park for sixteen days . Each of the gates was sixteen feet high, secured to a heavy metal base and trailing a swath of bright saffron-colored fabric, all of which, together in the wind, created a shimmering river of color Enormously ambitious, logistically staggering, and—by the artists' own admission—gleefully pointless Brought over 4 million visitors from around the world to Central Park

Heartfield, Don't worry - He's a vegetarian

Artist: Title: Because rules and regulations for animals - breech hunting laws (season/restricting killings) Rooster = symbol of France - even more political meaning Hitler is saving animals but killing people

Kahlo, Self-Portrait: Diego y yo

Artist: Title: Before found out of affair with best friend/sister Crying - always thinking of him Hair wild and tangled - choking Diego = extra eyes so wise - because art school

Miro, Shooting Star

Artist: Title: Birds? Not much meaning Creative over painting unclear Uses 1 shape to inspire painting

Brancusi, The Newborn

Artist: Title: Birth/rebirth; egg = perfect and contained possible life forms; egg shape matches infant's head

Beuys, Fat Chair

Artist: Title: Block of actual fat on chair - associate fat with art and material flexible Shaminism - underlining important because rational

Kandinsky, Improvisation 28

Artist: Title: Blueprint for more enlightened/liberated society emphasizing spirituality; cataclysmic event on left (Boats and waves and serpent), paradise on right (couple embracing and sun)

Dali, The Crucifixion

Artist: Title: Body on cross but protruding - not fixed Wife Galla there - may represent Mary Magdelene Over chest board Cubism - cubes and triangles (Christ triangle disconcerting, wife not troublesome)

Lipchitz, The Bather

Artist: Title: Broke continuous form of human body into cubic volumes and planes; treatment of human body

Segal, The Depression Bread Line

Artist: Title: Bronze - hardship of people - suits but still hungry - abrupt change

Grosz, Pillars of Society

Artist: Title: Capitalists, soldiers, intellectual, clerical

Kandinsky, Autumn in Bavaria

Artist: Title: Church - shadowed area = sinful; white = sins forgiven after church; colors set mood

Boccioni, The City Rises

Artist: Title: City of Milan, Italy - center of urbanization/industrialization Movement shows excitement - attracts people

Magritte, The Lovers

Artist: Title: Cloth covering faces; not even part of clothing - unify or separate?

Rauschenberg, Retroactive I

Artist: Title: Collage of images of current events JFK juxtaposed with parachuting astronaut Struggling to come to grips with TV

Millet, The Gleaners

Artist: Title: Collect useful things to them after harvest - straw and seeds

Riley, Conversation

Artist: Title: Color after trip to Egypt - working with other artists

Louis, Where

Artist: Title: Colorfield painting Magma paint (oil and acrylic paint - bright) Empty space Simple composition Color = subject

Kirchner, Street Dresdin

Artist: Title: Colorful, emotional

Brancusi, Endless Column, Romanian

Artist: Title: Column of Infinite PUBLIC ART homage to _________ heroes of WWI Last block = 1/2 - infinite sacrifice Like Trajan's Column (Also Romanian because Daician and both commemorate victory/sacrifice) Restored in 1998, created in 1938

Lipchitz, Man with a Guitar

Artist: Title: Combined with curvilinear and angular shapes

Klimt, Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I

Artist: Title: Commissioned by husband Ferdinand; fabric merges with flesh/background; women don't know how tempting they can be; naturalism; oil and gold leaf

Mukhina, The Worker and Collective Farm Workers

Artist: Title: Commissioned for international fair in Paris Sickle and hammer = unity of worker and farmers (role in society decided by Stalin) under 5 Year Plans - looking west to east

Oldenburg, Lipstick Ascending on Caterpillar tracks

Artist: Title: Common/childhood objects Mix everyday/monumental/absurd objects Commentary on Vietnam War - lipstick, not missile on tank Sexual orientation - took off pump - reconstructed

Gonzalez, Cactus Man

Artist: Title: Compared to Spanish Civil War - anguish - related to Republican cause

Demuth, My Egypt

Artist: Title: Concrete storage elevators from hometown Roof looks small Rays of light with diagonals (like rayonism/constructionism) Egypt = major source of grain

O'Gehry, Guggenheim Museum, deconstructivist. non-rectilinear, chaos, flower

Artist: Title: Constructed in 1997 in Bilbao, Spain, the building is labeled one of the finest examples of ________________ architecture(though Gehry has tried to distance himself from the movement). Indicative of the deconstructivist movement and exemplified in this building are the ________________ shapes(shapes which meet at right angles such as rectangles and squares). The building and the movement are based on concepts such as asymmetry, imbalance, and disorder. Constructed of limestone and titanium, the building looks dramatically different from each angle. Ordered ________, the buildings shapes flow together into the "metallic _______" which tops the building. Within the building, the large atrium acts as the building's center.

Calder, Flamingo

Artist: Title: Contrast of dark/straight building and it Chicago Curvilinear Stabile (abstract and stational) Can walk through it Public art

Courbet, The Stone Breakers, future, past, clogs

Artist: Title: Crushing rocks to be used for road beds As the shoes depict the boy represents the ________, the old man the ______ (wearing _______) Monumental like history paintings of heroes, these common men should also be revered as heroes Social Realism

Malevich, Airplane Flying

Artist: Title: Cubist approach

Van Der Rohe, Villa Tugendhat

Artist: Title: Czech Republic - Jewish villa - Cubist design

Arp, Collage with Squares Arranged According to Laws of Chance

Artist: Title: Dadaists embraced "chance" - spontaneous But none touching one another so not really chance Chance because skeptical of reason during WWII

Ernst, Two Children Threatened by a Nightingale

Artist: Title: Deals with subconscious Implied fear of something unknown

Klimt, Death and Life

Artist: Title: Death - covered by crosses Life - women, man and baby - Circle of Life Death can take people away, but not from their human

Magritte, The Treachery of Images

Artist: Title: Description says at bottom: "This is not a pipe" - it's a painting of a pipe

Gropius, Bauhaus Building

Artist: Title: Dessau Germany; asymmetrical balancing of 3 cubic elements; lots of glass

Dali, The Slave Market with the Disappearing Bust of Voltaire

Artist: Title: Different people form face on bust Like an optical illusion

Severini, Dancer

Artist: Title: Divisionism - mixture of colors - optical illusion

Vlaminck, The River Seine at Chatou

Artist: Title: Divisionist - strong brushstrokes/contrasts of color

David, Coronation of Napoleon, left, church, state, mother, hand

Artist: Title: Divisions like the Oath of the Horatii: ecclesiastical grouped on the right, Imperial court on the ______ Strong statement about the changing relationship between ________ and ________ (latter wins) Napoleon's _______ was not really present and the Pope didn't raise his _______ - because Napoleon crowned himself

Chagall, I and the Village

Artist: Title: Does Christian art with Jewish symbols Moved to Paris - exposed to new movements and mixed them into own style Recurring theme = village (church, no synagogue) - disconnect between it and main subject matter Man looking at cow - connect between agriculture Very nostalgic and inverted

Hoch, Dada Dance

Artist: Title: Does a lot of craft art/feminism "The Excess of Hell falls into the coffers of Pasto Klatt for innocent children for criminals" Right = outlandish (culture of time) vs Left = natural (natural beauty)

Lichenstein, Drowning Girl

Artist: Title: Drowning in tears because of drama with Brad

Latrobe, US Capital

Artist: Title: Drum extended - like St Peter's Extensions of House of Representatives and Senate

Beuys, Teremoto

Artist: Title: Earthquake in Italian Board, typesetting machinery, flag -> earthquake in mountains above Naples

Goya, Third of May, martyrs

Artist: Title: Emotional, diagonal, Romantic - Spanish are portrayed as _________

Louis, Unfurled Series

Artist: Title: Empty space Redefine "finished" painting

de Kooning, Woman I

Artist: Title: Energetic brush strokes, scraped away, series, vigorous

Beuys, Capri Battery

Artist: Title: Energy from lemon - tiny glow like the Mediterranean sun - ecological balance of civilization called into question

Richard Meier, The Getty Center

Artist: Title: Est. 1997, Los Angeles Created to prove the "grays" wrong The natural location was heavily exploited with two ridges at the location defining the two axes around which the center was built. Along the main axis are the galleries and along the other axis are administrative buildings and the getty research center. Was built based around a grid structure, which can be seen in the square shapes many of the buildings have. Materials are concrete and steel, aluminum or travertine clad. Getty was part of a group of architects called the "New York Five" who were also called the "whites" because of their pure outlook on the modernist aesthetic. These "whites" were attacked by the "grays", architects who believed that such an architectural outlook was unworkable and would fail when placed on a large scale. The Getty center disproved that in many peoples' eyes. Was heavily influenced by corbusier. One of goals Meier strives for is finding order in the chaos of life, and his architecture reflects that ideal.

Sheeler, American Landscape

Artist: Title: Expresses feeling about industry No nature/humans

Modigliani, Self-Portrait

Artist: Title: Eyes dark like a mask Dark outline Italian, but worked in France Does a lot of classical nudes Mask-like faces and elongated form

Gilbert, Bowlby Building

Artist: Title: Facade = terra cotta, steel frame Boston - NW Realty Company COmissioned - aka Chamberlain Building

Beuys, How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare

Artist: Title: Face golden and metal plate on foot Whispered meanings of paintings to rabbit - claimed could learn more than humans

Johns, Target with Four Faces

Artist: Title: Faces in hinges; encaustic on newspaper

O'Keefe, Ram's Head White Hollyhock and Little Hills

Artist: Title: Feminist movement

Dali, The Narcissist

Artist: Title: Flower hatching out of egg Two hands - same form - different composition (earthy vs stone) Mythological legend of Narcissus and the origin of the flower

Gorky, Activities on the Field

Artist: Title: For Mural Aviation at Newark Airport From Federal Art Project

Ray, Noire et Blanche

Artist: Title: For Vogue - different cultures - mask from Colombia One of his lovers (Kiki) Oval face - seen as perfect

Venturi, Vana Venturi House

Artist: Title: For the artist's mother penthouse in back; triangle walls; Post-Modern (Classical - gap - like a broken pediment) - Romanesque arch, symmetrical

Benton, Rape of Persephone

Artist: Title: Forcible kidnap man = Pluto/Hades/aging Americans envious of promise of new generation (represented by Persephone) Reflection of ancient Greek story/attempt to get American regionalism popular on international scene (Greek myth/nudes) Scenes of American midwest Flowers in basket (earth = connection to Demeter)

Ernst, Forest and Dove

Artist: Title: Forest behind the artist's house Dove = childlike = him How the war made him feel and how it trapped him Used a knife to create a texture

Calder, Lobster Trap and Fish Tail

Artist: Title: Free movement of sea Commissioned by advisory committee for stairwell in museum

Rivera, Ancient Mexico

Artist: Title: Fresco - ancient Mexican history Aztecs, Spanish conquistadors, war 1/3 part mural

Miro, The Tilled Field

Artist: Title: From far - abstract - not much meaning Same Animals

Southwood and Hawes, Surgery Under Either

Artist: Title: Fumes to use as anasthesia to create a sleep state Physicians in suits

Meyer, League of Nations Palace

Artist: Title: Geneva, Switzerland

Kandinsky, Yellow, Red, Blue

Artist: Title: Geometric elements; blue = coldness, yellow = warmth, red = lively; black and white -> gray = hopelessness; hope-> hopeess -> hope (repetition of emotions)

Rockwell, Four Freedoms

Artist: Title: Gets money for war effort Of speech, of worship, from want, from fear

Heartfield, The Superman Swallows Gold and Spouts Tin

Artist: Title: Gets money, but uses it for war materials

Lawrence, The Migration

Artist: Title: Going north to cities - shape of face - 1 color - little detail

Delacroix, Massacre at Chios, Turkish, religion

Artist: Title: Greece had been under _________ occupation since the 15th century. The national liberation movement of the Greek people against the Turkish oppression started at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1821 a big uprising took place in different parts of Greece. The Turkish government in return took severe measures against the revolting Greeks, it organized Greek pogroms all over the country. In a massacre on the island of Chios, 98,000 Greeks were killed or sold into slavery. Only 2,000 people remained. Becomes Muslims vs Christians - people can fight now because not about nationalism, but _________ - Great Britain and France help Greece

Daumier, Third Class Carriage

Artist: Title: Gridded it to paint it Very crowded

Kaprow, The Courtyard

Artist: Title: Happening - Stays alive as long as people who experienced it are alive Put students on site of his paining - take own perspective/ideas of his art Handed out brooms "Dream girl" climbing "inverse mountain"

Kandinsky, Composition of X

Artist: Title: Happiness of life? People? Musicians? = Unclear Meaning

Courbet, The Painter's Studio, muse, intellectuals, society

Artist: Title: His studio Naked woman = ______ Boy = artist as a youngster or being instructed by him Right = _____________ Left = cross-section of _______ (Orthodox Jewish Rabbi, working class with dogs, plump woman, momentamore (prostitute - likened to Mary Magdelene)

Heartfield, The Meaning of the Hitler Salute: Little Man Asks for Big Gifts

Artist: Title: Hitler really small and like a puppet - not really powerful but getting money and becoming powerful

Muybridge, Handspring

Artist: Title: Idea becomes signature thing in photography

Kosuth, One and Three Chairs

Artist: Title: Ideas/concepts, not materials Influenced by Duchamp Which is the truest chair? Invites speculation

Smithson, Spiral Jetty

Artist: Title: Illustrating the "ongoing dialectic" in nature between constructive and destructive forces 1,500 feet - black rock, salt crystal, and earth spiral - extends into Great salt Lake in Utah Inspired because one day Smithson was driving by and saw some abandoned mining equipment, left there by a company that had tried and failed to extract oil - enduring power of nature and humankind's inability to conquer it Lake recalls both origins of life in salty waters of primordial ocean and the end of life There is an alga that lives in the otherwise dead lake that gives it a red tinge, like blood There are also abandoned oil rigs that dot the lake's shores that are like prehistoric dinosaurs and some vanished civilization The spiral shape is the most fundamental shape in nature (galaxies, seashells, DNA molecules, salt crystals, etc) and is a "dialectical" shape, one that opens and closes, curls and uncurls endlessly - suggests the perpetual coming and going of things

Muybridge, Zoopraxiscope

Artist: Title: Images burned on disk

Orozco, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Artist: Title: In Governmental palace Shows leader of Mexican revolution (first one) - protecting Mexican people; protecting from corruption of church, violent revolution, and Nazism/Communism - Mexico trying to remain true to its original ideals

Millet, Angelus, praying, Thomas Appleton

Artist: Title: In field - _________ - giving thanks to successful harvesting of potatoes Pitchforks to dig potatoes Commissioned by ________________ 1859, patron failed to take position resulting in the painting changing hands multiple times. This eventually led to the practice to artist's families receiving money.

Rauschenberg, Canyon

Artist: Title: Incorporates trash of city

Goncharova, Airplane over Train

Artist: Title: Industrial revolution influence/machine Reinism

modigliani, female head

Artist: Title: Influenced by African Culture Elongation (skinny nose though the African noses are usually wide)

Smith, Hudson River Landscape

Artist: Title: Inspired by journey from New York to Boston Landing (home) Seen from front line like painting Round cloud, RR tracks, rocky terrain, sail boat, windows

Eakins, The Gross Clinic, mother

Artist: Title: Instructing - all in coat and tie Stenographer - taking notes Woman looking away - _________ of physician included a self-portrait, testimony to his personal knowledge of the subject. Eakins studies anatomy, an interest that led him to photography, which he used both as an aid for painting and as a tool for studying the body in motion. He made a number of studies w/ English-born American Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904), a pioneer in motion photography.

Gaudi, Parque Guell

Artist: Title: Intended for Barcelona's Rich - actually used by community - undulating stone and colored msaics

Canova, Cupid and Psyche

Artist: Title: Intended for personal use, pleasure of private collectors. Illustrates the love story of Cupid, Venus's son, and Psyche a beautiful mortal who had aroused the goddesses jealousy. Venus casts Psyche into a deathlike sleep; moved by cupids grief and love for her, the sky god Jupiter take pity on the pair and gives psyche immortality. In this version of the theme (he did 6), Canova chose the most emotional and tender moment in the story, when Cupid revives the lifeless Psyche with a kiss. Here Canova combined a Romantic interest

Saarinen, Dulles Airport

Artist: Title: International; DC

Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash

Artist: Title: Involved in 1st and 2nd waves of futurist movement Repetitive picture to show motion

Ray, Cadeau (Gift)

Artist: Title: Iron - adds nails - like surrealism - unexplainable and creepy Iron and nails together are useless but separate are useful - like man and woman? or is it just nonsensical? Title ironic because wouldn't give this as a gift

IM Pei, Miho Museum

Artist: Title: Japan Created a lot of light with glass

Hepworth, Oval

Artist: Title: Like Brancusi's Newborn Holes and not a human form = this artist

Lehmbruck, Fallen Man

Artist: Title: Like Dying Gaul - Hellinistic After WWI - spirit is broken

Ingres, Grande Odalisque, reclining nude, Turkish harem, contour, Raphael, Parmigiano

Artist: Title: Like Giorgione and Titian- _____________. The artist concedes to the exotic by using an odalisque (woman of a ___________). Ingres believed that _________, which was merely shaded line, was the most important factor in art. This work demonstrates his typical rounded volumes with their rhythmically flowing contours. It also shows the cool, detached quality typical of his works. No definitely lines - body fades into background Borrows the head shape from __________ Small head and slender reflects ___________ - Mannerist style

modigliani, reclining nude with loose hair

Artist: Title: Like Venus of Urbino Pupils in eyes - not focused

Ernst, Ubu Imperator

Artist: Title: Like a collage Abstract No meaning

Picasso, Synthetic Cubism, Glass and Bottle of Suze

Artist: Title: Like a collage - newspaper and construction paper - overlapping and flat

Mondrian, Composition with Gray and Light Brown

Artist: Title: Lines fade; greyer, lighter black lines; equilibrium

Derain, Charing Cross Bridge

Artist: Title: London, 1906; can see individual brushstrokes with space - emphasizes reflection of water

Boccioni, States of Mind: Those Who Stay

Artist: Title: Loneliness Vertical lines to show movement

O'Ghery, Walt Disney Concert Hall

Artist: Title: Los Angeles(1993-2003) Quite similar to the Guggenheim in color and in its use of non-rectiliniar shapes, but also quite unique. Exterior was originally stone, but replaced with metal as a cost saving measure. Metal burned the people across the street in a hotel so it mad to be dull-sanded. Designed without intention of "form follows function." Do not attempt to follow popular values or beliefs. A reaction to postmodernism, and at the same time considered by many to be part of the movement, deconstructivism is concerned with unpredictability. Opposes rationality. Destruction of form, subversion of archetypes. Left: Exterior Right: interior

Leger, Three Women

Artist: Title: Machine age - flat - same face and bodies geometrical (machines) - corruption of machines in cities

Gropius, Gropius House

Artist: Title: Made in US after moved from Berlin - brought international modernism to US - his house

Hanson, Race Riot

Artist: Title: Make people think of problems of world - different because white officers and black victims

Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

Artist: Title: Man moving forward towards future Bronze

Friedrich, Wanderer, behind

Artist: Title: Many of this artist's painting include a person seen from __________ - not about man but what he's experiencing

Bourgeois, Cumul I

Artist: Title: Marble Human from like and different personalities

Bourgeois, Maman

Artist: Title: Marble and bronze For mom (weaver.clever/protective like a spider) Guggenheim Museum

Kahlo, Two Fridas

Artist: Title: Married to David Rivera Autobiography Self-portrait Connected by vein of 2 hearts and hands connected so same person Left = pain of divorce with Diego (heart cut in half) - cut vein with scissors - holding small portrait of Diego on right (Mexican

O'Keefe, Red Canna

Artist: Title: Married to Stieglitz Feminist/flower painter Captured plant essence - painted organic energy Not appearance - more close up

Gonzalez, Woman Combing Her Hair

Artist: Title: Material with space around it - used normal shapes/lines for body

Ernst, l'ange du foyer ou le triomphe du surréalisme

Artist: Title: Monster taking over Bright colors Post WWI

Mondrian, Lozenge Composition with Four Yellow Lines

Artist: Title: More white; not filled in a lot; lines thicker; simplistic style

Balla, The Hand of the Violinist

Artist: Title: Motion and repetitiveness with hands

Rivera, Man, Controller of the Universe

Artist: Title: Mural - state of world in 1930s Lenin in mural but Rockefeller declines Original destroyed but with pictures recreated it Middle = allegory of man - controlling universe Divided - agriculture vs inside of dock (industrialization) - vs pop culture

Klee, Fish Magic

Artist: Title: Muslin glued in center; aquatics and celestial and earthly characters and scratcehd and sanded black paint to reveal glowing drawings; curtain on left = implies mysteries waiting to be unveiled

Stella, Harran II

Artist: Title: Named for circular city in Middle East Part of protractor series

Oldenburg, Typewriter Eraser

Artist: Title: National Gallery played with his dad's eraser as a kid

Bierstadt, Sierra Nevada

Artist: Title: Nature, mountainous, Deer at water, peaceful with light

Homer, Gulf Stream

Artist: Title: Navigating Sharks in foreground

Frank, The Trolley

Artist: Title: New Orleans, 1955 From the Americans Series - photographs that depict American society - all segregated by race and gender

Wright, Unity Temple, universalism

Artist: Title: New structure after burned down - belief of congregation = __________________ (Wright had similar views) Stained glass (nature colors), windows only on roof

Hepworth, Family of Man

Artist: Title: Nine different ones Young girl -> older Last one = ultimate form Influence of religion Plays on air because outside - different noices because bronze

Daumier, First Class Carriage

Artist: Title: Not crowded - men and women together - women can read

Ray, Ingre's Violin

Artist: Title: Objectivity - objects/woman's body

Dali, The Temptation of St Anthony

Artist: Title: On pilgrimage - denounced possessions In desert with Satan tempting him Space = separation from worldly goods and temptation Horse intimidated by him Took reference from Bernini's Pulcini della Minerva (elephants and obelisk)

Duchamp, LHOOQ

Artist: Title: On postcard of Mona Lisa - draws mustachue Title is a French pun

Homer, Snap the Whip

Artist: Title: One room schoolhouse All boys Playful - free, barefoot, leisure In countryside - no industrial obstacles Game - 1 guy spun off until only 1 left

Warhol, Self-portrait

Artist: Title: Only showed important features of face Silk screening

Eakins, The Biglin Brothers Racing

Artist: Title: Organized sports on the rise Good way to compete against enemy nations without killing them - rise of nationalism

Malevich, Black Square

Artist: Title: Outlined in whtie

Kahlo, Self-portrait with Thorn Necklace

Artist: Title: Pain - thorn necklace with blood dripping Hummingbird black and dead 15 - street car accident 35 surgeries - confined to bed Always resurrection - butterflies and dragonfly/flower bed Portraits of pets - cat = bad luck, monkey = devil, pain because no kids

Calder, Braniff Airlines Plane

Artist: Title: Painted jet - died before 4 planes finished - only 2 completed at death Red, blue, yellow, and black - incorporated green because included in Mexican flag and this was a tribute to Mexico

Nevelson, Sky Cathedral

Artist: Title: Painted wood consists of boxes stacked against a wall Each box filled with wooden scraps (moldings, dowels, spindles, and furniture parts) Covered whole artwork with black paint, which unified the composition and obscured the individual objects Assemblage

Nevelson, Royal Tide I

Artist: Title: Painted wood - golden, like a reliquary

Chagall, The Newlyweds

Artist: Title: Pair of newlyweds with Eiffel Tower in background (series) Rooster = symbol for France (along with Eiffel Tower) - where artist fled to Fiddler/farm reference - back to Jewish Town

Klein, Anthropometries of the Blue Period

Artist: Title: Paris - invited artworkers to watch nude female models - painted - laid across paper Never touched paintings - directs only Likes bright blue

Severini, Dynamic Hieroglyph of the Bal Tavern

Artist: Title: Parisian ball during WWI - 1st impression - all a blur - excitement/motion

Brancusi, The Kiss

Artist: Title: Patron = John Quinn Love = one Two hairlines = single arc Vertically separated

Gorky, The Liver is the Cock's Comb

Artist: Title: Peak of achievement/breakaway Supposedly 4 women

White, Capitol Reef

Artist: Title: Phototographer, gelatin, silver white mundane objects

Stieglitz, The Steerage

Artist: Title: Picture of lower class passengers inn bows of ships

Stieglitz, Portrait of O'Keefe

Artist: Title: Pictures of her = reason he lost old wife

Riley, Movement in Squares

Artist: Title: Pioneer in optical art - engages viewer; movement; most black and white Like happenings - viewer experience - playing with art in mind

Segal, The Holocaust

Artist: Title: Plaster bandaging - molds of people - hollow and solid - like person underneath - mostly white, later monochrome, then bronze

Gorky, The Artist and His Mother

Artist: Title: Portrait of Master Bill - early

Modersohn-Becker, Portrait of Rainer-Maria Rikle

Artist: Title: Possible love affair with her; poet wrote a "Requiem for a friend" after she died; big eyes

Severini, Armored Train in Action

Artist: Title: Pro-war for Italy Makes it look peaceful/enticing with colors

Moore, Piaza d'Italia

Artist: Title: Public Greek classic - post and lintel Playful colors

Christo and Claude, Running Fence

Artist: Title: Ran across two counties in northern CA = aesthetic reasons + call attention to link between urban, suburban, and rural spaces Forged a community of supporters - college students, ranchers, lawyers, artists, etc - fence broke down social barriers between these people

Dali, The Madonna

Artist: Title: Reference to Pierro della Francesco's Madonna and child with angels and six saints - stage, hands clasped, architecture and ostrich egg/shell Showed her dematerializing - like atomic bomb on Hiroshima

Magritte, Time Transfixed

Artist: Title: Regular/straight lines of perspective/balance

Balla, Girl Running on a Balcony

Artist: Title: Repetition Motion/Moving Forward

Balla, Street Light

Artist: Title: Repetitive pictures of light

Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, revolution of 1830, Charles X, citizen, Louis-Phillippe, Delacroix

Artist: Title: Responded to the July _____________ against ____________ (king of France 1824-30) and absolutism in France, which finished with serious democratic reforms. As a result the new '_______ king' ____________ was elected and his power was restricted; France became a bourgeois monarchy. Delacroix wrote to his brother, a general: 'Since I have not fought and conquered for the fatherland, I can at least paint on its behalf.' To the left of Liberty, a man wearing a top hat, is ___________ himself. The boy with pistols on the right was perhaps the inspiration for the character of Gavroche in Victor Hugo's Les Misérables. The new king Louis-Phillippe bought the work for 3,000 francs, but never exhibited it.

Le Corbusier, Villa Contemporaine

Artist: Title: Response to mass urbanization - design for utopian city (60 story skyscrapers for rich,, white; poor in block to side) Green park squares divided; 1 transportation hub in the center city

Rockwell, The Problem We All Live With

Artist: Title: Ruby Bridges (6 years old) - going to an all white scool From POV of white mob Tomato tossed Escorted by 4 US marshalls for protection from white mob New Orleans Dresses her in all white (contrast with skin)

Malevich, Knife Grinder

Artist: Title: Russian version of futurism

Boccioni, States of Mind: Those Who Go

Artist: Title: Sadness of people leaving Vertical lines to show movement

Wood, Daughters of Revolution

Artist: Title: Satire; making WWI memorial for veterans Protested using German stained glass Making fun of daughters - German picture in background (Rhine River)

Lehmbruck, Sitzender Jungling

Artist: Title: Seated Youth - in WWI - shows suffering and misery - ater emphasizes depression and suicide

Braque, Violin and Palette

Artist: Title: Simplified forms to focus on all sides; segmented violin mixed creativity and different forms of art

Riley, Fall

Artist: Title: Single perpendicular curve Participation

Klee, Hammarret with its Mosque

Artist: Title: Small town on Mediterranean; translucent planes; abstract; 2 pieces of land paper mounted on light cardboard; upper part = mosque + two towers and gardens

Shimanoto, Hurling Colors

Artist: Title: Smashed cans of paint onto a canvas - laid floor

Turner, The Slave Ship, sick, insurance

Artist: Title: Social and political Abolitionist The ship owner facing a typhoon makes the choice to throw the ______ slaves overboard in hopes of collecting ____________ money (because only get money if lost at sea, not dead on arrival)

Newman, Broken Obelisk

Artist: Title: Steel - pyramid Primal need to create something (Egyptians) Top = current time and hopes and after wars/civil rights/assassinations/equality - disappointment with humanity

Gilbert, Brazer Building

Artist: Title: Steel frame, Boston, fall, terra cotta on cap and shaft, like a trapezoid (wider at top)

Heckel, Weisses Haus in Dangast

Artist: Title: Strong outlines and bright colors reveal his admiration for post impressionist painters van gogh and gauguin. Use color and distorted space to achieve a highly emotive effect.

Christo and Claude, Surrounded Islands

Artist: Title: Surrounded 11 small, human-made islands in the bay (from a dredging project) with 6.5 million square feet of specially fabricated pink polypropylene floating fabric Cost $3.2 million and took three years of preparation to obtain the necessary permits and assemble the labor force Raised money by selling preparatory drawings, collages, models, and works Removed accumulated trash from the 11 islands (to assure maximum contrast between their dark colors, the pink of the cloth, and the blue of the bay) Unfurled the fabric "cocoons" to form floating magical "skirts" around each tiny bit of land Lives on in photographs, films, and books documenting its existence

Ueksmann

Artist: Title: Symbolic Mutation - woman's face with hand

David, Oath of Horatii

Artist: Title: Symmetry - in thirds

Chicago, the Dinner Party

Artist: Title: Take off of Last Supper (13 people) so did 13 place settings on each said (39 in all - for the top 39 most outstanding women in history) + many other women's names on tiles

Delacroix, Death of Sardanapalus, Assyrian, concubines, Lord Byron

Artist: Title: The kind of compositional device that Delacroix uses that was favored by the Romantic artists, is that the strong central focus that becomes blurred or seems to fade at the edges. ___________ King going to commit suicide. Orders _____________ to be murdered as well Romanticism - diagonal, lighting, drama, and emotion Here the artist was inspired by __________'s narrative poem, but the painting does not illustrate the text, instead, he depicts the last hour of the king on a more crowded setting than Byron had described.. Orgiastic destruction replaces the sacrificial suicide found in the poem.

Warhol, Marilyn Diptych

Artist: Title: Through silk screening Happiness of life vs sadness of death

Johns, Map

Artist: Title: Time of change in America (JFK/civil rights)

Arbus, Identical Twins

Artist: Title: Took pics of drarfs and trans-gendered people (unusual) Coleen and Kathleen - corduroy dresses, white dresses and headbands One smiling, one frowning Identical, not not entirely Parallel

Gericault, Raft of Medusa, Louis XVIII

Artist: Title: Toured Italy - saw history paintings - wants to create a different monumental history painting - hot heroic, but horrific __________ = King of France - gave an appointment of the captain of Medusa to an unqualified candidate (political favor) - cargo of 150 passengers to Senegal - should be safe but runs aground before it gets there - typhoon approaching - captain and crew take only lifeboat and leave 150 people on a make-shift raft - cut rope connecting them - float for 13 days - only 15 alive Artist heavily researches the event and displays it on a HUGE canvas

IM Pei, Bank of China

Artist: Title: Tower supposed to look like a bamboo plant

Turner, Rain, Steam, Speed, ship

Artist: Title: Train driven by steam Left = outmoded form of transportation - _______

Rockwell, Girl at Mirror

Artist: Title: Transition between childhood and adolescence Like Puberty by Munch or Girl in Mirror by Picasso Make-up for doll, pics from magazines to look like

Moore, Recumbent Figure

Artist: Title: Uses texture to make curviture Like a landscape on bottom Inspired by Chadmool from Latin America

Marc, The Fate of Animals

Artist: Title: Very abstract shows a distinct departure from the spiritual colorful representations of earlier years - because distressed by WWI depicts the turmoil that the animals are feeling in what looks like a violent and fast paced setting Likely that Marc is in the painting as an animal

David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, Bonaparte, Hannibal, Charlemagne

Artist: Title: Viewer more involved Names on rocks = ___________, ___________ (crossed the Alps to Italy - this person does it during Directory - to expel Austrians - signs treaty), and _______________ (Charles the Great - 1st French Emperor - trying to build a European Empire) Artillery with men in difference Horse reared up disguises shortness

Delacroix, Tiger Hunt

Artist: Title: Visit to Morocco gave him and intense sense of color and the exotic

Turner, Fighting Temeraire Tugged to her last berth to be broken up, Battle of Trafalgar, steam, Industrialism

Artist: Title: Was a 98 gun ship that was significant in the _________________ in 1805 with Lord Nelson (Definitive naval battle between Great Britain and France) The old wooden ship is pulled away as the sun sets (British Navy?) and is pulled by the new, much smaller ________ powered tug (______________) The use of thick paint helps to accentuate the water and sun rays

Nauman, Self-Portrait as a Fountain

Artist: Title: Was a happening (this is a photograph)

Miro, The Farm

Artist: Title: Where he grew up in Barcelona Lots of detail Ladder in a lot of his works Eucalyptus tree - with every part of branch explicitly shown Same animals

Kandinsky, On White II

Artist: Title: White and black combination; many dimensions of white = possibility and opportunity; black = nonexistence and death - cuts through white; silent death/shattering opportunities

modigliani, jeanne hebuterne in a large hat

Artist: Title: Wife Elongated No pupils

Hoch, Da-Dandy

Artist: Title: Women cut out from photos Critiquing Dada Movement

Nevelson, Tropical Garden

Artist: Title: Wood - mysterious shadows/shapes - childhood mysteries Assemblage

Gropius, Fagus Shoe Factory

Artist: Title: Worked with Meyer on it; representative of evolutionary modern architecture; windows; made of slender brick and glass

Beuys, I like America and America Likes Me

Artist: Title: Wrapped in felt in NY - ambulance picked him up - never saw city - gallery with a wild coyote American shrouded in Vietnam War - coyote = enemy - overtime soften or Coyote = Native American; he = European; working together

Christo and Claude, Wrapped Reichstag

Artist: Title: Wrapped the 101-year-old German Parliament building in more than a million square feet of aluminum-colored fabric - just under 100,000 m2 of fireproof polypropylene fabric, covered by an aluminum layer, and 15 km of rope were needed The wrapping began on 17 June 1995 and was finished on 24 June. The spectacle was seen by five million visitors before the unveiling began on 7 July. Originally estimated at $6 million, is now certain to exceed $10 million - The project is to be paid for by the artists, who say they will finance it largely out of the proceeds of the sale of the hundreds of drawings and collages of the wrapped Reichstag they have made since the work was first conceived in the early 1970's. 1995 - there could not be a better moment in history to wrap the Reichstag, if only because of the natural symbolism of unwrapping it now, a chrysalis out of which the new Germany may emerge

O Tanner, Banjo Lesson, music

Artist: Title: _______ = integral par of black culture in 19th Century Older man teaching younger how to play

Goya, Saturn Devouring His Children, Revolutions

Artist: Title: __________ eat their children - those who create it end up being destroyed by it Myth of Titans vs Olympians - Titans knew one of their children would overthrown him - wife puts stone in place of one when ordered to eat them - Saturn barfs up the others

Ingres, Apotheosis of Homer, Charles X, Homer, Iliad, Odyssey, Poussin, Raphael, Apelles, Dante, Vergil, Moliere, Phidius, Shakespeare, lyre

Artist: Title: ____________ commissioned the work so he would be remembered as a great Bourbon Universe crowns ________, Herodotus burns incense, ________ (red) and ___________ (green) are at his feet, Ingres's level of research can be seen in the painting's portrait of __________ which is directly copied from Poussin's portrait now in the Louvre. Ingres wished to compete with ___________ through this painting (it is strongly inspired by the Italian artist's Parnassus) and this artist is to be seen top left (in black and white Renaissance dress), being led by __________ (in a blue cloak). Other figures shown include ________ is also shown being led by _______ as in the former's Divine Comedy(extreme left, behind Poussin) and _________ (greatest playwright of the day - right, by the feet of the personification of the Odyssey). In the large number of figures it gathers, indeed, it is a kind of classical confession of faith. ________ with his hammer, next to Poussin is _______________, next to the Greek poet holding the ______

Warhol, Coca-Cola green bottles

Artist: Title: all different social classes - everyone drinks coke so everyone can relate

Gaudi, Casa Mila

Artist: Title: apartment; undulating stones (wavy) iron work on it; equalibriated; not supported by exterior buttresses but columns going inward

Daguerre, Collection of Fossils and Shells

Artist: Title: arranged - still-life through photograph

Daguerre, The Artist's Studio

Artist: Title: arranged - still-life through photograph

Bonheur, The Horse Fair, anatomy, jockeys, white, dark

Artist: Title: artist is interested in animals, especially horses - studied their ___________ - usually shows _________ on horses _______ horses leading pack - ______ ones following

Graves, Dolphin Hotel

Artist: Title: at Disney; 1990s; capitals shaped like lotus (Egyptian) - also pyramid; dolphins based off of Trajan fountain in Rome

Saarinen, TWA Flight Center

Artist: Title: at JFK Airport - influenced Futurist, Giogre and Fantastic Arch - bird taking flight

IM Pei, East Building

Artist: Title: at National Gallery very square, limestone use of sharp lines

IM Pei, Glass Pyramid

Artist: Title: at the Louvre

Gilbert, Minnesota State Capital

Artist: Title: based after ST Peter's Basilica - 2nd largest unsupported dome in world all marble, monuments all around

Douglass, Noah's Ark

Artist: Title: based on James Weldon Johnson's God and Trombones: Negro Sermons in Verse

Muybridge, Attitudes of Animals in Motion

Artist: Title: bet that there's a point when a horse gallops that all his feet are off the ground - captures motion in photography

Sheeler, River Rouge Plant

Artist: Title: buildings in back, no humans, took photos before (mimicking photos)

Dali, Angelus

Artist: Title: forms, not people male on left, female on right female more aggressive Salvador and father underneath

Graves, Portland Building

Artist: Title: in Oregan Post-modern because fluted columns, trapezoidal capitals; structure - simple and bold

Kollwitz, Woman with Dead Child

Artist: Title: like Pieta/Vesperbilder lost child during WWI

David, Death of Marat

Artist: Title: made into a martyr

White, Barn and Clouds in the Vicinity of Naples

Artist: Title: make barn look important

Dali, The Persistence of Memory

Artist: Title: mountains = childhood amoebia = self-portrait dead tree growing out of man-made object ants eating away at time piece (man-made) clocks inspired by meditating on plate of cheese idea of time = manmade

O Tanner, Thankful Poor

Artist: Title: one of the few African Americans artist/subject matter Thankful for very little meal - thankful to have something

Kollwitz, The Outbreak

Artist: Title: peasants built up fury because years of mistreatment; in front = Black Anna - signaled Attack; connected contemporary event to past (peasant revolt of 1523-24) - background and texture

Hopper, Urban Isolation and Loneliness

Artist: Title: people don't do much because rural Work/sit there

Wright, Falling Water House

Artist: Title: retreat house cantilever extends over waterfall, 3/4 living room = glass walls, local stone, boulder = hearth stone of fireplace

Homer, Breezing Up a Fair Wind

Artist: Title: sailing

Orozco, Dive Bomber and Tank

Artist: Title: six fresco panels - arranged in any order Represent way things are: horrific - suffering caused by war machinery

David, Intervention of the Sabine Women

Artist: Title: stance (repeated in Lady Liberty Leading the People) fasces in backgrond

Daumier, The Washer Woman

Artist: Title: task of society - wash at river

Daumier, The Uprising

Artist: Title: unrest in city

Poussin, Et in Arcadia ego, paradise, death, coffin

Artist: Title: "And I am in Arcadia" or "I am also in Arcadia" Arcadia = ____________ ________ (the ________) is also here (momentamore) Lots of landscape in back

Poussin, Dance to the Music of Time, Janus, coffin, Aurora, Apollo, hours, Baby, hourglass, bubbles, poverty, industry, wealth, poverty, wealth, pleasure, industry, wealth

Artist: Title: -Left = Statue = the 2 headed god ________ - of doorways and new beginnings -Right = _________ (death) -In the sky - ________, ________, and the _______ -______ with ___________ (measures time) and __________ (time is fleeting because burst) -Four people dancing = __________ and __________ try to combine to get ________ - doesn't want to touch ________ - _________ is holding onto __________ - __________ is looking at ________

Poussin, John in Patmos, landscape, Greek

Artist: Title: -Subject matter small in front - rest of it = ___________ -_______ territory

De La Tour, Mary Magdelene, meditating, cross, skull, candle

Artist: Title: -Tenebrism, chiaroscuro, skull, flame -Subject usually depicted __________ or at the foot of the ______ with a _______- reminder of death and mortality -Bright shining _________ = specialty of artist

Courbet, Burial at Ornans, clergy

Artist: Title: -________ on left - bored (with priest) -Right - people there because commitment to deceased - women grieving in back (inequality in society) -Separation of church from society -This work was rejected and he built a Pavilion of Realism on land rented near the Pavilion of Art

Pieter Saenredam, Interior of the Choir of St Bavo's Church Haarlem, Protestant

Artist: Title: 1660 straight up ____________ - no images

Veit Stoss, Death and Assumption of the Virgin, Virgin Mary

Artist: Title: Altar of the ____________

Chardin, The Shuttlecock

Artist: Title: Badminton racket, scissors, mending and sewing

Piranesi, Vatican

Artist: Title: Building, porch, and piazza - Bernini did those Papal apartments Passageway - Hadrian's tomb/fortress for the Popes for safety when Rome is attacked Always painted in black and white

Titian, Bacchus and Ariadne, Ducal Palace, Ferrara, oil on canvas

Artist: Title: Building: City: Media:

Fra Angelico, Annunciation, San Marco, Florence

Artist: Title: Church: City:

Masaccio, Trinita, Santa Maria Novella, Florence

Artist: Title: Church: City:

Leonardo da Vinci, Last Supper, Santa Maria del Grazie, Milan, oil and tempera on plaster

Artist: Title: Church: City: Media:

Signorelli, Damned Cast Into Hell, Orvieto Cathedral, fresco

Artist: Title: Church: Media:

Alberti, Sant Andrea, Mantua

Artist: Title: City:

Giotto, Virgin and Child Enthroned, Florence

Artist: Title: City:

Michelozzo, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, Florence

Artist: Title: City:

Palladio, San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice

Artist: Title: City:

Simone Martini, Annunciation, Siena

Artist: Title: City:

Sir Charles Barry and A Welby Pugin, Houses of Parliament, London

Artist: Title: City: Neogothic, Renovated because fire, towers of gothic church

El Greco, Burial of Count Orgaz, Toledo, Spain, St Thomas, son, handkerchief, forward, heaven, void, earth, peter, trinity, virgin mary, john, souls, saints, canal

Artist: Title: City: Country: Church of __________ (still in original site) Artist's _____ is depicted with a __________ stating his date of birth (8 years old) Artist depicted as the only person who's looking _________ Layers: _________, ________, __________ At Top: St _________, the _________, __________ and _______ the Baptist, as well as other saved ________ Bottom = ______ who've come to assist transfiguration There's a space with a ______ so the soul of Orgaz can be lifted up

Sangallo, Villa Farnese, Rome, Michelangelo

Artist: Title: City: Finished by __________________

Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Allegory of Good/Bad Government in the City/Country, Siena, Palazzo Pubblico, cycle

Artist: Title: City: Location in City: (government building) Good Example of a fresco ________

O'Gehry, Dancing House, Prague

Artist: Title: City: (1992-1996): Originally very controversial as its design contrasted greatly with the art nouveu, baroque, and gothic buildings that surrounded it. Once again attempts to remove rectiliniar forms, as seen in the winding lines and the curved shapes of the buildings, though the windows are rectangular; however this is done to give off the impression of painting frames. The house is created to resemble a pair of dancers. The left tower is made of glass, note the curved columns which support it.

Van der Weyden, Portrait of a Lady, Northern

Artist: Title: Clearly _________ because of headdress

Van Der Rohe, SR Crown Hall

Artist: Title: College of Architecture - infrastructure outside; Parthenon of 20th Century

Ghirlandaio, Birth of the Virgin, Capella Maggiore, Santa Maria Novella, Florence

Artist: Title: Commune: Church: City:

Castagno, Last Supper, Sant'Apollonia, refectory, Florence

Artist: Title: Convent of _____________: Place in convent: City:

Tatlin, Monument of Third International, Russia

Artist: Title: Country: -model of a monumental building, never built -planned to erect in Petrograd (modern day St Petersburg -not enough steel/money available to create -was to house the Comintern ( The third International) international communist organization -represent the aspirations of Russia -compete with the Eiffel tower -400 m (1312 ft) -had same tilt as the earth (23.5) and would have a cube that would house the Comintern and would rotate once a year. A pyramid that would rotate once every 30 days and a cylinder that would rotate once a day

Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, United States, Hudson River, Manifest Destiny

Artist: Title: Country: Artist = ____________ School, American landscape, explored the ongoing interest in the individual's relationship to the land. __________________ - Civilization vs savage (Indian land in West) He believed that even though America didn't have huge monuments or castles, the nature offered its beauty Curvy turn in river Artist sitting on promenade with umbrella sketching painting

Bierstadt, Yosemite, United States, Hudson River, Luminism

Artist: Title: Country: Centers on West Nature = serene, remote, aura with light - no humans _____________ School ___________ -glowing use of light

Constable, The Haywain, Great Britain, countryside

Artist: Title: Country: Peaceful _____________ - looking back to calmer, more serene bucolic life, not current industrialization/urbanization Where he spent some of his youth - reflective of past life in the pond Wagon horse-drawn - no locomotive yet Landscape painter who like others sketched by then completed the work in his studio

Repin, The Barge Haulers, Russia, younger

Artist: Title: Country: harnessed - one in the middle is ____________ - shows that even the young are working

Friedrich, Abbey in the Oak Forest, Germany, Romanticism, monks, coffin, grave, ruins

Artist: Title: Country: Genre: Believed that through the natural landscape one would achieve spiritual revelation One of the first to render land as stark and dead as the theme depicts People are insignificant to the landscape _________ (mimicking tombstones) are carrying a ________ past the open _________ through the abbey church in _________

Gentileschi, Judith Slaying Holofernes, 1612-1613, Italy

Artist: Title: Date: Location: Like Caravaggio's work, but more realistic - got same drapery, maid helping (cap on back portion of head), not too much repulsed; moment when they start to cut head off

Gentileschi, Judith Slaying Holofernes, 1625, Italy

Artist: Title: Date: Location: already severed head - trying to see if they got caught

Jose de Ribera, Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew, 1634, Spain

Artist: Title: Date: Location: focus on face

Rembrandt, Supper at Emmaus, 1648, Holland

Artist: Title: Date: Location: like Caravaggio: two people, one servant, and Christ) leave a space for the viewer at the table no drama (only from light)

Rembrandt, Supper at Emmaus, 1628-1630, Holland

Artist: Title: Date: Location: more intensity - in the moment - like Caravaggio 4 people - Jesus, one person kneeling, one person sitting, and one servant in the back leave a space for the viewer at the table

Jose de Ribera, Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew, 1639, Spain

Artist: Title: Date: Location: real Spanish Baroque was tied up arms and legs and skinned alive feet up

Titian, Isabella d'Este, 20, 60, oil on canvas

Artist: Title: Depicted to look ____ though _____ years old at time of painting Media:

Boucher, Diana Resting after her Bath, hunt, pearls

Artist: Title: Depicts goddess of the ______ Quiver of arrows Praying for hunt ________ - purity - because she shuns all men

Donatello, David, earlier, marble

Artist: Title: Earlier or Later Version? Media:

Donatello, David, later, bronze

Artist: Title: Earlier or Later version? Media:

Fragonard, The Swing, outdoors, shoe, men, pastel, frilly, c

Artist: Title: Enjoys ____________ Throwing up ______ in air Outdoors with 2 _____ - looking up dress (voyeurism) and one manipulating the swing Rococo because _______, ________ (even leaves), reverse ___ (with landscape)

De La Tour, The Card Game

Artist: Title: Flat, black background = 3D figures Playing cards for money Pulling a fast one Waiting on mistress - trying to alert her to trickery

Bernini, David, sling

Artist: Title: Foot out into space Moment when he's about to release ______

Witz, Miraculous Draught of Fish, St Peter, Geneva, Switzerland

Artist: Title: From Altarpiece of ___________ in ____________, ____________

Lorenzetti, Birth of the Virgin, Siena

Artist: Title: From the ______ Chapel

Giotto, Death of St Francis, Bardi, Santa Croce, Florence

Artist: Title: From the ______ Chapel in ___________ City:

Girodet-Triosen, Burial of Atala, Neo-classicism, chastity, Chactas

Artist: Title: Genre: Lighting is Romantic Pure because dressed in white She committed suicide rather than break her oath of ________. Buried by a priest (revival of Christianity) ___________ = Native American in Louisiana (around the time of the purchase - whole fascination with the area) - he buries her in the shadow of the cross.

Gros, Napoleon at a Pesthouse atJaffa, Neo-classicism, plague, architecture

Artist: Title: Genre: Napoleon requested the incident to be recorded- an outbreak of _________ in Near East 1799, Muslim and Frenchmen afflicted, Napoleon visits the pest house, his soldiers cover their noses from the stench, Napoleon touches the wounds (implies he has healing powers) 2 months later Napoleon ordered all plague stricken French soldiers poisoned. This painting was an attempt at damage control. Attention to detail in the ______________ - Moorish

de Chirico, The Nostalgia of the Infinite, surrealism

Artist: Title: Genre: People dwarfed by idea of infinite use of shadow important

Boucher, Vulcan presenting arms to Venus, forge, wife, Aeneas

Artist: Title: God of the ________ - makes weapons Companion = his ______ - making arms for her son, __________ - mortal from a human

Hoch, Cut With the Kitchen Knife Through the Beer-Belly of the Weimer Republic, photomontage

Artist: Title: Good example of what media? Mocking members of Dada Movement Comparing Dada Movement to Max/Lenon movement

Gossaert, Neptune and Amphitrite, sea, wife, conch shell, Fall of Man, Durer, Netherlands

Artist: Title: He is the god of the ______ and she is his _____ privates covered up with _______ Comparable to ______________ by _______ Location:

Poussin, the Rape of the Sabine Women, Romulus, criminals, girls

Artist: Title: History - early Rome - because studied in Italy sculpture by Pollouilo Rome - _________ tries to recruit people to live there - collects _________ - all male - invites closest neighbors to town to celebrate - when people get comfortable, they snatch all the young _______

Clodian, the Invention of the Balloon, French, terracotta, angels

Artist: Title: Hot air balloon introduced by the _______ - commemorates invention ____________(clay) model presented Encircled with little ______ - putti (infants) or full-blown angels

Duccio, Christ Raising Lazarus from the Dead, Maesta, Siena

Artist: Title: It is the main panel of what altarpiece? City:

LeNain, Peasant Dinner, Spanish, genre, Communion

Artist: Title: Like _________ Baroque - detail on texture of clothing, lower part of society ________ - type - used to refer to paintings of the Commoners Kids and woman on outside 2 men and 1 brought in from outside Wine, wine, bread - being brought into _____________

Caravaggio, David with the Head of Goliath, Italy

Artist: Title: Location:

Gentileschi, Personification of Music, Italy

Artist: Title: Location:

Guercino, Aurora, Italy

Artist: Title: Location:

Goya, Family of Charles IV, Spain, perspective, flat

Artist: Title: Location: -Artist with large easel - not looking at what he's painting - his depiction of the royal family - connecting it to Velazquez's painting - but also dissimilarities - no ___________ - ______ - and so are they - cannot be blatantly against them because employed by them -Head of girl turned because not in family yet -Queen looks haughty -King has chest puffed out with military medals

Goya, Third of May, Spain, history, Napoleon, faceless, monk, Christ

Artist: Title: Location: -___________ painting - contemporary event but dramatized -French army in Spain - ___________'s army going through to get to Portugal - to stop trade with GB - they are met with resistance - artist captures moment when Spanish are killing rebel leaders -Soldiers intentionally ________ - what they are, not who they are is important -______ on left - know because tonsure hair cut -Arms out on dead man - martyr like ________ -3 dead people - like Jesus and 2 criminals

Copley, Paul Revere, Great Britain, engraving

Artist: Title: Location: Can only see half his face because wanted to use light to pull attention to tools/trade the family is in -> ____________ (tools, silver/pewter teapot) Classic dress of the time Reflection of vest and sleeve shown on surface

Canova, Cupid and Psyche, Italy

Artist: Title: Location: Deal was she could never see him - sisters got her worried he was hideous so she looks at him while she's sleeping; oil from her candle drips on him and he wakes up and rejects her but he is in love with her

Houdon, Voltaire, France

Artist: Title: Location: Face used later by another artist as a model

Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe, Great Britain, Seven Years War, French and Indian War, tree, Native Americans, The Lamentation, Van Der Weyden, British flag

Artist: Title: Location: History painting could reflect contemporary events General Wolfe died in the ___________ (_________________) - Battle of Quebec He really died under a _______ _____________ fought on the other side of the war - out of place, but depicted to connect to the war Composition suggests _____________ by _____________ with the __________ replacing the cross (same parenthetical composition and limp pose and colors) Wolfe has sacrificed himself for the good of the nation he's a martyr

Gainsborough, Mr and Mrs Andrews, Great Britain, landscape, wealthy, enclosure

Artist: Title: Location: Huge __________ (2/3-3/4 of painting) __________ class - dress She's prissy but stiff - so is bench He's more relaxed - with a hunting gun/dog Productive hay field __________ - kept peasants out and kept animals profitable

Goya, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, Spain, Reason ignored is a sleeping monster

Artist: Title: Location: Los Caprichos = collection of paintings by this artist - images with text Text says, "_______________________" End of 18th century - into 19th century

Joseph Wright, Experiment on an Air Pump, Great Britain, Lunar, bird

Artist: Title: Location: Member of the _______ society - see the moon outside the window Man controlling light coming in ______ looking like it might die - pumping air out - creates a vacuum - now letting it in and observing the bird - girl upset at bird's fate

Hogarth, Gin Lane, Great Britain, regulation, public house, coffin, hung, coffins, riot, bone, child

Artist: Title: Location: Message: Look at what happens without _________ Problem in GB - alcoholic spirit there - drunk between shifts Movement to get regulation of consumption by Parliament ___________ crumbling, sign post is a ________ Man ______ in window Two wooden _________ on street ____ in street Man and dog sharing a ________ Woman with alcohol sprawled with _______ falling over staircase - black marks on leg Guy at bottom of stairs - skin and bones - still has alcohol

Greze, The Village Bride, Great Britain, arranged, father, dowry, advice

Artist: Title: Location: Not an ________ marriage - bourgeoisie class Boy talking to ________ of girl - has ________ in hand to pay to boy Girl getting ________ from women

Copley, Watson and the Shark, Great Britain, Havana, Cuba, slave

Artist: Title: Location: Off the coast of _________, _________ Actual event Rescue - people trying: stabbing shark /pulling him in Shark out of darkness Man vs nature The person actually saving him is a ________ with a rope - he is the same height as the white men - shows equality

Labille-Guiard, Self Portrait with two pupils, France, female, noticeability

Artist: Title: Location: Portrait bust of father in background - besides that, all ________ Late 1785 Aristocratic (dress) - depicted in class Easel, pallet, straight edge About female role - females evolving to ___________

Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia's Jewels, Great Britain, civic, maternal, children, Tiberius, Gaius, die

Artist: Title: Location: _________ virtue, ____________ dedication to her 3 children - didactic Friend visits with jewels - Cornelia says her _____________ are her jewels Roman dress/story 2 sons = _____________ and ___________ - tribunes - try to initial legislation for universal grain price and a Roman colony of Carthage - _____ while trying to reform (Classical Kennedys)

Richard Boyle, Chiswick House, Great Britain, Villa Rotunda, basement

Artist: Title: Location: designed after ________________ in Venice by Palladdio Stairs added later - keeps symmetry Built on ___________ (above ground) - but where they cooked, etc - villa above Pediment, entabulature, Corinthian columns, dome - Classical

Caravaggio, Crucifixion of St Peter, Italy, upside down, tenebrism

Artist: Title: Location: 1600-1601 crucified _________ - men in back pulling him up crouching person like entombment because Pontormo very intense darkness - _________ - (signature of artist) people dressed like working class

Caravaggio, Conversion of St. Paul, Italy, Spirit, reds, greens

Artist: Title: Location: 1601 capturing moment at which he is struck by a force - reception of the _______ and converts to Christianity off to side = someone managing the horse artist likes to use ______ and ________

Caravaggio, Death of the Virgin, Italy, dramatic, light, criticized

Artist: Title: Location: 1605-1606 Baroque because __________ - curtain pulled back maneuvers ______ to focus on them: Virgin Mary dead and not saint-like and holy - bloated and pale (used a drowned victim as a model) - highly ______________ - because not idealized as a saint

Guido Reni, Aurora, Italy, dawn, Apollo, rose-petaled, hours, Cupid

Artist: Title: Location: 1613-1614 Goddess of _____ - 1st light Every day, _______'s chariot pulls in sun - she pulls back darkness with ____________ fingers 12 people = the ______: Horai = 12 hours in a day then 4 watches of 3 hours at night little ______ with torch - lighting torch that lights it The Dance -= reappear

Velazquez, Water Carrier of Seville, Spain

Artist: Title: Location: 1619 focus on texture less wealthy people fabric tattered goblet of water handed to boy jugs emphasized - texture - crude form of a potter's wheel - as much detail as on people in picture

Rembrandt, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp, Holland, scientific revolution, dissecting

Artist: Title: Location: 1632 _________________ = more attention he's ___________ an arm to explain one guy taking notes in the back right = book of Assalyuses Anatomy

Frans Hals, Archers of St. Hadrian, Holland, military, Dutch city

Artist: Title: Location: 1633 this guild is a ______ guild - has equipment background = __________

Velazquez, The Surrender at Breda, Spain, Dutch, left, right, keys

Artist: Title: Location: 1634-1635 conflict between ______ and Spanish - Spanish won but both sides struggled Dutch men on _____ ; Spanish on ______ (because spars up and men higher) Dutch handing _____ to Spanish - did not happen - propaganda Like the Battle of Issus by Altdorfer

Francisco de Zurbaran, St. Francis in Meditation, Spain, skull, texture, rope, clothes

Artist: Title: Location: 1639 holding a ______ - a momentamore (constant reminder of death) can tell location because _______ - more about clothes than face ______ with knots for prayer around waist vow of chastity/poverty/humility = tattered ________ can tell artist because darkness - tenebrism and focus on fabric/texture

Rembrandt, Three Crosses, Holland, engraving, fine lines

Artist: Title: Location: 1653 fourth state dry point _____________ uses ____________ to create rays of light coming down center = Jesus with crown of thorns also two other prisoners being crucified Roman soldiers

Rubens, Elevation of the Cross, Flanders, triptych, diagonal

Artist: Title: Location: 1st major commission _________: center panel = most important wings = extension of things on the _________ chiaroscuro - look at Christ and also struggle of workers to lift cross upright with adult male dog as after thought

Aertsen, Butcher's Stall, Netherlands, donkey, fish, pretzels, mussels, oysters

Artist: Title: Location: Background = man on ______ (Joseph?) Center = 2 _____ crossed (religion) ________ on wall (Communion) _________ and ________ (aphrodisiacs)

Rembrandt, Belshazzar's Feast, Holland, Daniel, pagan, hand

Artist: Title: Location: Baroque because faces and hands of artist from Old Testament - Hebrew writing in Book of _______ moment when the king pays homage to ______ gods - ______ of God comes down and writes on wall Circle of hands in different gestures Chiaroscuro with light Tenebrism Left space for viewer (like Caravaggio) Still-life (like Caravaggio) Foreshortening Lady spilling wine because so shocked - everyone else, too Says "Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin" - God has numbered the days - waiting in balance and comes short - His Kingdom will fall to the Medes and Persians - that night, Darius the Mede took over kingdom

Brueghel the Elder, The Tower of Babel, Netherlands, heaven, tongues, Bruges

Artist: Title: Location: Based on story of Genesis of people trying to building structure to reach ________ - don't finished because struck with different _________ Depicts City of ________ - international city of trade so different languages

Brueghel the Elder, Peasant Wedding, Netherlands

Artist: Title: Location: Big celebration - food, music, people of all ages

El Greco, Laocoon, Spain, Spanish Mannerism

Artist: Title: Location: Bodies elongated - __________________

El Greco, Crucifixion, Spain

Artist: Title: Location: Bodies elongated, brighter pastel color

Caravaggio, Calling of St. Matthew, Italy, light, hand

Artist: Title: Location: C. 1597-1601 _______ source outside work _____ gesture of Jesus - calling to him at tavern - like Sistine Chapel Creation of Man

Massys, Moneychanger and His Wife, Netherlands, headdress, mirror, secular, spiritual

Artist: Title: Location: Can tell its origin because of ________ and ________ showing outdoors The figures are focused on the _________ items (money, navigation tools, etc), not the _________ (Bible, kraft with Communion, Bible, etc)

Mantegna, Camera Picta, Palazzo Ducale, Mantua

Artist: Title: Location: City:

Perugino, Christ Delivering the Keys to St Peter, Sistine Chapel, Vatican City

Artist: Title: Location: City:

Michelangelo, David, Academy, Florence, marble

Artist: Title: Location: City: Media:

Michelangelo, Last Judgement, Sistine Chapel, Vatican City, fresco

Artist: Title: Location: City: Media:

Verrocchio, Colleoni, Campo dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, bronze

Artist: Title: Location: City: Media:

Bramante, Tempietto, St Peter on the Mountain, Rome, Ferdinand and Isabella, Peter, crucified

Artist: Title: Location: City: Patrons: Site where _______ was ____________

Durer, Fall of Man, HRE, Adam, Eve, humours

Artist: Title: Location: Depicts ________ and _______ covered up with fig leaves Snake and apple Adam angered Bodies youthful and ideal - classical Believed then that illnesses were caused by imbalances of four __________ (all depicted in picture) - chloric cat (bile), melancholic elk (black bile), sanguine rabbit (blood), phlegmatic ox (phlegm) Plaque - "Albert Durer made this" (signed it)

Vermeer, Girl with the Pearl Earring, Holland. camera obscura

Artist: Title: Location: Domestic working class Used _________ (Dark room) to capture the image to replicate it

Vermeer, The Milkmaid, Holland, headdress, plain, window, lower

Artist: Title: Location: Dutch because __________ Austere/_____ surroundings _________ on left _______ end of urban dwellers

Caterina van Hemessen, Self-Portrait, Netherlands, woman, chiaroscuro, tenebrism

Artist: Title: Location: First self-portrait of a ________ Did this kind of painting to show off skills and hopefully get a _________ from a patron Techniques: ______________ and ______________ to highlight the palette, brushes, easel, canvas Painted herself painting because females nto accepted in art world Can tell origin because headdress

Vermeer, Artist Painting Poetry and Music, Holland, Netherlands, chandelier, eagle, Hapsburg

Artist: Title: Location: Floor same as woman with balance Artist Music and reading (poem) Top - ceiling with horizntal beams Horizontal scheme in back - map of ____________ and which parts are Protestant and Catholic _____________ not lit - double-edged ______ - symbol of __________ family - lost 30 Years War Curtain bulled back - Baroque drama

Carracci, Flight into Egypt, Italy, lunette, Pope, Mary,

Artist: Title: Location: Foreground, middle ground, and background - gives perspective Joseph, donkey, Mary, and Baby Jesus - main theme _______ for ______'s quarters of _____'s life- two from this artist - both have landscape boat just brought them across river fortress/castle - small-walled town mountains

Carracci, the Butcher Shop, Italy

Artist: Title: Location: Gentleman weighting something with man on floor reading it tools of trade side of kill strung up room at angle so can see everything - flat - foreground man on left = customer like Aertsen's painting - people in background - butcher stuff in front like Moneylenders and Ambassadors because tools present everyday life stuff in front

Durer, Self-Portrait, HRE, tenebrism, chiaroscuro, Christ

Artist: Title: Location: Great use of ____________- and ________________ _______-like because doing the work of God monogrammed and signed his name

Brueghel the Elder, Carrying of the Cross, Netherlands, momentamore, center, mourning of man

Artist: Title: Location: It's a _____________ - remainder of death - reaches all aspects of society Main subject = Jesus carrying cross - depicted hidden in ________ of painting Secondary subject = ____________

Clara Peeters, Still Life with Flowers, Goblet, Dried Fruit and Pretzels, Flanders, religious, wine, bread, pretzels

Artist: Title: Location: Oil on panel Prado, Madrid Dutch = still-life because aware of surroundings _________ because ____ and _______ (Communion) and ________ - made by monks - intertwined - meant to imitate hands of little children wrapped around priests/psalms

Carracci, Loves of the Gods, Italy, academic, mythology, Bacchus and Ariadne, Polyphemus

Artist: Title: Location: Palazzo Farnese 1597-1601 Italian __________ - follows rules of art (composition, placement of figures); most themes = ___________ Central panel - __________________: coming in on chariot with throngs of people __________ - cyclops in lunette quatro riportato - assorted sizes like pictures - different from Sistine Chapel

Van Dyke, Charles I, Flanders, Bernini

Artist: Title: Location: Portrait for model for portrait bust by ________ (lead sculptor of period) - in Italy 3 different views: head-on, left side, and right side (1st mug shot) hand through sash around neck - different color for each one

Canova, Mary Magdelene, Italy, marble

Artist: Title: Location: Religious - all out of 1 block of ________

Gentileschi, Art Personified, Italy

Artist: Title: Location: Self-portrait of the artist - pose mimicked in other artists' works

Caravaggio, Judith Slaying Holofernes, Italy, head, raping, blood

Artist: Title: Location: She and a servant sneak into his tent and cut off his ______ for revenge for _________ her white shirt and pillow red curtain - dramatic tenebrism _______ unrealistic

Durer, Four Apostles/Saints, HRE, Protestantism, Catholic, Peter, Mark, Protestant, Paul, James

Artist: Title: Location: Very subtle statement about significance of _______________ - _________saints (_____ and ______) in the back behind ____________ figures (_______ and ________)

Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights, Netherlands, triptych, Adam and Eve, Garden of Eve, cat, mouse, nude, paired up, fertility, Hell, bird

Artist: Title: Location: What type of object is it? Left: naked people (______________) with God in the _______________ - peaceful except a _____ with a ________ in its mouth Center: All people _____ and ________ and consorting - ring riding horseback (from ancient punishment of adulteresses) Strawberries and peaches = ______________ Fanciful items in background Right = _______ - musical instruments, fires, ear with knife slicing it, body cut in half, harp, male impaled on born, broken violin, lower right corner = pig in nun's habit Big _____ = judge - devouring a human body and disposing of it in a hole; also people barfing out coins near the hole (downfall of greed)

Grien, Witches' Sabbath, HRE, chiaroscuro wood cut

Artist: Title: Location: Witches banned - seen as evil - usually female Night scene - in grove Media: wood cut made with 2 blocks to give depth of color = ___________

Hans Holbein the Younger, The French Ambassadors, HRE, skull, rugs, clothes, missionary

Artist: Title: Location: _______ = anomorph (can't see it head on) intricately designed fabric = French brocade ______ are Persian - give it dimension through geometry tools and instruments of trade Can see wealth/success in ________ - furs satins Person on right may be a ____________, too (more modestly dressed)

Rubens, Assumption of the Virgin, Flanders, Jesus, diagonal

Artist: Title: Location: _______ on ground on _________

Rubens, Romulus and Remus, Flanders, Vestal Virgin, Tiber, wolf, Rome, Romulus, Remus, king

Artist: Title: Location: ________ buried alive because had broken vow of chastity - with Mars - has two kids - put them on Bank of ______ River - they are discovered by a _____ - nurses them - shepherd found them and raised them - built the city of _____ - _______ killed _______ and became the 1st ____

Rembrandt, The Cloth Guild, Holland, fabric, Republic

Artist: Title: Location: ________ on table _________ so people equal

Lucas Cranach the Elder, Nymph of the Spring, HRE, landscape

Artist: Title: Location: _________ prevalent in work

Altdorfer, Battle of Issus, HRE, Alexander the Great, Persians, Turks, moon, sun

Artist: Title: Location: ___________ defeating the _________ (Near East) Now the _______ are invading - it's linking this event to this ancient battle Message: We can defeat them as much as Alexander did back then Symbol of Near East (______ - Islam) - fading out Men charging - Christian Germans West emerging (_____) Greece -> Egypt white - turbans - Turks Over 1/2 of the picture = landscape

Brueghel the Elder, Fall of Icarus, Netherlands, Daedalus, wings, farmer, fisherman, shepherd, ships, rock promenade

Artist: Title: Location: ____________ - father who is put in the labyrinth as a prisoner - observes the flight of birds and collects wax and feathers to make 2 pairs of _______ - tells his son not to go too near the sun or sea, but viamedia (middle way); his sun plays around the falls into the sea (can see his leg) - not central narrative Little details mentioned in story depicted in picture: _________ plowing, _________ fishing, and _________ herding -- none of these people notice him Can tell location because ______ and _____________

Jan Steen, Feast of St Nicholas, Holland, Christmas, switches, gift

Artist: Title: Location: ____________ morning boy pointing at boy crying - because got ___________ girl shying away with doll Dutch - dressed somewhat strictly as Calvinists Grandma in back pulling back curtain with _____ behind it for crying kid

Caravaggio, Entombment, Italy, tenebrism, nun's habit

Artist: Title: Location: ______________ - light focused on body Someone in a _________ - not realistic because no nuns exist at that time

Vermeer, Woman Holding a Balance, Holland, pearls, Last Judgment

Artist: Title: Location: a little higher ranked class some Dutch head-covering DUAL MEANING: weighing ________ (represents weighing purity/soul) ______________ in background

Caravaggio, Self-portrait as Bacchus, Italy, still-life

Artist: Title: Location: appropriate because out a lot and mixes with common men _______ (usually in right of corner) = mark of this artist

Caravaggio, Dinner at Emmaus, Italy, hand, viewer, halo, shells

Artist: Title: Location: balanced and outstanding moment when they realized it's Jesus - after resurrection - 2 disciples - his _____ is over bread and wine space at table for ________ = Baroque characteristic angel/______ in shadow behind Jesus _______ - pilgrims - may be Peter because 1st pilgrim artist because still-life, red and green with white accents

Francisco de Zurbaran, St. Serapion, Spain, clothing, tenebrism, crusades

Artist: Title: Location: can tell location because ________ (folds everywhere in fabric) and intense ________ - white stands out hands subtlely tied up fought in _________ - captured and executed because freeing Christian captives from Moors tied up and disemboweled, stoned, and decapitated pale, limp, and dead more about dramatic impact than what really happened to him *also a different saint of the same name who is martyred in Scotland because Protestant

Reni, Cleopatra, Italy, asp, pharaoh

Artist: Title: Location: chooses to take her own life using an ____ - poisonous snake figs in bowl last ________ - Egypt = Roman providence with Roman governor - wheat for Mediterranean Area Typical female pose of this artist

Gerard ter Borch, The Suitors Visit, Holland, calling

Artist: Title: Location: female greeted by man musicians in back man has come _________ on the woman dog - fidelity

Vermeer, View of Delft, Holland

Artist: Title: Location: landscape blue rooftops

Rubens, self-portrait, Flanders

Artist: Title: Location: lead painter of this location many of the same techniques as in Holland

Velazquez, Juan de Pareja, Spain, Moorish captive

Artist: Title: Location: looks important because collar, velvet, and fine fabrics servant to painter - ______________

Rembrandt Van Rijn, self-portrait, Holland, faces, hands

Artist: Title: Location: loves detail in ______ and _______ multiple self-portraits that are realistic known for portraits

Rubens, Lion Hunt, Flanders

Artist: Title: Location: man vs nature man losing in bottom, man struggling against beast and top diagonal and movement cyclonic color red and white - look at people

Rubens, Abduction of Ganymede, Flanders, Trojan, cup bearer

Artist: Title: Location: many references in literature - most handsome ______ - taken by Jupiter to Mt Olympus by snatching him with eagle while hunting - waits on gods/goddesses as _________ (already had one - Heebee (child of Jupiter and Juno) - Juno hates Trojans

Van Dyke, Portrait of Charles I at the Hunt, Flanders, Henrietta Marie, short

Artist: Title: Location: married to ___________ (Catholic), but he's Anglican Very ______ (doesn't look so in portrait because the background is distant and the horse is bending over) Portrait outdoors as a huntsmen Servants in background with horses

Fra Andrea Pozzo, Glorification of St Ignatius, Italy, Catholic

Artist: Title: Location: more involved - images = __________ moment when he is taken up ceiling fresco 1691-1694

Rembrandt, Night Watch, Holland, parade, chicken

Artist: Title: Location: name is a misnomer - appeared to be a bunch of armed men policing the night - not actually at night - when cleaned it shows that there is light coming through the window - actually gathering for some ______ Guild symbol = hind quarters of a ________ - so female with chicken claws down

Frans Hals, Caterina Hooft and Her Nurse, Holland, cheeks

Artist: Title: Location: portrait artist - easy to recognize her because people have nice, bright, red chubby _______ Until the late 19th century, children dressed like little adults if wealthy

Frans Hals, Jester with a Lute, Holland

Artist: Title: Location: portrait of person with trade

Patinir, Landscape with St Jerome, Netherlands, towns, lion, cave

Artist: Title: Location: this type of painting popular with these people to show off their ________ Can see a ______ in the ______ with the figure (so recognizable)

Judith Leyster, Self-Portrait, Holland, Frans Hals, signature

Artist: Title: Location: thought to be the work of ________ for a while because detail on collar with headdress and gesture when they cleaned it, they found her ___________ like Catherine Van Hemmesen (brushes, easel, no straight tool) or Artemesia Genteleschi self-portrait (allegory painting - palette brush and no multi-brushes)

Gentileschi, Self-portrait, Italy, raped, female

Artist: Title: Location: 1st female self-portraitist recognized as artist in Italy - learned in father's studio - _____ by another student - reported - goes to trial and forced out of town because ________ - difficult to prove you didn't' do something to cause it; Goes to Luca - marries someone and succeeds in artistic career - rape and animosities come out in artwork

Dali, The Woman Looking Out of the Window

Artist: Title: Longing for husband in army Alone Night before = big storm

Duccio, Virgin and Child in Majesty, Maesta, Siena, tempera on wood

Artist: Title: Main panel of _____ Altarpiece ______ Cathedral Media:

Petrus Christus, A Goldsmith in his shop, Eligius

Artist: Title: Man in red - St. __________ - patron saint of goldsmiths

Callot, Miseries of War, 30 Years, politics

Artist: Title: Media = ___________ 24 of these scenes During _________ War - about ________ now - French with Protestant against Habsburgs

Botticelli, Primavera, tempera on wood

Artist: Title: Media:

Degas, Dancer, bronze

Artist: Title: Media:

Leonardo da Vinci, Madonna of the Rocks, oil on wood

Artist: Title: Media:

Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa, oil on wood

Artist: Title: Media:

Raphael, Castiglione, oil on canvas

Artist: Title: Media:

Raphael, Madonna in the Meadow, oil on wood

Artist: Title: Media:

Mengs, Parnassas, ceiling fresco, Albani villa, Rome, Cardinal Albani, Apollo, Muses, Belvedere, Memory, classical

Artist: Title: Media: Building: City: Patron: The title was where _________ and the _________ lived (place of creativity/inspiration) Apollo is posed as ____________ The Muses' mother, Mnemosyne (________), is there Theme, location, composition, and attire are __________

Canova, Pauline Borghese, marble, Galleria Borghese, Italy, Napoleon, reclining Venus, golden apple

Artist: Title: Media: Building: Location: Sister of _________ (patron) - married into Borghese family Presented like a _________________ - holding a ____________ to link her Husband doesn't like it because she's exposed to puts it in a room where people can't see it

Michelangelo, Pieta, marble, St Peter's, Vatican City

Artist: Title: Media: Church: City:

Raphael, Marriage of the Virgin, oil on wood, Milan

Artist: Title: Media: City:

Houdon, George Washington, marble, France, contemporary, neoclassicism, sword, plow, Cincinatus, fasces

Artist: Title: Media: Location: -Lifesize -To portray founding father as perceived -____________ dress -Presentation ____________ - contraposta, side beam -Symbols - ______, ____ share on backside (farmers used this and GW was a gentlemen farmer) -Emblem of ____________ Society on waist - was a Roman hero - patrician who was a farmer and emergency dictator - gave up power when emergency was over and became a farmer again - PERFECT example of leadership -Proscriptive gaze - looking toward future - like Egyptian -Statue presented now in the State Capital of VA with head fitting in frame where pediment breaks -__________ - bundle of sticks representing Roman Republic - Mussolini later tries to resurrect this

David, The Death of Marat, Oil on Canvas, France, Charlotte Chorday

Artist: Title: Media: Location: -One of 12 men - executive part of French government -He is a journalist who is writing pamphlets to keep the spirit of the revolution alive - many incensed -___________________ - stabs him to death with knife - he's in the process of writing in his bathtub because he has a bad skin disease and soaks in tepid water to neutralize the itching -The artist saw the scene and sketched it but paints him looking like a martyr for a cause - very saint-like: glamorized historical painting

David, Oath of the Horatii, oil on canvas, France, Classical, Rome, Horatii, triplets, Roman Republic

Artist: Title: Media: Location: -_________ History - dress -_______ and neighboring town ___________ both have ________ - the two sets decide to fight to the death with each other -They are swearing an oath of loyalty to father (Swear to father = Swear to ___________) - he is giving them swords in return Women shown mournful - depiction of gender = still withering flowers

Hackwood, "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?", black and white jasperward, Great Britain, emblem, slave trade, Suffragettes

Artist: Title: Media: Location: Designed as an ________ for the British Committee to Abolish the ____________ __________ adopt this because see themselves oppressed by society - join in on abolitionist movement

William Blake, Newton, ink and watercolor, Great Britain, creator, universe, logically, cave, protractor

Artist: Title: Media: Location: His version of Isaac Newton, the __________ of the __________ and firm believer that you can explain everything of nature _________ through math In a _____, nude, inscribing the universe using a ___________ - trying to reduce the universe to a mathematical drawing

Joshua Reynolds, Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces, oil on canvas, Great Britain, Grand manner, classical

Artist: Title: Media: Location: Historical or mythical portrait=______________ More ___________ - Roman dress/setting/3 graces Sacrifice to 3 graces Not rococo Burner - she's pouring incense as an offering

Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode, oil on canvas, Great Britain, gallery, religious, reclining nude, steward, unpaid bills, dog, cap

Artist: Title: Media: Location: Wealthy - _________ of their own - _________ paintings with one covered - may be a ____________ obscured by curtain Votives Portrait bust from emperor Wealthy because rug and furnishes _________ with hands up at _________ Hands in moneyless pockets _____ sniffs at _____ in his pocket - he was out all night, she's just up and having tea

Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode, oil on canvas, Great Britain, lawyer, duel, window, arrested, forgiveness, syphilis, wounded

Artist: Title: Media: Location: Wife with another man (the _______ from the 1st painting) Husband comes home and they ______ - lawyer leaves sword and jumps out _______ because husband calling reinforcements - later _______ Wife begging for ___________ - she later dies from _______ Husband fatefully _________ and dies

Hogarth, Enraged Musician, Engraving, Great Britain, street band

Artist: Title: Media: Location: _________ at window - music lesson - screaming at them to go away - they're trying to get money

Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode, oil on canvas, Great Britain, immoralities, marriage contract, lawyer, family tree, noble, mirror, syphilis, ring, dogs

Artist: Title: Media: Location: satirized the ___________ within marriage of the moneyed class Drawing up ______________- _______ and wife ironing out details Husband's father pointing to their __________ - ______ by birth because a knight Husband looking at himself in the ______- has black mark on jaw - sign of ______ Wife has a handkerchief through her ______- not on her hand Two ______ whose collars joined by a chain

Durer, The Knight, Death, and the Devil, engraving, HRE

Artist: Title: Media: Location: 1513 skull = death signature with monogram victorious on horseback Protestant religion escapes from devil

Donatello, Gattamelata, bronze, Piazza del Santo, Padua

Artist: Title: Media: Location: City:

Durer, Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, engraving, HRE, Revelation

Artist: Title: Media: Location: From the Book of _____________ famine pestilence (disease/plague) death war

Durer, St Jerome in His Study, engraving, HRE, lion

Artist: Title: Media: Location: animal because he met a ______ in a cave and befriended him and was not killed by it in the Coliseum

Titian, Feast of the Gods, oil on canvas, Duke of Ferrara, Ducale Palazzo, Ferrara

Artist: Title: Media: Patron: Location: City:

Mantegna, Dead Christ, tempera on canvas, foreshortening

Artist: Title: Media: Technique used:

Daumier, Gargantua, lithograph, pearhead, money, labors, working

Artist: Title: Media: (to be reproduced in newspapers) Monarch = ____________ Giant government Workers putting _______ in baskets - up to him - devours it - getting fatter and fatter of ________ of the __________ class

Chardin, The Bubble Blower, leisure, industrialization

Artist: Title: New ________ time because ________________

De La Tour, The Gypsy, stealing, distracting

Artist: Title: One of them _________ from another while one is ___________ - typical of them

Chardin, House of Cards, drawer

Artist: Title: Open _______ - because his dad made furniture Chiaroscuro means you see the face first Building a house out of cards

Poussin, Self-portrait, gallery

Artist: Title: Paints like a painter - not in action - in a _________ Many students who imitate his work

Donatello, Feast of Herod, Baptismal font, Siena

Artist: Title: Panel from the ___________ at ________Cathedral

Fouquet, Melun Diptych, Et in Sheureleer

Artist: Title: Patron:

Van der Weyden, The Deposition, Louvain Guild of Arches

Artist: Title: Patron:

Chardin, The Cook

Artist: Title: Peeling potatoes

Campin, Merode Altarpiece, patrons

Artist: Title: People on left =

Kirchner, Street, Berlin, Die Brucke

Artist: Title: Period: (Leader of the group In Nurenberg, saw Durer's original woodblocks and decided to become a painter. Influenced by oceanic and african arts. Joined army during WW1 but discharged after suffering a nervous breakdown Strong and implusive images Also labled as "degenerated" by the Nazi Arts were confiscated. Distrubed by news of Nazis' attack on modern act and ban on the exhibition of his works in Germany. Was asked to resign from Berlin academy of arts. Stress led his to destroy most of his works. Committed suicide.) The Bridge moved to Berlin in 1911. Two prostitutes - large feathered hats and fur-trimmed coats. Walks past well-dressed bourgeois men Appeared as artificial and dehumanized figures with masklike faces and stiff gesture. Bodies crowd together but are psychologically distant from one another= victims of modern urban alienation Harsh colors, tilted perspective, angular lines. Believed that social criticism of the ugliness of modern life could lead to a new and better future Alienation within city; bourgeois class; 2 women = prostitutes - only ones talking to eachother

Manet, Reclining Nude, Transition to Impressionism, Olympia

Artist: Title: Period: Also known as: -Compared and contrasted to Titian's Venus of Urbino -Wearing shoes (prostitute) - not wearing shoes = holy -Servant bringing flowers from a man -Black cat = misfortune (not fidelity like a dog) -Expression = stiff -Statement about profession in 19th Century -Diagonal - flattens out behind servant's head - white helps to flatten it - this artist loved to play with dimensions

Canaletto, View of Minister Abbey

Artist: Title: Procession of Anglican Cardinals

Clouet, Francis I, France, da Vinci

Artist: Title: Renaissance King of __________ - brought __________ to his country Painted during the 1st half of the 16th century

LeNain, Family of Country People, Virgin Mary

Artist: Title: Statue of __________ In back - figure - 4th child Family all gathered around Cat and dog

Watteau, Departure to Cythera, paired, statue, overgrown, wistful, Cupid

Artist: Title: Still _________ up _________ facing different way ___________ - almost memorialized Not happy - ___________ _______ is flying away

Lipchitz, Government of the People

Artist: Title: Symbol of Democracy; from Gettysburg Address; mother and father and two kids holding up couple (hope for future) and banner (city seal of Philadelphia)

Signac, Constantinople, pointillism

Artist: Title: Technique:

Fuseli, The Nightmare, British Romantic, incubus, horse, mara

Artist: Title: Type of Painting: -Some theory of psychology at this time -Idea of nightmare comes from the idea of ___________ weighing on young virgin girls - like a monster on abdomen - causes fitful sleep -_______ in background - glaring with eyes out of darkness at incubus - origin of the term nightMARE -______ = evil spirit

Raphael, Galatea, Farnesina, Rome, fresco

Artist: Title: Villa ___________ City: Media:

Van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece, St Bavo, Ghent

Artist: Title: What cathedral is it located in? What city?

Cimabue, Virgin and Child Enthroned, Florence

Artist: Title: Where is it from?

Berlinghieri, Pescia Altarpiece, St Francis, San Francesco

Artist: Title: Who does it depict: What church is it in?

Velazquez, Self-portrait, court, Spanish

Artist: Title: _____ painter of the ________ throne

Watteau, Pilgrimmage to Cythera, misty, Venus, curves, love, c, putti, pastel, pairing

Artist: Title: ______ = mysterious Greek Island where ______ is born More ______ - more playful Rococo Going there for ______ Tree and land = reverse ___ ______s = 's' (Renaissance version of Venus) Mast with ship ______ colors Leaves = delicate and playful All ________ off

Giotto, The Lamentation, Arena, Padua

Artist: Title: ______ Church City:

Canaletto, City View of Venice, Ducal, lion, Romanesque, Gothic, Byzantine, mosaic, body

Artist: Title: _______ Palace Winged _______ Blend of Influences - St Mark's Basilica - ______________ arches, ______________ decorations/dome, ______________ south entrances _______ decoration - color permanent Relic = St Mark's _____ - brought from Egypt during crusades to Venice

Tiepolo, Marriage of Emperor Frederick and Beatrice of Burgundy, female, Pope

Artist: Title: _______ given more detail because family was more wealthy than the Hapsburgs ______ officiates wedding because so important Part of decoration - looks like Ecstasy of San Teresa

Boucher, Leda and the Swan, rococo, baroque, eggs, jupiter

Artist: Title: _________ because playful/lively _________ drapery Lays ______ - Castor, Pollux, Helen of Troy, Clytemnestra The swan = ____________

Claude Lorrain, Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba, landscape, water, building

Artist: Title: __________ - see it first; see subject matter last typical of artist = _____, same __________ in apparent disrepair

Fabriano, Adoration of the Magi, Strozzi, Santa Trinita, Florence

Artist: Title: __________ Chapel Church: City:

Bernini, Fountain of Four Rivers, Borronini, Rio del Platte, Nile, Ganges, Danube

Artist: Title: ___________ = wins commission for facade of church - is competitor of artist Shows four largest rivers: ____________ (looking down at coins with hand up so not looking at building), ___________ (don't now source/head to the man's head is covered so not looking at building), __________, and ___________

Masaccio, Tribute Money, Brancacci, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence

Artist: Title: ___________ Chapel Church: City:

Raphael, School of Athens, Vatican, fresco

Artist: Title: ___________ Palace Media:

Masaccio, Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden, Brancacci, fresco

Artist: Title: ____________ Chapel Media:

Michelangelo, Moses, Pope Julius II, Rome, marble

Artist: Title: ______________ tomb City: Media:

Memling, St Ursula Reliquary, international gothic

Artist: Title: _______________ style

Bernini, Baldacchino, bronze, Pantheon

Artist: Title: altar-covering 90 feet tall completely made of ________ - from ___________ statues Twists and flows Letters = 6 feet tall Look past altar to Cathedra Petri

Poussin, Holy Family on the Steps, Baby Jesus, Virgin Mary, John the Baptist, Elizabeth, Joseph

Artist: Title: architecture - like Veronese People: __________, __________, ____________, and his mother, __________ In the shadows = __________ Geometrically academically accurate

Hyacin the Rigaud, Louis XIV, Philip V

Artist: Title: created in 1701 - was the king in 1648, so he was about 58 years old - not ideally Baroque because red drapery (drama), stage Architecture frames him out Diagonal/pyramidal All the folds Regal/typical clothes Gift for grandson (__________ of Spain) - but decides to keep it for himself because likes it so much

Chardin, the Governess, leisure, school

Artist: Title: hat and brush in hand - giving last minute instructions other holding book _________ items lead path to child and out door - next phase of life - starting _________

Poussin, Bacchanalia, Titian, Bacchus and Ariadne, Bacchus, forest

Artist: Title: like _______'s ______________ Feast of __________ - wild and crazy drunken time Coming into _______ Dance and revelry

Nolde, St. Mary of Egypt Among the Sinners

Artist: Title: lived in desert; making fun of Jesus; found naked by a man who helped her - became a fllower; unnatural colors

Bernini, Ecstasy of St Teresa, Cornaro, altarpiece, holy spirit, balcony

Artist: Title: patron = ___________ family it's an ___________ moment when Teresa received the ____________ - her soul is pierced and she collapses in ecstasy The patron family is watching from the _______ Had been sick for a while, sent to nuns, received the spirit

Sullivan, Carson, Pirie, Scott, and Co. Building

Artist: Title: reconstructed several times - lower stories taller (shops), higher stories shorter (offices)

Nolde, The Last Supper

Artist: Title: religious; everyone wearing a yellow mask, same format as the Pentacost one he did

Canaletto, Arch of Constantine

Artist: Title: triumphal arch in Rome with roundels

Van Der Rohe, German Pavilion

Artist: Title: Bauhous Simple design but good materials - marble, onyx, tinted glass

Richardson, Trinity Church

Artist: Title: Boston; Romanesque characteristics - doorways/windows/stonework

Latrobe, White House Porticos

Artist: Title: Same on both sides

Durer, Melancholia, HRE

Artist: Title: ("Melancholy") Location: hoping for inspiration nothing in happening light through sky - comet flat balance hour glass equal top and bottom - no movement bell not ringing young infant - genius of new idea - lethargic cow = lethargic, too

David, Lavoisier, Wife, Paulze

Artist: Title: Antoine-Laurent __________ and _____ Marie-Anne Pierette __________ discovered law of conservation of mass (chemistry) - the father of chemistry - questions humanity of guillotine - deemed unrevolutionary - arrested and executed - blinked 14 times

Bacon, Crucifixion

Artist: Title: Three Studies for Figures at the Base of the ______________ Picasso/Van Gogh/Velazquez influence Man seated; blindfolded; mouth into neck/ear popping up; mouth too big No cross Changed many times Furies

Palladio, Villa Rotonda, Vincenza

Artist: Title: ____________ (Capra) Near ___________, Italy

Velazquez, Las Meninas, Spain, king and queen, easel, dwarf, court

Artist: Title: _______________ (Maids of Honor) Location: 1656 Artist on left with red cross - (Knight of Santiago) - pallet and brush, painting people reflected in mirror - ____________ giant ______ - makes viewer a part of the painting dog - loyalty people on right watching after the kids _____ = part of entourage - because seen as special enfanta - waiting on her guy in black holding the door open = minister of ______ - gives perspective and places light on diagonal

Brueghel the Elder, Hunters in the Snow, Netherlands, calendar promenade

Artist: Title: _______________ (most probably an art critic title) Location: for a ________ (the month of February) Background has what many works of this location do: rock __________

Piero della Francesca, Enthroned Madonna and Saints, Federico da Montefeltro, oil on wood

Artist: Title: _______________ Adored by ____________ Media:

Gauguin, The Vision after the Sermon

Artist: Title: ______________________ (Jacob Wrestling with the Angel)

Cezanne, Still-life

Artist: What kind of painting is it?

Picasso, Rose, Family of Saltimbanques

Artist: _____ Period: 1905-07 - lighter palette, graceful/delicate; gypsies and acrobats Title: Traveling acrobats; 6th women psychologically uncommunicative

Libeskind, Imperial War

Artist: ________ museum Fire, water, air meant to symbolize both

Libeskind, Jewish

Artist: ________ museum meant to look like the Star of David

Bellini, San Zaccaria, oil, wood, Naples, Lucy, Peter, Catherine, Jerome

Artist: _____________ Altarpiece Media: _____ on ______ (adopted from a visiting artist from ________) Madonna in center with saints beneath a painted shrine Saint from different eras converse with each other: ________ holding her eyes ________ holding the keys ____________ with the palm and the broken wheel _________ with the Bible Outline dissolves in the color

Alberti, Santa Maria Novella, Florence

Artist: ______________ facade City:

Ruisdael, landscapes, Jewish cemetery, Holland, Romantic, above

Artist: most known for his ___________ Title: Location: dark and stormy older building falling apart ________ before his time In Holland, buried ______ ground because at sea level Gnarly tree

Sullivan and Adler, Guaranty Scott Building

Artist: Renaissance; lots of terra-cotta; story = function Title: Each story reflects cunction (lower stories=taller)

Rouault, The Clown

Artist: Title: series; also prostitutes/court life; social structure of the time; stark contrasts (Van Gogh)

Nicola Pisano, pulpit, baptistry, Pisa, marble

Artist: What is it? Where is it in the church? What city is it in? What is it made of?

Giotto, Arena Chapel, Padua, fresco

Artist: (earliest of Renaissance painters - depicts the human form accurately) What is it? City: What is the medium?

Leger, Purism, The City

Artist: _________ - French - abstract cubism -> ________ Title: Synthetic Cubism/Purism - commotion/advertisement (corrupted)

LeBrun, Self-Portrait, Great Britain

Artist: ___________ (Kicked out of Academy; High class portraits; Rescinded from acad) Title: Location:

Wedgewood, Apotheosis of Homer, white jasper, Great Britain

Artist: ___________ (abolitionist) - know it him because white on blue Title: Media: Location: Low relief Background = tent - fire in tomb

Watteau, Signboard of Gersaint, shop sign, halves, shopping, mirror, grain, momentamore

Artist: ___________ (last work he finishes - dies a few weeks later) Title: ______________(art connoisseur (collects it) - 1st art catalog) Was a __________ - sold it in ________ Right side = __________ - upper class Left = looking in __________ - good reflection of where you are in life Below on street = bundle of _______ there (vanitas) ___________- everyone dies

Olmstead, Central Park

Artist: ___________ - Father of landscape architecture; grounds of colleges/World Columbia Exposition; believes public parks should be public Title: _____________ - separate roads for horses, people, cars/each bridge unique - completely redid the landscape

Mondrian, Composition with Yellow, Red, and Blue

Artist: ___________ - Philosophy influence - didn't like irregularities Title: Geometric forms; straight lines (no irregularities), primary colors, harmony in world, no diaganol, liked equilibrium/loose symmetry

Klimt, The Kiss

Artist: ___________ - Symbolist painter - Vienna Succession Movement (Art Nouveau) - organized women form/undulation Title: After feminist movement; may be embracing it or dominated by it; oil and gold leaf on canvas

Roebling, Brooklyn Bridge

Artist: ___________ - brings the concept of wire rope to the US - used on suspension bridges Title: _____________ - first suspension bridge in NY - wire rope does not decay like kemp and cotton

Ball, Karawane

Artist: ___________ - founder of Carbaret Voltaire and Dadaism; German Title: Poem made from nonsense; entertain/criticize

Matisse, La Bonheur de vivre

Artist: ___________ - used color to show expression; divisionist technique (divided with bold lines); friends/rivals with Picasso Title: ______________ (Joy of life) - reclining nudes all over - strong, emphasis of color; divisionist technique = separate blobs of color Like Large Bathers

Heckel, Die Brucke, Franzi Reclining

Artist: ___________ Interested in anti-bourgeois literature and art theory. Served as a medical corpsman in WW1 Nazi labeled his arts as "degenerated". Most works were destroyed. Period: Title: ___________ - hard lines, 1 color, black, white, and red

David, The Intervention of the Sabine Women, France

Artist: ____________ (active through king, republic, directory, Napoleon, and the Empire of Napoleon) Title: ___________ (True Classical history painting of Rome) Location: Courage, commitment, and loyalty to something bigger than self Martyr to cause if dies Romans on right

Brueghel the Elder, The Battle Between Carnival and Lent, Netherlands, Epiphany, Lent, Mardi Gras, Carnival, Lent

Artist: ____________ (important for depicting social history - not much written about everyday people) Title: Location: Carnival = Time between ___________ and _______; translates "Good-bye Meat" - lower class changes roles partly' Last Days of Carnival = __________ with Fat Tuesday - mix animal fat with flour and water (pancakes) Left = _____________ - fat, happy, big keg of beer Right = ____________ - stark, no ornamentation or celebration

Davis, Swing Landscape

Artist: ____________ - -From Philadelphia - studied under Robert Henri in New York from 1909 to 1912 -Combined flat styles of Synthetic Cubism with his sense of jazz tempos and his perception of the energy of fast-paced American culture -Developed Synthetic Cubism after he discovered European Modernism and decided to be more abstract than his previous realistic Ashcan manner -Was politically active in the Artists Union and the American Artists Congress Title: a commissioned mural from Federal Art Project for the Williamsburg Housing Project in Brooklyn, NY - never installed there -Swing music - Davis is a great lover of jazz - drew inspiration for his upbeat style of painting -Mural "swings" - Bouncy yet tightly ordered arrangement of colorful shapes and lines that skip, sguiggle, and clamber across the surface -Embedded within the complex design are representational elements that include ta mast and rigging, a chimney, a yellow house, pulleys, ropes, and a ladder. Combined with the abstract stripes and blocks of color surrounding them, they evoke a waterfront pulsating with the "new light, speeds, and spaces" of contemporary America

Braque, Houses at L'Estaque

Artist: ____________ - Influenced by Fauvist work and Cezanne Bathers - geometry and form Title: Early Cubism - forms of buildings - cubes; browns and greens

Picasso, Blue, Blue Nude

Artist: ____________ - impact of Avant-guarde art -_____ Period - 1901-04 - lonely and depressed over death of friend; poverty, lonely, andn depressed - bblue palette Title: Faces away/depressed

Klee, Twittering Machine

Artist: ____________ - student of orientalism (Middle East/East Asia Cultures) - imitation - influenced by expressionism/cubism/surrealism Title: Influenced by children art - blended biology with machinery; birds on wire connected to a hank crank; sand spectograph or nightmare?, heads = notes; tongues = intensity/volume; bought by Hitler

Arp, The Cloud Shepherd

Artist: ____________ founder of Dada movement - nature (surrealism) Title: Sentiments towards war - disdain for machine/capitalism

Gainsborough, landscape, Great Britain, c, pastel, rococo

Artist: _____________ (Intent to match subject with ____________; Deep interest - more than half the portrait) Location: Inverted _, and _______ colors = _________

Richardson, Marshall Field Store

Artist: _____________ - Neo-Romanesque style - Richardson Romanesque Title: _____________ - arches, actually 7 stories (but looks four because of massive arches); arches = massive panes of glass = more light in building; like a Renaissance villa

Brancusi, Magic Bird

Artist: _____________ - abstract - non-Western (because too much detail in West) - "essence" of subject Title: inspired by ballet - Stravinsky's Firebird - upper part = firebird; below = humans struggling (Sorcerer's assistant

Gilbert, Woolworth Building, Cathedral of Commerce

Artist: _____________ - architecture imitates history and social order - rejected Wright's modernist style Title: Oldest skyscraper in US, gothic style; Frank Woolworth = patron - low-end stores; Nicknamed "_________________" because looks like a church

Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase

Artist: _____________ - brings Dadaism to US Title: controversy; motion by successive images; similarity to Cubism and Futurism

Modersohn-Becker, Self-portrait with Amber Necklace II

Artist: _____________ - died at 31 - finally got pregnant 18 days before died Title: signed with PB - taking credit for it; Gaughin influence (nature, primitive)

Lipchitz, Head

Artist: _____________ - influence of African art; less radical art; response to Cubism Title: 1915 - most abstract phase - influenced by Picasso and head of woman

Tatlin, constructivism, Corner Reliefs

Artist: _____________ - leading artist in _____________ -born in moscow, began career as an icon painter and attended the moscow school of painting -did not always regard himself as a constructivist, disagreed with some of their ideals -major works include counter reliefs and The monument to the Third international Title: Sculpture with unusual items - considered sculture, but constructionist

Davis, Lucky Strike

Artist: _____________ - was a heavy smoker and tobacco products fascinated him - one of several tobacco stills - He insisted that the late 19th-Century introduction of packaging was evidence of high civilization and therefore, he concluded, of the progressiveness of American cult Title: -Cigarette package in fragmented form, reminiscent of Synthetic Cubist Collages, and embedded his painting with an American jazz rhythmically painted, not glued onto the canvas surface -Elements flat, but illusionistically painted, not glued upon the canvas surface -Discontinuation and interlocking planes imbue a dynamism and rhythm not unlike American jazz or the pace of life in a lively American metropolis -Both resolutely American and modern

Hartley, Portrait of a German Soldier

Artist: ______________ - American artist who lived in Berlin in 1914 and was homosexual -became enamored with Karl von Freyburg, a young Prussian lieutenant - described him as "in every way a perfect being - physically, spiritually, and mentally, beautifully balanced - 24 years young..." Freyburg died at the front in October 1914 and it devastated Hartley, who mourned him through painting Title: -Does not literally represent its subject but speaks symbolically of it through numbers, letters, and fragments of Germany military paraphernalia and insignia -Black background = heighten intensity of colors and express a solemn, funereal undertone -Symbolically references Freyburg through his initials ("Kv.F"), his age ("24"), his regiment number ("4"), epaulettes, lance tips, and the Iron Cross he was awarded the day before he was killed. The cursive "E" may refer to Hartley himself, whose given name was Edmund (Stokstad). Gardner says the letter E may represent Freyburg's regiment, the Bavarian Eisenbahn -Seemingly abstract, but its geometric patterns have symbolic meaning ○Black-and-white checkerboard - Freyburg's love of chess ○Blue-and-white diamond pattern - flag of Bavaria ○Black-and-white stripes - historic flag of Prussia ○Red, white, and black bands - flag of the German Empire (adopted in 1871)

Wright, Robie House, cantilever

Artist: ______________ - Praire School of Architecture - architecture in harmony with location - irregular patterns/shapes Title: -_____________ - concrete extension -Straight lines, chimney in center (built around it) -windows deep in brick, roof angled for passive heating, entrance hidden -Dining Room - traditional Japanese architecture - designs go with House - Romantic

Gaudi, Sagrada Familia

Artist: ______________ - Spanish architecture = Catarina Mdernisa Movement; nature undulating Title: Catholic Church - representative of Christ's life; 3 facades (Nativity, Passion and Glory)

Horta, Nouveau, Stairway at Tassal House

Artist: ______________ - had previously worked in Neoclassical form Period: Art ________ - move to nature - reject industrialization Title: Ironwork wraps around - like a vine - reflected on floor

Vlaminck, Sur le zinc

Artist: ______________ - met Derain - studio - studied/showed technique; explosive colors/blunt brushwork Title: prostitute - not detailed realistic - strong outlines/color

Neumann, French, Kaisersaal, Germany, Bovaria, gold, white, framed, crystal, curtains

Artist: ______________ : He is ________ Title: Location: Typical of _________ Rococo because ______ and _______ ________ portraits hand-cut _________ (chandeliers) painting with __________ pulled back

Kandinsky, Improvisation 30

Artist: _______________ - Russian painter (art theorist and art elements represent interest in theosophy; friend of Franz Marc Title: Cannons Wheels/shooting of cannons; crowds of people; church; destruction of war/insecurity and technology adding to it

Meyer, Jena Observatory

Artist: _______________ - employee of Gropius served in WWI - career interrupted - head of construction sector of bauhaus Title:

Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye

Artist: _______________ - father of International style - ornament is a crime, truth to materials, form follows function Title: Vacation home for Jewish Family - had money to built it = anti-semitism feelings Slab piled on pillars - Cubist 6 point domino plan concrete reinforced by iron

Derain, Mountains at Collioure

Artist: _______________ - friends with Klaminck - studio together Title: Strong brushstrokes/color; trees = strong brushstrokes

Nolde, Masks

Artist: _______________ - hated being called an Expressionist because a cateogry; worked with Diburb group Title: _________________; studied masks and painted them from different cultures; Die Brucke influenced, carnival mask and shrunken head from Brazil, used a lot of red and yellow, masks because he traveled

Marc, The Large Blue Horses

Artist: _______________ - influenced by animals - more spiritual connection -> nature Title: The Large Blue Horses Swirling shapes and sweeping movement Horses harmonize with the landscape Color blue-masculinity and spirituality From Franz's perspective, the colors represent their experience of the world One of the first paintings of the Der Blau Reiter group

Kollwitz, Poverty

Artist: _______________ - pursued social change; in poor; printmaker -> propaganda Title: showed living conditions of poor - use of light; etching drypoint

Rouault, The Crucifixion

Artist: _______________ - started in stained glass - inspired by it Title: religious; black lines like stained glass; Christ on the Cross - like stained glass with light; pain in the world only relieved by resurrection

Joseph Wright, candle, moon, Lecture at the Orrery, Great Britain, sun, children, listener

Artist: ________________ (Specialized in drama of ______lit or ______lit scenes) Title: _________________ (Technological model= used to demonstrate the universe working as a clock) Location: Light to represent the ______ - at center of universe (candle hidden down inside) ______________ awed __________ takes notes Like Rembrandt's Dr Tulp

Richard Meier, The Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art

Artist: ________________ - "last modernist," rationalist - rectilinear shapes and curves; white and light and space Title: Barcelona(1987-1995): Was originally designed without knowing what artworks were to be placed in the collection: a difficult task. The location was chosen so as to revamp the location around it, which contains some of barcelona's oldest streets. Strong references to modernism, as is typical of Meier's work. Meier is often referred to as "the last modernist". The use of white in this building is also indicative of his work. Unlike O'Gehry, Meier frequently employs rectiliniar shapes in his designs. Clarity of structure. White, light, and space are concepts he frequently places into his works. He once said light is his "favorite and most versatile building material".

Giorgione, Titian, Pastoral Symphony, oil on canvas, muses

Artist: ________________ or _______________ Title: Media: Naked women = _________

Goncharova, The Cyclist

Artist: _________________ - -a Russian avant-garde artist; entered Russian school of painting sculpture and architecture; painter, writer, costume and set designer; set record for most expensive painting painted by a woman and sold at Christie's auction house at 9.8 million in 2007 Title: -One of her most famous works -background slightly blurred and bicycle appears to be moving, imitates motion -1913 -cubist influence

Mansart and LeVau, Versailles, Louis XIV, hunting lodge, palace complex

Artists: Title: -___________asleep in castle - people lead revolt - terrifies him - renovates family ___________ to a ___________ -240 fountains -Height of royal power = 5,000 nobility and 14,000 servants

Avenue of Sphinx

At Pylon Temples, there is usually an _______________

democracy

Athens is the first

cyclonic, motion, polished, Hellenistic, Borghese

Baroque sculpture: _________ movement - twists to left and up Caught in _______ Highly ___________ marble - reflects light and gives a sense of chiaroscuro Much like ____________ works, inspired by Laocoon Commissioned by ___________ family

Cycladic, Minoan, Helladic

Before 3000BCE until 1100 BCE 3 main cultures of the Aegean world

Benjamin West

Believes morality includes honor and loyalty Risen from humble origin the military hero was more important than aristocrat

Amiens

Bell towers different heights Peaks break at different levels tympanum rose window Very high windows on interior filled with stained glass

Canon of Polykleitos

Body proportions Facial attributes Same ideal sought by Socrates and Plato Canon= Greek rule or measure Basic unit may have been the width of the hand

Lectionary of Henry II

Book of Gospel readings for Mass - gift to Bamberg Cathedral Annunciation to Shepherds - Byzantine influence

Muhammed

Born in Mecca Worried by humility of Bedouins and greed of merchants Knew of Moses and Jesus Cave visit-believed he heard final revelations from Allah Began preaching for conversion Moved from Mecca to Medina Became religious and political leader 630AD conquered Mecca

Watteau, Madame du Pompadour, Versailles, Fountainbleau

Boucher: Hired to paint __________'s works (because unfinished) Patron = ___________________ (Mistress of the king of France - makes many political decisions) Worked to decorate ____________ and _____________ - a lot of ceiling paintings

Henry IV, Louis XIII, Louis XIV

Bourbon Monarchs: __________ - assassinated in 1610 __________ (Marie de Medici, Richelieu) - in throne as a child - mother and chief minister rule for him __________ (Anne of Austria, Mazarin) - ABSOLUTISM - controls EVERYTHING - uses arts to reinforce this

St Denis

Burial place for French Kings. Saint was decapitated picked up his head and ran to this spot. He was usually seen holding his head jamb statues Romanesque Romanesque exterior (rounded arches), Gothic interior ambulatory expanded and opened side aisles to bring in light - stained glass Labyrinth inside for people to do rosary as act of penance

Late

Byzantine Art Period: 1200-1400 Restoration of Byzantine rule 1261 ended with fall to Ottoman Turks in 1453

Early

Byzantine Art Period: 500-800 Emperor Justinian I until 726, onset of iconoclastic controversy

Middle

Byzantine Art Period: 843-1204 Emperor Theodora 843 when she reinstated the veneration of icons

St Etienne

Caen Normons built it in France for St Stephen 1067-1120 AD - after Battle of Hastings - commemorates William the Conqueror's Conquest westwork facade defined by horizontal and vertical symmetry - tripartite Interior: stone ribbing on groin vaults, clerestory windows, sexpartite vaults, alternating compound piers, alternating half columns

Lindisfarne Gospel

Carpet page - designs (look like carpet) From East through Scithia - Each Gospel has introductory page Matthew because angel - Irish More intricate Serpentine Interlaces Small designs Volume, Shading, and perspective Animal and human figures and elaborate decoration Matthew in study Basic elements of the animal style, evident in the purse cover from Sutton Hoo the work of a monk named Eadfrith Geometric grids in the border decoration of the purse cover are elaborated in the central circle

Academic

Carracci

Cassatt

Cassatt or Morisot?

Morisot

Cassatt or Morisot?

Gothic Revival, Strawberry Hill, Horace Walpole, Great Britain

Category: Title: Artist: Location: Crenelation, tower (with crennelation), windows pointed Interior: lots of revival - especially in library

San Vitale

Central church types. Justinain as emperor in Constantinople began about a year after Theodoric. In the politics of that day, the building of a church that would surpass anything undertaken by Theodoric would serve as both an assertion of Justinian's authority in Italy and as evidence of the weakening power of Theodoric Ostrogothic successors. Immediately Justinian decided to build the church of San Vitale at Ravenna. At first Justinian's power over the Western Roman Empire was anything but certain, and so the project sat in limbo. Eventually, the use of force was needed to assert his Italian claims, and his armies entered the city in year 540, after that the construction went quickly...7yrs later the church was ready for its dedication by Archbishop Maximian. As usual little attention was paid to decorating the exterior, but the interior of this church is a virtual jewel box with multi colored marble walls, carved alabaster columns, pierced marble screens, and sanctuary mosaics. Architecturally San Vitale = central-type church, differing very much from Saint Apollinaire Nuovo. It has all the usual features of the basilica...nartex entrance, circular nave, surrounding side isles, triumphal arch leading into the sanctuary w/ an apse and two side chambers. Difference btw the oblong basilica and a centralized church is the direction of the axis. Oblong=axis runs horizontally through the center of the building, dividing the church in two halves, eye leading toward the apse. In central type axis is vertical, leading the eye upward from the central floor space to the dome. Other than the oblong narthex on the west and the apse and side chapels on the east=simple octagon. 2 side chambers of the apse are usually associated w/ EASTERN ORTHODOX churches. Their presence here points to the fact that San Vitale was designed as a theatre for the Byzantine liturgy. The northern chamber=PROTHESIS, place where communion wine and bread are prepared for the altar. Eastern Orthodox tradition assumes a dramatic character, sacramental bread was symbolically "wounded, killed, & buried" on the table of the prothesis, where it appeared on the altar, where it symbolized the resurrection of the body. The southern chamber=diakonikon served as the vestry and place to store the sacred objects. While the rectangular ancestors of the rectangular basilicas were Roman domestic and public buildings, the centralized church derives from ancient circular tombs such as Hadrian's colossal monument on the banks of the Tiber. The ancient preference for the circular mausoleum can be explained partly by its symbolism. Immortality was frequently represented by the image of a serpent biting its tail-that is, a living creature whose end was joined to its beginning. Another ancestor is the round classical temple, such as the Pantheon. Church built in the same form as a tomb is by no means as somber as it may sound, however in the Christian sense, a church symbolized the Eater tomb, reminding all of the resurrection of Christ. In his memory, churches were dedicated to martyrs & saints who were believed to be partaking of the heavenly life w/ him, just as the faithful hoped that they themselves would one day be doing. The ancient Orphic cult had stressed the idea of the body being the tomb of the spirit. Hence, death and resurrection were aspects of one and the same idea, and the martyr's death was a mystical union with Christ. The altar itself was a repository for the sacred relics of the saint to whom the church was dedicated. Early altars in the catacombs actually were sarcophagi that served also as communion tables. W/in the rites of the church, the earthly past of Christ, his apostles, saints, and martyrs were commemorated, and, at the same time, the glorious heavenly future was anticipated.

academic, pyramidal, symmetrical, Renaissance

Characteristics: ____________ - follows rules by Academy of painting ____________ - with composition ____________ - with composition Appears very "_____________"

Pantocrator

Christ halo with cross gesture of blessing in right hand and book in left upper portion of body

Deesis

Christ flanked by Mary and John the Baptist

Royal Portal

Christ in mandorla by Matt Mark, Luke and John voussoir = statuettes of people crouched in judgment below

Magdeburg Antependium

Christ seated on earth orb and blessing cathedral of Magdeburg - ivory

red figure

Classical Geometry =

rotulus, vellum, parchment, book, illustrated, Vienna Genesis, purple

Codex: Replaced the _______ Flat pages of _______ (calfskin) or ________ (lambskin) Bound like a _____ Pages could be ________ Earliest = __________ 24/96 folios survive with 46 miniature illustrations ______ sheets imply royal

Epigonos, Dying Gaul

Commissioned by Attalus I of Pergamon to commemorate the victory over the Galatians ; trumpet; facial hair/hair = foreigner (barbarian); in the round; original bronze, this one marble

Uta Codex

Created at the behest of the abbess Uta, it is not only one of the most beautiful of Ottonian manuscripts but also one of the most complex. The collection of liturgical readings is preceded by four full-page frontispieces illustrating the Hand of God, Uta dedicating the codex to the Virgin and Child, a Crucifixion, and Saint Erhard (the convent's patron saint) celebrating Mass. Four evangelist portraits accompany the readings from each Gospel

Knossos

Crete's ancient capital; King Minos ruled from here

Thera, palace complexes, epiphanic, marble

Cycladic Islands: Remains left after the volcano of _______ erupted leaving only a ridge ________ ___________ functioned as political, religious and economic hubs Religion was __________ Abundance of ________ for figurines

Seated Harp Player

Cycladic: lyre player from Keros on the left. The male figure is also simplified and reduced mainly to geometric essentials, but careful attention is placed on the elements emphasizing an actual musician. The harpists sits on a high back chair with a splayed back and head tilted as if he is singing. Knees and feet apart for balance and arms holding the instrument. The figure seems to be wedged btw the lyre and the chair. The shape of the instrument and the chair seem to reflect each other. Perhaps they are playing for the deceased in the afterlife. We still see simple lines and geometric shapes but there is also evidence that the artists pays careful attention to the elegance of both the figure and the instrume

Apadana, Persepolis

Darius organized and conquered: capital was Susa, then Parsa; built ____________ (audience hall) in _____________

styles

Darius, the King of Persia combined different _______ of art at his temple

Spring of Eurytheus

Demeter taught agriculture to Athenians here

St Michaels

Double transcept plan - longitudinal Extended Narthex Tower groupings and a westwork Modular approach

Kamares Ware

During Middle Minoan period, Cretan potters made sophisticated shapes using the newly introduced potters wheel. The vessels were decorated in polychromatic style (several colors). These vessels are named for the cave on the slope of Mount Ida where they were first discovered. *Light objects on dark background* Many have also been found at Phaistos and Knossos. This particular piece is decorated with repeated patterns and shapes. Many vessels are found decorated with aquatic compositions. The vessels were used for storing honey, wine and grain.

Dipylon Vase

Earliest is geometric pottery-narrative of funerary rituals for an important person; The figures are also very 2-d all the negative space is filled w/ and M shape known as asterisks. The figures are comprised of triangular frontal torsos, profile arms legs and heads have been attached. Mourners show their grief by tearing their hair. We begin to see the art of story telling reemerged. The resurrection of storytelling is a key turning point in the history of Greek art

Ra

Egypt's rulers were divine kings, sons of the sun god ___

Young Fisherman

Egyptian-like: colorful skin/profile; shows importance of sealife

Gospel Book of Otto III

Emperor enthroned - sceptor and cross-inscribed orb Clergy and barons Female personification of Slavinia, Germany, Gaul and Rome - provinces of Ottoman empire

Salisbury Cathedral

England, c 1220 flamboyant (flames) two transcepts facade looks like it was pressed on cloister off to side

Howard Carter

Englishman and Egyptologist who in 1922 discovered and excavated the tomb of Tutankhamen

Voltaire, Rousseau, Rosseau

Enlightenment: _____________ was believer in science as the salvation of mankind _____________ believed that society had corrupted man so he rejected progress _____________ rejected Rococo and turned to the "natural"

Iman

Faith in Allah; a leader of prayer in a mosque

Horus

Falcon pharoah (Isis and Osiris's son)

black figure

First paints figures in black Then incises Black is engobe: phase one turns both pot and slip red with firing, phase two (reducing) clay and slip turn black due to lack of oxygen, phase three coarser material of the pot reabsorbs oxygen and turns red, slip remains black b/c its smoother and silica-laden

guild, bourgeoisie, gesso, colors, Van Eyck, North

Flemish painting: _______ dominated ______________ - merchants: patrons of art how to prepare panels with _______ (plaster mixed with building material) how to mix __________ ____________ credited with the invention of oil ___________ interested in bright surfaces touched with light

Baptistry of St Giovanni

Florence, 1060-1150 Giberti = doors central plan function = baptism Romanesque sculpture

Dying Warrior

From East Pediment Temple Aphaia; best preserved pediment figure; Originally would have been painted and had bronze accessories, here the sculptor has fully exploited the framework of the pediment, twisting in space capturing agony and vulnerability; Archaic - bulging eyes; smile, stylized beard

Christ as Good Shepherd

From interior of Galla Placidia staff = cross colors rocks lunette = little half moon (halo shape)

Die Brucke

German Expressionist movement that focused on distortions of form, ragged outlines, and agitated brush strokes to provoke powerfully emotional works; started by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Anti-urban area; liked natural settings; influenced by Fauvist movement; unusual use of color "The Bridge" between past and future. The opposition to the dominant culture. Theme: Favorite motifs were nudes in nature Searched for nature as untouched as possible by civilization. Style: Expressing extreme emotion through high-keyed color that was very often non-naturalistic. Crude drawing technique Legacy: Responsible for the revival of woodcuts. Major impact on the evolution of modern art and the creation of expressionism

Koln Cathedral

Germany, c 1220 flamboyant

Speyer Cathedral

Germany, c. 1030 like Audience Hall of Constantine Ala Palatine

Apollo/Apollo

God of sun, light, truth and music

Poseidon/Neptune

God of the sea, holding 3-pronged spear

Dionysius/Bacchus

God of wine, grape harvest, inspiration

Demeter/Ceres

Goddess of Grain and agriculture

Persephone/Proserpina

Goddess of fertility, queen of the underworld

Athena/Minerva

Goddess of wisdom, war, virginity, victory

Lindau Gospels

Gold cover youthful Christ nailed to Cross = central motif Surrounded by pearls and jewels so catch and reflect light Figure = repousse - beardless, suffering Christ Four angels and personification of Moon and Sun, Virgin Mary and St John Cloisonne

Caliph al-Walid

Great Mosque of Damascus patron

Archaic: 600-480 BCE

Greek Period: "old or old fashioned" stresses a presumed contrast btw the art of this time and the following Classical, which used to be thought of as the most admirable and highly developed-however this view no longer prevails among historians

480-450 BCE

Greek Period: Early or Transitional classical

450-400 BCE

Greek Period: High or 5th Century Classical

400-320 BCE

Greek Period: Late or 4th Century Classical

Orientalizing: 700-600 BCE

Greek Period: apparent influence of Egyptian and Near Eastern art on the pottery of this time. This influence was due to the spread of trading contacts as well as travels of the artists themselves

Geometric: 900-700 BCE

Greek Period: geometric or rectangular forms that the artists used to decorate the ceramic vessels of this time

Hellenistic

Greek Period: means Greek-like; produced throughout the eastern Mediterranean world as non-Greek people gradually became infused with Greek culture under Alexander and his successors. The history and art of ancient Greece ends with the fall of Egypt, the last bastion of rule, to the Romans in 31 BCE.

Proto-Geometric: 1050-900 BCE

Greek Pottery: characterized by linear motifs, spirals, diamonds and cross-hatching, rather than the stylized plants, birds, and sea creatures characteristic of Minoan vase painting

Hellenes

Greeks called themselves

polis

Greeks established city states called _________ (Athens most dominant for mental)

polytheistic

Greeks were ______________ (many gods)

action, emotion, drama, form, imperfections

Hellenistic Period: More concerned with depicting _______ and __________ High _______ in sculpture and architecture Better awareness of ______ Willing to show man's __________ Earlier periods = ideal and general, aloof serenity, heroism of gods and goddesses

Hagesandros, Polydoros, and Athanadoros of Rhodes, Laocoon and His Sons

Hellenistic because emotion, motion, and facial hair; fighting off snake from Greeks at Troy (people think it's a punishment from the gods)

Nike of Samothrace

Hellenistic because movement and draping; originally in niche on hillside over a pool to give the impression of a boat; thought to commemorate a naval victory; displayed in a similar fashion at the Louvre

perfect, everyday, draped

Hellenistic because: not ____________ _________ task _________ but still see outline

Man and Centaur

Hercules and Centaur Chiron; Geometric Sculpture in the round, bronze, small only 4 ½ " high. Possible Herakles battling the centaur Nessos, who carried the hero's bride across a river then assaulted (wrapped) her. Centaur is any mythological creature ½ horse ½ man. Geometric artists was not limited to scenes inspired by daily life and death. Hence the vases. The centaur is a pure Greek invention. During this time frame the Greeks would have been exposed to the the monsters that were popular in Egyptian and Near Eastern. It's not likely that the artist would have seen such a creature. The centaur has horse hind legs and human front legs and torso, much like the figure of the hero. The hero is portrayed much larger to (contradictory to nature) the horse to indicate that he will be the victor. Contrast to the Near Eastern sculptures the Greek figures are nude. Even here in the beginning of Greek Figural art we see the natural instinct that the Greeks felt for the beauty for the human body. Greek athletes practiced and competed in the nude in the Olympic games. The 2 figures confront each other after the man has stabbed the centaur. The sculptor has reduced the body parts to simple geometric shapes, arranging them in a composition of solid forms and open negative spaces that makes the piece pleasing to the eye. Most of these types of works have been found in sanctuaries, suggesting that they may have been votive offerings to the gods

Pectoral of Senusret II

Horus falcons, cobras (Ra), cartouche, scrab beetle; cloisonne (inlaid in gold); "May the Sun god give eternal life to Senusret II"

coins

How did rulers let ordinary citizens know of their power?

upper middle, leisure, Pisarro, fast, open, en plein aire

Impressionism: -Painted _________ _________ class -__________ time city and country -__________ organized them to create a grass roots group -________, ________ brushstrokes, ____________ -Cezanne, Degas, Monet, Pisarro, Moriset, Renoir and American Mary Cassatt

Baptism

In Luke, when the Holy Spirit descends on Jesus and the voice from the heavens identify him as "My beloved Son"

relief triangle

In Mycenaean architecture the triangular opening above lintel that serves to lighten the weight to be carried by lintel itself.

Sacrifice of Isaac

In San Vitale

mirador

In Spanish an Islamic palace architecture, rooms with windows and sometimes balconies on three sides overlooking gardens and courtyards

Virgin and Child Between St Theodore and St George

In St Catherine's Monestary at Mt Sinan encaustic on wood stiff, halos, baby = homunculus very flat, frontal feet, throne

Dura Europos Synagogue

In a Roman garrison, extensive murals, once a private house then converted to a synagogue 2nd century- Images confounded the scholars as per the 2nd Commandment. Images tell biblical stories, no images of God except as a "hand". No action, stylized gestures, no depth, niche housed the Torah, frontal poses 3 levels of scenes from the Old Testament Torah niche Lower level is painted imitation stone

intonaco

In fresco painting, the last layer of smooth lime plaster applied to the wall; the painting layer; the coat of wet plaster into which pigments are painted in the true fresco process; final layer of fine ground plaster

Anastasis

In the Byzantine Church, Christ's descent into hell to release and resurrect the worthy dead

Athena

In the Parthenon, this is a statue of

Sedes sapientiae

In the Roman Catholic tradition, the epithet "the Seat of Wisdom" or "Throne of Wisdom"; identified with one of many devotional titles for the Mother of God; he phrase, which was characterized in the 11th and 12th centuries, by Peter Damiani and Guibert de Nogent as likening Mary to the Throne of Solomon, refers to her status as a vessel of the incarnation, carrying the Holy Child. As the phrase associates the Blessed Virgin with glory and with teaching, Madonna-images in this tradition are especially popular in Catholic imagery, while Protestant churches often downplay veneration for Mary (and other saints), and the veneration of images

amasis

In the black figure technique, artists painted designs-figures, objects or abstract motifs-with slip in silhouette on the clay vessels. Then using a sharp tool, stylus, they cut through the slip into the body of the vessel, incising linear details within the silhouette. In the red-figure technique the process was reversed. Artist painted the background around the figures with the slip then drew details within the figures with the same slip using a brush. In both techniques artists often enhanced their work with touches of white and reddish purple gloss, pigments mixed with slip. Firing produced the distinctive black or red images.

Champollion

Interpreter of the Rosetta Stone

Abbe Suger

Introduced Gothic style - brought together various elements into first expression Characteristics: grotesque decoration (ex. gargoyle); New Islamic techniques from Crusades (ex. pointed arch) was one of the last Frankish abbot-statesmen, a historian, and the influential first patron of Gothic architecture

Face

Is a face or a logo more powerful for political persuasion?

Giovanni, duomo

Is this by Nicola or Giovanni Pisano? Is this in the baptistry or the duomo?

Nicola, baptistry

Is this by Nicola or Giovanni Pisano? Is this in the baptistry or the duomo?

Giovanni, Nativity

Is this by Nicola or Giovanni Pisano? Title:

Nicola, Annunciation and Nativity

Is this by Nicola or Giovanni Pisano? Title:

mosque

Islam place of worship

sfumato

Italian term meaning "smoky," soft, and mellow; in painting, the effect of haze in an image; resembling the color of the atmosphere at dusk, it gives a smoky effect

Futurism

Italy's response to Cubism Pro WWI Thrill and power of urban life "Technical Manifesto"

Cathedral of Milan

Italy, 1386 flamboyant

Maximilian's Throne

Ivory Expression of power Wooden core with ivory

Dome of the Rock

Jerusalem 1st great Islamic building Tribute to the triumph of Islam when the Byzantines were driven from the city Rises from the Noble Enclosure ( site of the Temple of Solomon, burial of Adam, Abraham's preparation for sacrifice of Isaac Rock is the site where Muhammed journeyed to heaven and returned to Mecca Domed (60X75) octagon (similar to?) Church of the Holy Sepulchre is nearby Exterior renovated with tile (once mosaic)

The Sarcophagus of Jonah

Jonah Poet Good shepherd - holding a calf Baptism Dove John the Baptist - baptizing Jesus Trees Pairings of good and evil Like ressurection

Joseph and Potiphar's Wife

Joseph punished for king's wife hitting on him

Hegira

Journey to Medina - year 1 on Islamic Calendar

Agamemnon

King of Mycenaean; sacrificed daughter; wife's twin sister is Helen (most beautiful woman alive)

Menes

King of Upper Egypt united the two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt

Norman Cavalry Charging in the Battle of Hastings

Last Romanesque piece William the Conqueror from the Bayeux Tapestry Odo = patron really an embroidery c 1070

white figure phiale

Late Classical Geometry =

Pericles

Leader of Athens who uses money from Delian League

Automatism

Manuel techniques from surrealist painters - paintings from conscience

Christus Sol

Mausoleum of Julii (first ruling family) under St Peter's in Rome syncrestic "I am the vine, you the branches" Dionysus Apollo

trivium, quadrium

Medieval learning based on __________ (grammar, rhetoric dialectic) and _________ (geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, and music)

St Ambrogio

Milan, Italy Romanesque but plan of Old St Peter's Interior - very Romanesque, but low ceilings

St Basil's Cathedral

Moscow Brick with painted onion dome patron = Ivan the Terrible - victory over Mongol kazon: 1552

Cycladic females

Most of these figures have been found lying on graves. They used scrapers and chisels made of obsidian and polishing stones of emery. The introduction of metal tools made it possible for them to carve on a larger scale but maybe b/c the stone fractured so easily they limited themselves to simplified forms; This figure is almost flat and the human body is rendered in a stylized manner generally one notices the triangular shape that dominates the head and shoulders. The body tapers form shoulders to feet and the triangle is repeated again in the pubis area. The feet are too small to support the figure so most likely it was intended to lie in the grave with the person buried. Most likely with the breasts and pubis emphasized along with the swollen belly these figure were fertility offerings

Hejira

Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina

Florence Cathedral, Cambio, Taleti, Brunelleschi

Name of Structure: Architect: Architect who took over for him later: Who constructed the dome?

body

Near Stone Hedge, archaeologists discovered _______ art buried with a foreigner

Rome, excavations, geometric, liberty, virtue morality

Neoclassicism: -Grand Tour made ___________ a pilgrimmage site -New ___________ at Pompeii and Herculaneum - asleep since 79 AD - 2,000 years uncovered - now new information -___________ harmony -___________, ___________ and ___________ in a time of turmoil - bringing stability at least through message

Great Mosque of Damascus

New capital 661 On the site of a Christian church Church destroyed but Roman precinct used

Pont du Gard

Nimes, France aqueduct 16 BC-60 AD limestone 900 ft long needed water to urban inhabitants arcade 47-11-6 ( levels) constantly flows

Vaphaio cup

On one cup, bulls are being trapped with a cow as the lure. Areas not filled in by humans or animals are filled with landscapes, rocks, trees, clouds. Similar to those of Minoan paintings, like Miniature Ships Fresco see fig. 4-9 Gardner's. The 2 cups document the admiration that the wealthy Mycenaean patrons had for Minoan art. Both the Minoan and Mycenaean metal smiths were highly skilled. Both cups are made of 2 plates of gold. The outside plate is worked in reposse style while the inside is left plain to make a smooth surface. Then the plates are fastened together, handles are added (riveted) and some of the details engraved

Two Women with a Child

Only Mycenean sculpture; IVORY - from elephants in Africa - so TRADE; subtractive

Notre Dame

Paris Relic = crown of thorns tracery balustrade pointed arches rose windows towers identical and at same height tripartide - representing trinity statuettes

Poseidon, Athena, Athena, doric, Great Panathenaia

Parthenon Sculpture: West: Contest of _________ and ________ East: Birth of _______ _______ frieze on exterior: 92 metopes depicts legendary battles-god against giant, Greek against Trojan, Greek against Amazon, lapiths with Centaurs Short colonnades in front of each entrance support entablature with Ionic Frieze depicting the ________ ______________

Caliph Abd al-Malik

Patron of Dome of the Rock

Pendentive

Pendentive or Squinch? make the transition from the circular base of the dome to the four piers that support the weight of the dome.

Squinch

Pendentive or Squinch? pieces that are placed diagonally across the four corners of a square, turning it into and octagon, and as such, a more suitable base for a dome

Persian Wars

Persia invades Ionia

rhyton

Persian drinking cup; solid gold; stylized lion with wings

Archaemenids

Persian rulers trace back to Archaemenes so called

Lewis Hine

Photographer: -His photos helped to pass child labor laws. -In 1908, he became the photographer for the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC).

William Henry Fox Talbot

Photographer: -set up the first photographic printing works (The Reading Photographic Establishment) - to mass produce salt prints for publication of The pencil of Nature, the first part work illustrated with photographs tipped in by hand. The negatives have stood the test of time far better than the positive prints which have faded badly -The Open Door - situated items to get picture - like a still life

Alexander Gardner

Photographer: -The Carnage at Antietam - shoes scattered because removed from dead bodies

Matthew Brady

Photographer: In the middle of his success, he turned his notice to the Civil War. Planning to document the war on a impressive scale, he organized a group of photographers to follow the troops on the field. Friends tried to put him down by saying battlefield dangers and financial risks, but Brady didn't listen and he later said, "I had to go. A spirit in my feet said 'Go,' and I went." -Bull Run Pictures - arranges bodies to get pictures he wants

William Jackson

Photographer: equivalent of Beristadt in photographer - does the West - painter, photographer, and explorer -Yellowstone - no people, very pristine

Edward Steichen

Photographer: mostly landscape/cityscape -Rodin (sculptor) - in background = sculpture -New York's Flatiron Building -Balzac: The open sky - picture of a sculpture by Rodin

Japanese Internment

Photographs used as propaganda/to relay a message about __________________: -Pledge of Allegiance -Instructions for Internment -Packed up for Relocation

Pisa

Place where this is 1053-1272 AD White marble variegated with dark marble

persuasion

Politicians use images for ________________

Jar with boat designs

Predynastic period; from Hierakonpolis; river scene (funeral barge?) has abstract figures

Christ as the Good Shepherd

Priscilla catacomb: Rome the priest is paralleled to Christ leading the flock (congregation

Menkaura and a Queen

Queen = Khamerenbebty II; both youthful and embracing; his step forward larger than hers; made of slate-more dull but durable; no emotion from him to her; from her to him some; fully clothed but can see through

Moralizing bible

Queen Blanche of Castile and Louis IX gold foil - page that's gold Queen instructing Louis Toledo Cathedral, Spain Illuminations in middle, text on outside

Galla Placidia

Ravenna Mausoleum of empress Galla Placidia (daughter of Theodosius I) 410 abducted by Alaric Returned 415 Regent for 25 yrs Plain brick 4 pediments Blind niches

Rebecca and Eliezer

Rebecca and Eliezer at the well, from the Vienna Genesis, early sixth century. Painted purple vellum, approx. 12 ¼ x 9 ¼". The earliest well preserved painted manuscript we know of that contains biblical scenes is the Vienna Genesis. It has the continuity of a frieze in a scroll. In a continuous narrative , two or more scenes of a story are represented within a single frame. This becomes common in Medieval art. In this scene from the book of Genesis (24:15-61), Rebecca leaves the city of Nahor to fetch water from the well in the first episode. In the second, she gives water to Eliezer and his camels. Nahor is represented as a walled city seen from above, in the same way as the cityscapes on the Column of Trajan and the mosaics of Santa Maria Maggiore which incorporated Roman pictorial conventions. The action is simplified, Rebecca walks to the well along a colonaded avenue of a Roman city, the source of the well, after indicated by a seminude female personification of a spring—a reminder of the persistence of classical motifs. The detail is in the pantomime of the narrative. Rebecca braces her foot on the well as she tips the jug towards Eliezer. The background is a luxurious purple with silver ink. The manuscripts become more and more elaborate as time went on in Medieval art. They valued the spiritual beauty of the text and the material beauty of the books they created to spread their message.

Uta Codex

Regensburg Germany for Uta, abbess of Niedermunster Illustrates important role that women could play in religious life and patron of arts for early Middle Ages Full page illuminations with Gospel readings Dedication page to Virgin Mary with Christ Child Created at the behest of the abbess Uta, it is not only one of the most beautiful of Ottonian manuscripts but also one of the most complex. The collection of liturgical readings is preceded by four full-page frontispieces illustrating the Hand of God, Uta dedicating the codex to the Virgin and Child, a Crucifixion, and Saint Erhard (the convent's patron saint) celebrating Mass. Four evangelist portraits accompany the readings from each Gospel

pastel, dainty, light hearted, arabesque, s, c, c, volutes, silver, gold, white, boiseries

Rococo Art: __________ colors __________ and __________ __________, ___ shapes, ___ shapes, reverse ___ and _________ _________ and ________ against _________ __________=sculpted wood panels

prostyle

Roman - porch and set of stairs; columns engaged

arch, concrete, theaters, Aqueducts

Roman innovations: Expanded use of _____ Introduced __________ Give them ability to create free standing ________ and other structures which up to this point had been impossible ____________ made of concretes

Greeks, podium

Roman temples: borrow from _______ built on a ________

Stavelot Triptych

Romanesque interlacing Wood - guilded from current day Belgium

Santa Costanza

Rome 354 CE Martyrium of Constantina - Constantine's daughter Sarcophagus opposite the door Inner colonnade - goes all the way around Composite columns - combination of Corinthian and Ionic

Old St Peter's

Rome Martyrium Apse Transcept Nave Narthex - entry point Atrium East orientation - holy land

Sargon I

Ruler of Akkad (which adopted Sumerian culture)

Zimrilim

Ruler of Babylon and Mari: architecture in palace very good

Christ Between the Angels

San Vitale, Ravenna honor Exclesius (angel) and saints naturalism apse - blue Christ on globe 2 priests and 2 angels flatter dimension gold background feet frontal naturalism on ground

Hogarth

Satirized contemporary life with comic zest Poked fun at the artists of the continent Liked to paint in series to tell a story

Harvesters Vase

Scenes of sowing and harvesting are also seen in Egyptian art, but their compositions are much more stiff, static and formulaic. This Minoan composition breaks static trend and bursts with energy and movement, and individualized figures. We see a riotous crowd singing and shouting as they return from the fields. Figures are led by an older man wearing a cloak patterned cloth carrying a staff. Youths who follow are depicting forward movement. Although we mainly see traditional profile and frontal views, one figure is singled out by shaking a rattle with his lungs so inflated with air that his ribs are showing. 1st instance where sculptor shows detail/interest in what skeletal structure of the human figure. This is a study of human anatomy. This is a remarkable composition esp. when considering the small size of the vase. Careful attention is also notes in the facial expression of the figures. All faces show tension and relaxation with in the facial muscles

St Gall

Separate monks from laity Center = church with cloister (courtyard) - side of Church not in front of main portal Other essential buildings Switzerland religious (monastic) complex - abbey church with cloister and westwork - many accomodations

Chi Rho

Sign of the Cross

The Selimiye Cami

Sinan the Great Edirne, Turkey - 16th Century mosque inspired by Hagia Sophia (6th century)

Death of the Virgin

South transcept of Strasbourg Cathedral, France c 1220 Mary on death bed with Saints very Hellinitic

Ottonian

Stage of Middle Ages: 11th century; in Eastern Charlemagne's empire; art influenced by Germanic peoples, much metalwork

Hiberno-Saxon

Stage of Middle Ages: 5th and 6th centuries - very religious (Irish and English)

Warrior Lords

Stage of Middle Ages: 800-1000 AD Nordic

Carolingian

Stage of Middle Ages: 9th century Court of Charlemagne - (in France) Coronation Gospels, Palace Chapel (modeled after San Vitale)

Zeus/Jupiter

Supreme God, holds scepter and lightning bolt

architecture

Symbolizes great political power/wealth

Dura Europos

Syria 245 BCE: Europos to the Greeks, Dura to the Romans (fell to the Parthians several times in history of the period) probably founded around the death of Alexander. On the Euphrates River. Mid 3rd century (256CE) the people evacuated creating "Pompeii in the desert"

Pergamon

The Altar of Zeus is at _____________

Der Blau Reiter

The Blue Rider, a group of German artists All the artists share a common desire to express spiritual truths through their art , the color blue represented this work of art was abstract mostly Franz was one of the founders They got their name based off on Kandinsky's painting

campanile

The Italian term for a freestanding bell tower

Muhammad

The Prophet Muhammad and his Companions Traveling to the Fair no facial features of ___________ not in a mosque because no figures allowed

San Apollonaire in classe

The Roman basilica, the building in which judicial, commercial, and governmental activities took place, became the primary architectural model for Christian churches in the early Middle Ages. Medieval Italian churches generally imitated its basic design. In Classe, near Ravenna, is an excellent example of the early Christian basilican form. The relics of the Early Christian leaders and emperors were venerated as if they were the person, such as the cross, relics and mementos. Even vessels associated with holy rites came to be worshiped as real presences and to have believed to have sacramental and magical powers, such as healing. This worked in the service of both Church and the sanctified imperial state. This image would influence the Middle Ages strongly both in the East and the West. The end of the period of Justinianic Ravenna closes with the Church of Sant'Appollinare in Classe, a few miles from Ravenna, where the hieratic style of Byzantine reaches a standard and is also a point of departure. Here is where Saint Appolinaris rested and was venerated. The building itself is Early Christian, a three aisled basilica. It has a semicircle interior with a polygonal exterior. The outside is plain and the inside has mosaics. They are in the triumphal arch and the apse behind it. orant position feet frontal golden style The mosaic decorating the semi-vault above the apse in Saint 'Appolinaris, was completed in 549, when the church was dedicated. It has a large blue medallion on a gold ground, with a jeweled cross (symbol of the transfiguration of Christ) It may be another version of the cross Constantine had built on the hill of Calvary to commemorate the martyrdom of Jesus-the cross that we also saw represented at Santa Prudensiana in Rome. Above the cross is the hand of God. On either side of the medallion, in the clouds appear the figures of Moses and Elijah, who appeared before Christ during his transfiguration. Below these two figures are three sheep, three disciples who accompanied Christ to the foot of the Mount. Beneath in the midst of green fields with trees, flowers, and birds stands the patron saint of the church, Apollinaris. He is accompanied by twelve sheep(12 disciples), and a decorative base. The face of Christ is on the arch above in a medallion and the signs of the evangelists are represented in the rainbow-streaked heavens. In comparison to Galla Placidia the style has changed dramatically during the coarse of a century. Both have a human figure and some sheep in a landscape. But in Classe, in the mid-sixth century, the artist does not recreate a segment of the physical world. The story is told in flat symbols, lined upside by side. No overlapping is done. Shapes have lost their volume and become flat silhouettes. Details are done with line work. It seems more like a luxurious tapestry, narrating a story directly.

Nativity

The birth of Jesus Christ, the son of god and of the Virgin Mary

acanthus leaf

The capital of the Corinthian column is characterized by which motif?

Sinan the Great

The great architect of the Ottoman empire; designed Selimiye Mosque

arriccio

The layer of relatively coarse plaster that is the first layer applied to a wall in the making of a fresco; The foundation layer of plaster that will support the intonaco and pigment

Anunciation

The occurrence when the Angel Gabriel appeared to Mary and told her that she would bear a child who was the Son of God

shaft

The tall, cylindrical part of a column between the capital and the base

stylobate

The uppermost step of the platform; supports the columns.

Persia, Athens, Athena, civilization, barbarism

Themes of Parthenon: triumph over _________ preeminence of _______ due to favor of ________ triumph of _________ over _________

bulbous

These Minoan capitals resemble later Greek Doric capitals

Orsanmichele, Nanni Di Banco, Four Crowned Saints

These statues are at _______________ They are by ____________ They are called the ________________

Hawara

This is a mummy wrapping of a young boy from _________; the body was wrapped in linen strips, with a Roman-style portrait painted on a wood panel in encaustic (hot colored wax), inserted over the face

Ghiberti

This is the final design of __________ (who won the contest)

Lioness Gate

This is the outer gateway, left is protected by a natural rock. On the right is a man-made wall. Enemies would have to face this 20 ft wide channel with Mycenaean soldiers above them on both sides of the wall. Post and Lintel above Lintel is the Corbel Arch which lightens the weight carried by the lintel itself. The corbel arch or relieving triangle depicts 2 decorative relief carvings of lions or possibly sphinxes. The heads were separate and have since been lost, but one can still see that the animals are carved in high relief and they are resting their forepaws on a stand that carries a Minoan style column. The animals are carved w/ vigor filling a triangular space. There is a sense of harmony found with in the dignity, strength and scale of the massive stones and entrance gate.

Hagia Sophia

This is the plan of

Alexander

This ruler of Macedonia created the first political portrait

Apollo by Mantiklos

This sculpture was dedicated to a god by Mantiklos. A message from the dedicator to the deity is inscribed on the thigh. The message reads, "Mantiklos dedicated me as a tithe to the far shooting Lord of the Silver Bow; you Phoibos (Apollo), might give some pleasing favor in return." The Greeks conceived their gods in human form and because of this, we can not be sure if this is Mantiklos or Apollo. However if the left hand once held the bow cited in the message then we are dealing with the deity. The artist pays careful attention to the detail in the hair and the sculpted stomach and pectoral muscles, which give shape to the triangular torso. The youthful figure's long hair subsequently elongates the neck. The deep eye sockets were once inlaid with stones, and their may have been a helmet on the head. At the time of this sculpture there was an increase in Greek trade and colonization, and Greek artists were exposed to many Eastern pieces, like small ivory carvings. This close frequent contact to the near east had a profound impact on Greek art, hence this period has been dubbed "Orientalizing."

cult of relics

Thought that powers of the saint might be manifested through his relics and things associated with; was criticized from its inception by purists who regarded it as pagan. Vigilantius in a dispute with St Jerome condemned the veneration of all inanimate objects such as the bodies of saints. Jerome responded by saying that the relics themselves were not worshipped but were an aid to the veneration of martyrs of undoubted holiness whose lives were a model to later generations

Cyrus, Darius, Xerxes

Three great Persian rulers that helped established Persia as the first empire

Khufu, Khafra, Menkaura

Three kings buried at Giza?

Old Palace, Second Palace, Late Minoan

Three periods of Minoan Art

St Maurice, Magdeburg Cathedral, Maximilian

Title/Who it is: Where is it located? Who killed this person?

Brandenburg Gate, Frederick William II, Prussia, quadriga, Victory

Title: Commissioned by ________________ of ________ topped by _________ with ________ as the charioteer. Designed on the Propylaia of Athens

Hector Guimard Desk

Title: Vine-shapes (nature); olive wood/ash panel - effect of growing; personal desk

St Peter's Colonnade

Title: Arms of St Peter embracing you - 284 columns, 4 deep Trapezoid at top, oval at bottom

Well of Moses, Claus Sluter, John

Title: Artist: Patron: _____ the Fearless (Phillip's Son)

St Anthony Tormented by Demons, Schongauer

Title: Artist: (king of incising) used cross-hatching, not parallel-hatching tonal value

Les Tres Riches Heures, Limbourg Brothers, Duc de Berry, nobility, commonfolk

Title: Artists: Patron: Contrast between __________ and ____________

Arc de Triomphe, Neo-classicism, Napoleon, Chalgrin, Rude, unknown soldier

Title: Genre: Commissioned by ___________ to ___________ in 1806. Work stopped after his defeat and revived in 1833. LaMarsaillaise by ______ (Bellona leads the 1792 volunteers as Liberty) Phrygian cap of freedom. Beneath the vault is the tomb of the ___________. Attic is decorated with shields of Napoleon conquered.

Chambord, France, monarchs

Title: Location: It functioned as one of many homes for the ___________ of the country

Cathedra Petri, chair, sun, Holy Spirit

Title: Original ______ = wooden and encased Rays of light collecting _____ Center = ___________

Scala Regia, Bernini

Title: Restored by _________ Colonnaded Columns composite barrel vault channels light down symbol above door = papal insignia

Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, Romanesque, Venetians, chandeliers, military conquests, Bourbons, pagan gods

Title: Where is it? -____________ arches - frame windows to look at gardens - mirrors right across - made of panels - only people with mirror technology = ___________ -___________ were made of hand-cut crystal -Gold -Ceiling - difference scenes from ______________ - reinforce power/importance of __________ - assisted by __________

El Escorial, Phillip II, Spain, palace complex, Roman camp, Catholic, crpyt

Title: ___________'s palace Location: 1st new monarch to build a ______________ Like a ______________ - square with towers on four corners ___________ Church on the inside - ________ - king and queen burial

Chennoceaux, France, labyrinth, chateau

Title: gardens in ________ more controlled than in England - reflects political power Contains a __________ (inspired by ancient Greek myths) Building is called a __________

Temple of Aphaia

To give a sense of 3-d the sculptor would place some figures behind others, overlapping as many as 3 of them varying the depth of the relief. To counter any sense of deep recession, all the figures would be the same height with their feet on the same ground line. The long pediments of Greek Temples provided a perfect stage for storey telling, but the triangular pediment provided a problem in composition. The sculptor of this pediment provided a creative solution that became a design standard. The subject of the pediment rendered in fully 3-d figures, is the sack of Troy

St Sernin

Toulouse 1080 AD plain very few windows rounded archways = Romanesque oculus no westwork because no towers cruciform apse with transcept, radiating chapels (apsidel chapel), nave steeple covered center of cruciform

Proto-Geometric

Transition to

Riace Warrior

Transitional or Early/5th Classical Period; original bronze; naked; movement of feet - contrapposta; lost in ship wreck so not melted down; has many detailed elements to the eye and touch. The navel the swelling veins in the backs of the hands, and the strand by strand rendering of the hair. We also see an idealized, youthful smoothness to the rest of the body. Life-like elements were also added by inserting eyeballs of bone and colored glass, applying eyelashes and eyebrows of separately cast fine strand of bronze, also insetting the lips & nipples w/ pinkish copper, and plating the teeth that show btw the parted lips. Originally he held a shield and sword, most likely commemorating a military victory

Bishop Bernwald

Tutors Otto III as the Bishop of Hildesheim from 993 until his death in 1022. His time in office fell during the era of the Saxon emperors, who had their roots in the area around Hildesheim and were personally related to Bernward. During this time, Hildesheim was a center of power in the Holy Roman Empire and Bernward was determined to give his city an image fitting for one of its stature. The column he planned on the model of Trajan's Column at Rome never came to fruition, but Bernward revived classical precedent by having his name stamped on roof tiles made under his direction.

Mamluks

Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries; eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria

catacombs

Underground cemeteries (kata=under, cumbo=lie down) Under Hadrian Romans renounced cremation Used because sacrosanct to Romans so not pursued Not used after 6th century Many early art examples found there

Giorgione

Venetian Artist: ambiguous meanings

Titian

Venetian Artist: revolutionized parts of art

Bellini

Venetian artist: abandoned fresco and tempera for oil

Pieta

Vesperbilder or Pieta: "devotion to duty" Virgin Mary with dead Christ on lap

Vesperbilder

Vesperbilder or Pieta: Gothic - grotesque

Vladimir Madonna

Virgin and child A demonstration of rejecting Iconoclasm Virgin of compassion This is supposed to be how Virgin held her child in reality, recorded by someone who painted an image at the scene Flat body, some drapery form, some modeling in face (copier images) Gold and Blue face of the child is mature (all known when born)

Gorgon Medusa

West pediment of temple of Artemis. Huge sculptures; very archaic with stylized hair, smile, bulging eyes

Taj Mahal

Western/Islamic Influence in Agra, India minarets, onion dome, pointed arches, pool (for reflection/irrigation), and vegetation

Four

What Dynasty made the pyramids at Giza?

Oriental

What Period? almond shape eye; very pale; contact with Africa and Asia Life size painted plaster head of a woman, goddess, or sphinx.. We know the head is female b/c of the white flesh tone. Hair and eyes are painted dark blue., almost black, lips ears and head band are red. Cheeks and chin are decorated w/ a ring of red dots, recalling facial paint or tattoos recorded on Early Cycladic female figures. The large menacing eyes give a scary expression, appropriate for a guardian like figure or sphinx. If not for the dicovery of the remains of this figure, historians might wrongly conclude that life size pieces were not part of the Mycenaen culture. However it is ok to conclude that this kind of Aegean work was rare. And we do not see this kind of monumental sculpture again until after the Dark Ages, when Greek sculptors were exposed to the sculptural tradition of Pharanoic Egypt.

San Vitale

What building has this plan?

Tower of Babble

What is this Dutch painting from the 1600s that references a ziggurat?

Plateresque, silversmith's design, ornamentation

What is this kind of art called? What is meant to look like? Very frilly.ornate Decoration not building itself - it's an ______________

John

Which evangelist? eagle

Matthew

Which evangelist? winged angel

Luke

Which evangelist? winged cow

Mark

Which evangelist? winged lion

Cordoba

Which great mosque is this dome from?

Phiale Painters, Hermes bringing the infant Dionysos to Papposilenos

White-ground vases became popular in the Classical Period. A highly refined clay slip produced the white ground on which the design elements were painted. After firing the vessel, the artists frequently added details and areas of bright and pastel hues using tempera, a paint made form egg yolks, water, and pigments. B/c the tempera paints were fragile, these colors flaked off easily, and a few perfect examples have survived

Brunelleschi

Who created this design?

Ghiberti

Who created this design?

Shamash

Who is the person sitting down on the right?

The Priam Painter, Women at a Fountain House

Women getting water (out of the house), red figure

Dickens and Zola

Writers of Avant-Guarde/Realism

Cupid/Cupid

Young child or infant of god of love

Ficoroni Cista, Novios Plautios

________ (title) __________ (artist) from Palestina but made in Rome tells story of Argonauts (based on long lost Greek panel painting in Rome) made of bronze cistae - containers for women's toiletry items gift form Dindia Macolnia (noblewoman) to her daughter

Constantine, acroliph, Milvian Bridge

__________ (title) _______ - trunk of the figure was made of wood, and the head, hands, and feet were made of marble. 312-315 - after battle with Maxentius - __________ ______ (battle) - commemorates victory and dominance originally held scepter, later orb/cross (Christian) west apse of Constantine-Maxentius Palace head idealistic - young body natural bulging eyes Inscription: "Through this son of salvation, rescued city, and restored throne" (propaganda) before destroyed, whole statue = Constantine sitting on throne Molvian Bridge = battle acroliph

Trajan's Column, Apollodorus of Damascus, Daccians, military

__________ (title) __________ (artist) victory over _______ shows ________ strategies of Romans 113 CE Empire commissioned by Roman Senate In Trajan's forum Trajan took down form top, St. Peter put up marble one of the 1st circular (spiral) friezes becomes standard of victory columns Trajans and wives ashes underneath propaganda son of Vespatis emperor

Portrait of the Elder, marble

__________ (title) __________ (medium) verism wisdom, intellect, knowledge, and experience

Late Republic, Patrician carrying Portrait Busts, verism

___________ (period) ___________ (title) carrying busts of ancestor ________-true representation of what the person looked like

Domus Aurea, Nero, Golden, coliseum

___________ (title) 64-68 CE - Rome Early Empire ______ pattern, Severus/cellar = archiects "________ House" concrete after Great Fire - built Great Palace frescoes and stucco ceiling _______ built on site

Tetrarchs, St Mark's, porphyry

___________ (title) Venice - corner of ______ Basilica ________ - purple rock (royalty and rare) 4 rulers: 2 senior emperors - Augusus and 2 ceasar 305 AD same but ceasars do not have beard - same = stylized and isocephalic symbolizes unity/stability since portraited together responsible and august from East - Diocletian

Arch of Constantine, three, roundels

___________ (title) ______ portals: more ornate on exterior, ________ - only arch - connecting Constantine to events in Roman time triumphal arch - 313 AD - late Empire victory over Maxentius converted to Christianity civil and military duties friezes from other monuments of emperors - time purposes: wanted to be on level with 3 emperors: Trajan, Hadrian, and Marcus Aurelius

Gemma Augustea, Dioscurides

___________ (title) ___________ (artist) - Augustus' favorite sculpture of gems Early Empire - meant to glorify Augustus ornament - made of onynx; low relief 2 registers - bottom = conquered barbarians at Parthia top = Augustus crowned by Tellis - coronoa covica - authority over all wife Livia - medalian in between with goat (Capricorn) beneath = eagle (Jupiter) left = sea serpent right = Germanicus Tiberius and winged Nike

Tutankhamun, Thebes

___________ returned Egypt to its traditional religious beliefs and changed his name; he also turned his back on Akhenaten's new city and moved his court to _______

Pantheon, Hadrian, oculus, coffered, exedra, self supporting, Marcus Agrippa

____________ (title) 118-128 AD - Empire Period _______ commissioned it rotunda and dome and _______ (opening in roof) and ________ ceiling _________ - niches all around and alternating with bronze statues 1st ______ ________ dome artist: _____________ made of concrete with brick facade temple to Olympian gods - Rome - walls = 20 feet thick; front = Corinthian columns perfect proportions and Middle Ages church

Hadrian's Villa, reflection pool

____________ (title) 125-138 CE Tivily great emperor - arts patron (Greek) canopus: Egyptian love shown in the ____________ caryatids - replicas of Erechthion caryatids vacation home for other rulers, too and entertainment

Septimius Severus and Family, Caracalla, Geta, poundel

____________ (title) 2 sons = _______ (defaced) and _______ ________ = portrait in the round from Egypt: 145-211 AD tempera on wood - egg yokes wife - daughter of Sirian priests only known painted portrait of him 1st emperor who was not a true Roman - born in Africa

Marcus Aurelius, equestrian, Constantine

____________ (title) ____________ portraiture 175 CE - bronze -like portraits of Augustus no weapons/armor - conquered by will of gods (reaching out to people) dominant figure over horse originally believed to be ____________ so saved and not melted down head like philosopher portrait: mix of Republican and Empire horse leg raised - may originally been a trampled barbarian underneath same family line as Hadrian and Trajan

Young Flavian Woman, drill

____________ (title) hair - made of _____ - new technique marble 90 CE Rome face = hammer and chiset don't know who she is - shows style of day

Arch of Titus, Judea

____________ (title) made by Domitian for brother Titus over defeat of _______ Rome - limestone and marble triumphal arch bringing spoils home from conquered people limestone and marble one side Jews possessions other side Titus coming in chariot

Ludovisi Sarcaphagus, horror vacui

____________ (title) piled on top of each other - _____________ coffin made of stone decorated with battle between barbarians and Romans anti-Classical marble: 250-260 AD: Rome, Italy mythms - on horse - leader

Euphronios, Euxitheos, Death of Sarpedon

_____________ (painter), _______________ (potter), ________________: on calyx krater (handles covered up); carried off battle field by Hypnos (sleep) and Thanatos (Death), watched by Hermes

Audience Hall of Constantius Chlorus, churches

_____________ (title) exterior view of basilica (law court with apse sticking out) archways (rounded) = Roman intact because become __________

Antinous, Hadrian, Osiris, marble

_____________ (title) lover of ________ (emperor) depicted as __________ ______ (Medium) holding Horus wands taking a step forward idealized contrapposta and negative space = not Egyptain compared to Khafra or Menkaure

Forum Boarium, Hercules, Tholos

______________ (title) believed to originally have been Temple of _______ ______ style Early Republic in cattle market colonnade all around - monopteral acanthus leaves and volutes all around - Corinthian with volujtess cella on inside store finished, with marble by river because associated with trade

Flavian Amphitheater, Coliseum, velarium, Vespasian, Titus, Dometian, harena, naval

______________ (title) now known as __________ used conquered Judeans as labor source entered through portal with ticket - tessera stone dressed in marble held together by metal clamps raise and lower an auning for shade - ________ lower level = senator and special seating for emperior/special people then middle class (equites) lower class - very upper region upper level - slaves, women and children (left at midday - because fight to death) dedicated to Flavian Emperors: _________, _______, and _______ animals and gladiators kept below - lifts to carry them up - ______ = sand covering mock ______ battles gladiators enslaved - could earn freedom

History Painting, Angelica Kauffmann, classical

______________= Highest form of painting ______________ inspired artists to paint __________ history

Family of Vunnerius Keramus, golden leaf, Vunnerius Hercules

_______________ (title) ___________ (material) - and sealed between glass Patron - _____________ ___________ Family Gropu 250 AD - start of Late Roman Empire architect unknown later in breasia cross tried to emphasize almond eyes and pupil

Maison Carre, Agrippa

________________ (title) 1-10 CE - Early Empire Corinthian and pseudo-peripteral Near Classical Augustan Style arch - Marcus Vipsanius _________ (did Pantheon) in Nimes, France limestone with marble chesing pediment looks like Temple of Fortunas - different because this one's Corinthian and in city

Fowling Scene, Nebamun

________________ from tomb of __________; papyrus, fish, more recent, realistic, still Egyptian convention

Surrealism

a 20th century movement of artists and writers (developing out of Dadaism) who used fantastic images and incongruous juxtapositions in order to represent unconscious thoughts and dreams;

Book of Durrow

a 7th-century illuminated manuscript gospel book in the Insular style the oldest extant complete illuminated Insular gospel book Weds abstraction of early Medieval personal adornment with Early Christian pictorial imagery Each of 4 Gospel Books - carpet page - facing a page dedicated to the symbol of the evangelist Elaborate interlace design - Highlight divisions of text

Book of Durrow

a 7th-century illuminated manuscript gospel book in the Insular style the oldest extant complete illuminated Insular gospel book contains a large illumination programme including six extant carpet pages, a full page miniature of the four evangelists' symbols, four full page miniatures, each containing a single evangelist symbol, and six pages with significant decorated initials and text. It is written in majuscule insular script (in effect the block capitals of the day), with some lacunae

bauhaus

a German style of architecture begun by Walter Gropius in 1918; arts and rafts; mass production destroyed art; form follows function squared off windows - businesses

oinochoe

a Greek wine jug with a round mouth and a curved handle

scarab

a beetle shaped ornament sacred to the Egyptians; it represented rebirth

codex

a book, or a group of manuscript pages (folios), held together by stitching or other binding on one side

treasury

a building or room for keeping valuable (and often holy) objects

baldichine

a canopy (whether suspended from the ceiling, projecting from a wall, or supported by columns) placed over an honorific or sacred space such as a throne or church altar

chartreuse

a charter house

trumeau

a column, pier, or post found at the center of a large portal or doorway, supporting the lintel

Ottonians

a dynasty of Germanic Kings (919-1024), named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin. The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings, after its earliest known member Liudolf and one of its primary leading-names. They are also regarded as the first dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, as successors of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and Charlemagne, who is commonly viewed as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire.

hieratic

a figure is made bigger to emphasize importance as opposed to putting them in the foreground

quatrefoil

a four-lobed decorative pattern common in Gothic art and architecture

cartoon

a full-scale drawing used to transfer the outline of design onto a surface (such as a wall, canvas, panel, or tapestry) to be painted, carved, or woven

congregation

a group of people who have come together

illuminated manuscript

a handwritten book decorated with bright colors and precious metals

minbar

a high platform or pulpit in a mosque

lintel

a horizontal element of any material carried by two or more vertical supports to form an opening

finial

a knoblike architectural decoration usually found at the top point of a spire, pinnacle, canopy, or gable; also found on furniture

apse

a large semicircular or polygonal (and usually vaulted) niche protruding from the end wall of a building; in a Christian church, it contains the altar

Propylon

a large, often elaborate gateway to a temple or other important building or group of buildings

basilica plan

a large, rectangular building; often built with a clerestory, side aisles separated from the center nave by colonnades and an apse at one or both ends; Roman centers for church use; Constantine's architects added a transverse aisle at the end of the nave called a transept

iwan

a large, vaulted chamber in a mosque with a monumental arched opening on one side

balustrade

a low barrier consisting of a series of short circular posts with a rail on top

trompe l'oeil

a manner of representation in which the appearance of natural space and objects is re-created with the express intention of fooling the eye of the viewer, who may be convinced that the subject actually exists as three-dimensional reality

burin

a metal instrument used in engraving to curt lines into the metal plate; the sharp end of it is trimmed to give a diamond-shaped cutting pint while the other end is finished with a wooden handle that fits into the engraver's palm

lost wax process

a method of casting metal, such as bronze, by a process in which a wax mold is covered with clay and plaster, then fired, melting the wax and leaving a hollow form molten metal is then poured into the hollow space and slowly cooled; when the hardened clay and plaster exterior shell is removed, a sold metal form remains to be smoothed and polished

travertine

a mineral building material similar to limestone, typically found in central Italy

slip

a mixture of clay and water applied to a ceramic object as a final decorative coat; also: a solution that binds different parts of a vessel together, such as the handle and the main body

abbey church

a monastery under the supervision of an abbot or a convent under the supervision of an abbess

Minotaur

a mythical monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man

Utrecht Psalter

a ninth century illuminated psalter which is a key masterpiece of Carolingian art; it is probably the most valuable manuscript in the Netherlands. It is famous for its 166 lively pen illustrations, with one accompanying each psalm and the other texts in the manuscript

folio

a page or leaf in a manuscript or book; also, a large sheet of paper or parchment, which, when folded twice and cut, produces four separate sheets; more generally, any large book

buon fresco

a painting technique in which water-based pigments are applied to a surface of wet plaster; the color is absorbed by the plaster, becoming a permanent part of the wall

international gothic

a phase of Gothic art which developed in Burgundy, Bohemia, France and northern Italy in the late 14th century and early 15th century. It then spread very widely across Western Europe In this period, artists and portable works such as illuminated manuscripts traveled widely around the continent, creating a common aesthetic among the royalty and higher nobility and considerably reducing the variation in national styles among works produced for the courtly elites. The main influences were northern France, the Duchy of Burgundy, the Imperial court in Prague, and Italy. Royal marriages such as that between Richard II of England and Anne of Bohemia also helped to spread the style. It was initially a style of courtly sophistication, but somewhat more robust versions spread to art commissioned by the emerging mercantile classes and the smaller nobility.

compound pier

a pier or large column with shafts, pilasters, or colonnettes attached to it on one or more sides

balustrade

a railing at the side of a staircase or balcony to prevent people from falling - looks like a fence; on Notre Dame for example

mihrab

a recess or niche that distinguishes the wall oriented toward Mecca (qibla) in a mosque

St Gall

a religious complex in the city of St. Gallen in present-day Switzerland. The Carolingian-era Abbey has existed since 719 and became an independent principality during the 13th century, and was for many centuries one of the chief Benedictine abbeys in Europe. It was founded by Saint Othmar on the spot where Saint Gall had erected his hermitage. The library at the Abbey is one of the richest medieval libraries in the world

scriptorium

a room in a monastery for writing or copying manuscripts

sanctuary

a sacred or holy enclosure used for worship; in ancient Greece and Rome, consisted of one or more temples an an altar

caryatid

a sculpture of a draped female figure acting as a column supporting an entablature

module

a segment or portion of a repeated design; also, a basic building block

canon of proportions

a set of ideal mathematical ratios based on measurements of the human body

kylix

a shallow Greek vessel or cup, used for drinking, with a wide mouth and a small handle near the rim

entasis

a slight swelling of the shaft of a Greek column; this optical illusion makes the column appear from afar to be straight

Lekythos

a slim Greek oil vase with one handle and a narrow mouth

Tholos

a small, round building; sometimes built underground, as in a Mycenaean tomb

stelae

a stone slab placed vertically and decorated with inscriptions or reliefs; used as a grave marker or memorial

post and lintel

a structure consisting of vertical beams (posts) supporting a horizontal beam (lintel)

red figure

a style and technique of ancient Greek vase painting characterized by red clay-colored figures on a black background; the figures are reversed against a painted grown and the details are drawn, not engraved

minimalism

a style of art in which objects are stripped down to their elemental geometric form and presented in an impersonal manner No symbolism/metaphors = simplicity "What you see if what you see"

naturalistic

a style of depiction that seeks to imitate the appearance of nature; appears to record the visible world

black figure

a style or technique of ancient Greek pottery in which black figures are painted on a red clay ground

catacomb

a subterranean burial ground consisting of tunnels on different levels, having niches for urns and sarcophagi and often incorporating rooms (cubiculae); worship originally happened there

base

a support or foundation of a column

ankh

a symbol for everlasting life often worn as an amulet on the wrist or ankle

perspective

a system for representing three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface

abacus

a tablet placed horizontally on top of the capital of a column as an aid in supporting the architrave

column

a tall cylindrical vertical upright and used to support a structure: from the abacus to the stylobate

obelisk

a tall, four-sided stone shaft, hewn from a single block, that tapers at the top and is completed by a pyramidion

lancet

a tall, narrow window crowned by a sharply pointed arch, typically found in Gothic architecture

cruciform

a term describing anything that is cross-shaped, as in a plan of a church

Great Mother

a term used to refer to a goddess who represents motherhood, fertility, creation or embodies the bounty of the Earth; Cult of her flourished on Crete, especially in conjunction with a bull

pediment

a triangular gable between a horizontal entablature and a sloping roof

triglyph

a triple projecting, grooved member of a doric frieze that alternates with metopes

white ground

a type of ancient Greek pottery in which the background color of the object is painted with a slip that turns white in the firing process; figures and details were added by painting on or incising into this slip; were popular in the Classical period as funerary objects

genre

a type of category of artistic form, subject, technique, style, or medium; a term used to loosely categorize paintings depicting scenes of everyday life, including (among others) domestic interiors, parties, inn scenes, and street scenes

arabesque

a type of linear surface decoration based on foliage and calligraphic forms, usually characterized by flowing lines and swirling shapes

still life

a type of painting that has as its subject inanimate objects (such as food, dishes, fruit, or flowers)

woodcut

a type of print made by carving a design into a wooden block; the ink is applied to the block with a roller; as the ink remains only on the raised areas between the carved away lines, these carved away areas and lines provide the white areas of the print; Also: the process by which the woodcut is made

broken pediment

a variation on the traditional pediment, with an open space at the center of the topmost angle and/or the horizontal cornice

rib vault

a vault in which the diagonal and transverse ribs compose a structural skeleton that partially supports the masonry web between them; ribs (extra masonry) demarcate the junctions of a groin vault; ribs may function to reinforce the groins or may be purely decorative

relic

a venerated object associated with a saint or martyr

quiblah wall

a wall in a mosque which is usually beautifully decorated; It is also called a prayer wall; faces towards Mecca

parchment

a writing surface made from treated skins of animals

kouros

a young Greek man who is not clothed; free standing, Archaic smile, large eyes, static

kore

a young Greek woman who is fully clothed; free standing, Archaic smile, large eyes, static

giornate

adopted from the Italian term meaning "a day's work," it is the section of a fresco plastered and painted in a single day

Etruscan Wolf

alert, snarling, protective, aware, tense, watchful, fierce very thin body wolves have no manes or curly ringlets of hair face is not wolflike story of Romulus and Remus suckled by the She-Wolf; later became founders of Rome

isocephalic

all figures are the same height

mandorla

almond shaped aureola

Ara Pacis

altar of Augustus piece Early empire unification of piece of the Empire sacifice South -> imperial families (specific people waiting in line for ceremony) north -> senators west -> Romulus and Numa east -> Pax Morner of Earth holding babies Mielder -> 20th century artist to enclose Ara Pacis marble

crenellation

alternate high and low sections of a wall, giving a notched appearance and creating permanent defensive shields in the walls of fortified buildings (seen in this sculpture of "The Assault with the Battering Ram"

variegated

alternating pattern of color

Kouros

an Archaic Greek statue of a young man or boy

Kore

an Archaic Greek statue of a young women

madrasa

an Islamic institution of higher learning, where teaching is focused on theology and law

contrapposto

an Italian term meaning "set against," used to describe the twisted pose resulting from parts of the body set in opposition to each other around a central axis

chiaroscuro

an Italian word designating the contrast of dark and light in a painting, drawing, or print; creates spatial depth and volumetric forms through gradations in the intensity of light and shadow

Delian League

an alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians

amphora

an ancient Greek jar for storing oil or wine, with an egg-shaped body and two curved handles

Krater

an ancient Greek vessel for mixing wine and water, with many subtypes that each have a distinctive shape

flying buttresses

an arch built on the exterior of a building that transfers the thrust of the roof vaults at important stress points through the wall to a detached buttress pier leading to the wall buttress

squinch

an arch or lintel built across the upper corners of a square space, allowing a circular or polygonal dome to be more securely set above the walls

frieze

an architectural ornament consisting of a horizontal sculptured band between the architrave and the cornice

triptych

an artwork made up of three panels; the panels may be hinged together so that the side segments (wings) fold over the central area

guild

an association of craftspeople; the medieval one had great economic power, as it set standards and controlled the selling and marketing of its members products, and as it provided economic protection, group solidarity, and training in the craft to its members

Ebbo Gospels

an early Carolingian illuminated Gospel book known for an unusual, energetic style of illustration; very realistic and had movement; naturalistic background (Rome); figures dressed like Greek/Roman philosophers Replaced classical calm ad solidity with energy that amounts to frenzy Matthew writing in frantic haste - not settled New Carolingian vernacular Merged Classical illusionism and norther line or tradition Nat

Ebbo Gospels

an early Carolingian illuminated Gospel book known for an unusual, energetic style of illustration; very realistic and had movement; naturalistic background; figures dressed like Greek/Roman philosophers

Cloisonne

an enamel technique in which metal wire or strips are affixed to the surface to form the design; the resulting areas are filled with enamel (colored glass)

Landau Gospels

an illuminated manuscript in the Morgan Library in New York, which is important for its illuminated text, but still more so for its treasure binding, or metalwork covers, which are of different periods. The oldest element of the book is what is now the back cover, which was probably produced in the later 8th century in modern Austria, but in the context of missionary settlements from Britain or Ireland, as the style is that of the Insular art of the British Isles. The upper cover is late Carolingian work of about 880, and the text of the gospel book itself was written and decorated at the Abbey of Saint Gall around the same time, or slightly later

icon

an image in any material representing a sacred figure or event in the Byzantine, and later the Orthodox, Church; were venerated by the faithful, who believed them to have miraculous powers to transmit messages to God

stylus

an instrument with a pointed end (used for writing and printmaking), which makes a delicate line or scratch; Also: a special writing tool for cuneiform writing with one pointed end and one triangular wedge end

engraving

an intaglio printmaking process of inscribing an image, design, or letters onto a metal or wood surface from which a print is made; is usually drawn with a sharp implement (burin) directly onto the surface of the plate; Also: the print made from this process

Agora

an open space in a Greek town used as a central gathering place or market

cloister

an open space, part of a monastery, surrounded by an arcaded or colonnaded walkway, often having a fountain and garden, and dedicated to nonliturgical activities and the secular life of the religious; members of a cloistered order do not leave the monastery or interact with others

ewer

an open vessel with a handle and a spout for pouring

quatrefoil

an ornamental form that has four lobes or foils; it may resemble a four-petaled flower.

glazes

an outermost layer of vitreous liquid that, upon firing, renders ceramics waterproof and forms a decorative surface; a transparent layer of paint that is laid over another

Siphian Treasury

ancient Greek archaic Delphi; caryatids

easel painting

any painting of small to intermediate size that can be executed on an artist's easel

orthogonal city plan

any plan for a building or city that is based exclusively on right angles, such as the grid plan of many modern cities

central plan

any structure designed with a primary central space surrounded by symmetrical areas on each side

longitudinal plan

any structure designed with a rectangular shape; the nave is longer than the transept, and in which parts are symmetrical against an axis; ex: basilica

Mnesikles

architect of Erechtheion

Kallikrates

architect of Temple of Nike

Kallikrates and Iktinos

architects of Parthenon

Roman painting style #3

architectural design

Snake Goddess

are associated with water, regenerative power, and protection of the home. This image is intriguing both as a ritual object and as a work of art. She is made of faience ceramic glaze appearing illustrious. She was found with other ceremonial objects in a pit in one of Knossos's store rooms; Most Minoan sculpture in the round is small, represents a mortal attendant not a deity, although the large breasts suggest fertility goddess. Snakes in hands, leopard rests peacefully on her head; this implies power over the animal world. Frontality is reminiscent of the Egyptian and Near Eastern figures but the dress is clearly Minoan. Open bodice, flounced skirt, is seen on Minoan women over and over. Most likely this statuette represents a goddess and is another example of human beings fashioning their gods in their own images.

masqsura

area reserved for the caliph & family

composition

arrangement (foreground, middleground, background)

Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions

artwork created to show power/technology of one ruler; created in intimidate enemies

Bishop Bernwald

as the Bishop of Hildesheim from 993 until his death in 1022. His time in office fell during the era of the Saxon emperors, who had their roots in the area around Hildesheim and were personally related to Bernward. During this time, Hildesheim was a center of power in the Holy Roman Empire and Bernward was determined to give his city an image fitting for one of its stature. The column he planned on the model of Trajan's Column at Rome never came to fruition, but Bernward revived classical precedent by having his name stamped on roof tiles made under his direction.

Last Judgment

at Aimes Cathedral Christ in judgment Angels above Below Christ: left to purgatory, right to Hell Mouth

Temple of Zeus

at Olympia; doric columns; statue of god made of ivory, gold and marble, so pillaged

Court of the Lions

at the Alhambra stylized lions

Massacre of Innocents

at the time of the birth of Jesus, Herod, hoping to squelch any possible threat to his throne, ordered the death of all males babies born in Bethlehem during a two-year period determined by the appearance of an extraordinary "star in the East." Joseph, warned in a dream, took Mary and Jesus and fled to Egypt, thus escaping the massacre.

Seated Scribe

at tomb of Kai; shows high position in society because writing/reading rare; almost always seated - use kilt as surface; stylus on papyrus; not idealized - realisitic

cathedral complex

baptistry, cathedral, bell tower

Treasury of Atrius

beehive tomb of Agamemnon; post and lintel design with relief triangle; no concrete - only stone

Athenian Acropolis

began as an open space for artists and farmers would display their wares; over time public and private structures were erected

Euphronios

best known red figure painter; especially known for his study of human anatomy

Maxiniamus

bishop of Ravenna shown in Justinian's mosaic

dressed stone

blocks of stone that have been cut and shaped to fit in a particular place for a particular purpose; Minoans had first use of this

lapis lazuli

blue color

Hippopotamus

blue from habitat with lotus blossoms so in tangle of plants; jade or ceramic or wood

Holland

bourgeois

Sesostris I

bowling hat = Upper (in this sculpture); shows also with Lower Egypt Chair Hat but never together; wood -> plastic -> paint; free-standing

Menelaus

brother is the king of Sparta; marries Helen

St Patrick

brought Christianity to Ireland and learning flourished 5th century

Fauvist

brushstrokes wild with strong color - first impression of colors theme simplistic and abstract in nature - not all details - just colors and shapes pointalism/Van Gogh's works influential "Wild beasts of color"

rock-cut tombs

burial places hollowed out of the faces of cliffs

Sutton Hoo

burial ship treasure which was buried in a mount in East Anglia - believed to be royal - found a collection of expensive luxury items

moscophoros

calf-bearer; Archaic smile, hair, and eyes

Napoleon

called for the first excavation of Egyptian pyramids

Ottoman Turks

captured Constantinople in 1453 and rename it Istanbul; as a result the Byzantine people flee to Italian City-States which becomes a catalyst for the expansion of language and art

Ashlar masonry

carefully cut stones-was used around doors and windows and corners

Myron, Discus Thrower

catches the athlete in a critical moment, the breathless instant before the concentrated energy of his body will unwind to propel the discus into space. His torso is coiled tightly into a forward arch, and his powerful throwing arm is poised at the top of his backswing

pilgrimmage church

church that someone would make a pilgrimmage to (for a relic or piece of artwork)

monopteral/tholos

circular sphere

Sumer

cities and city states around rivers of Southern Mesopotamia; copper and bronze; wagon wheel, plow; cuneiform

vedute

city views; souvenir art

temple complex

cluster of religious, administrative, and service buildings

Rahotep and Nofret

color of skin and make-up: men more tan, women white; more realistic; looking past-prospective; limestone

peripteral

columns (peristyle) all around outside; both ends the same

peristyle

columns all around interior

Roman painting style #4

combination of 3 styles; fresco buon technique (wet plaster applied to wall); red and yellow = Pompeiian

Aphrodite of Melos (Venus de Milo)

combination of Classical and Hellenistic but falls in Hellenistic period; not emotional, perfect, half-draped, S-curve

dipteral

combination of peristyle/peripteral: columns on inside and all around; least frequently seen

Priestess of Bacchus

commemorates a marriage and joining of two families 390-401 AD - Late Empire ivory diptyzh dedicated to Bacchus - wine shows pagan religious practices typical Roman dress other side = husband's family

Djoser

commissioned the earliest known monumental architecture in Egypt; six mastaba like elements of decreasing size on top of each other

Haito

commissioner of St Gall

Manetho

compiled a chronological list of Egypt's rulers since the most ancient times; grouped kings into dynasties and included length of each king's reign

Chimaera

composite ancient animal with a lion's head and body, a goat's neck springing from the spine, and a snake for a tail angry, snarling, wounded, the chimera is posed for attack richly articulated anatomy; spikelike mane; hurt defensive posture

Elam

conflicted with Mesopotamia but also had close cultural ties; stole treasure from Mesopotamia to Susa (their capital)

subject matter

context in which the art is made (ex: social, religious, political, and economic)

Hathor

cow with really long horns and a female face

Chinoseries

creates a scene in a country he never visited - creates it in his imagination

graver

cutting tool used by engravers and sculptors

Lady of Auxerre

daedalic style; Most likely she originated in Crete. Maiden (female = Kore pl. Kori), statue of a goddess. Popularly named after the French town that is her oldest known provenance. We are uncertain as to whether she is a mortal or a deity. She wears a long skirt and a cape, as seen on the Prinias women, but the Auxerre maiden has no headdress. The right hand across the chest is most likely a gesture of prayer, this indicates that this is a kore. Only a little over 2 feet tall this figure appears to be much larger than she actually is, however she is smaller than the seated goddess of Prinias, but larger than most of the bronze pieces of this era. This figure is Daedalic, after the legendary artist, Daedalus, whose name means the skillful one. Characteristic of the daedalic style is the triangular flat-topped head framed by long strands of hair that form complementary triangles to that of the face. Also typical are the small belted waist and a fondness for pattern: the pattern on the skirt is covered with geometric squares, once brightly painted.

Enheduama

daughter of Sargon I of Akkad: princess and high priestess

Ariadne

daughter of king who falls in in with Theses; gets dumped on island-Naxos

senusert

death mask

Battle of Issus

decisive battle (333 BC) in which Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III

apotheosis

deification of a person or thing; in art, often shown as an ascent to heaven or glory, borne by an eagle, angels, or putti

Khafra

depicted on lion throne (regal authority); Horus on back of head; lotus and papyrus on throne = united

Adoration of the Magi

depiction of the visit of the Christ child by the three kings from the East

Dark Age

depopulation, poverty, loss of outside contact

Theater of Pompeii

design evolves into amphi (both) theaters for naval battles and gladiatorial shows

incising

design or inscription is cut into a hard surface (like clay) with a sharp instrument; used with stamps to sign documents and seal document

Assurbanipal and His Queen in the Garden

domestic scene of celebration

fete galante

elegant outdoor entertainment

peplos kore

encaustic painting (wax); wears simple long woolen belted garment, gives female figure a column like appearance

pseudo-dipteral

engaged

Ishtar Gate

entrance to the city of Babylon; goes to the Temple of Marduk; symbol of power; tiers of mushhushshu

Portal of Cordoba

entryway horseshoe

Shahnama

epic poem written by Ferdowsi, talks about the epic of Iran and related society, talks about the adherents of Zoroastrianism

Hellenistic

everyday mortals, individual emotion, melodramatic, figures plunge into space, demand an emotional response from the viewer

Sir Arthur Evans

excavated Palace of Knossos; developed chronology from Minoan Art

sham buildings

exquisitely carved masonry shells filled with debris; provided so dead king could continue to observe the sed rituals that had ensured his long reign

Thutmose III

extended influence of Egypt; first to be called pharaoh: "Great House"

Dome of Masjid-i Shah

exterior decorated Islamic: calligraphy, arabesque, etc

veneer

exterior facing

lamassus

extraordinary guardian-protectors of palaces and throne rooms; 5 legs: front=immobile, side=mobile, symbolize strength of ruler they defend and wealth (=power); inspire civic pride and fear

High

exuberance of Bernini & Rubens

wedjat

eye of Horus

Uruk female

eyebrows meet (very Mesopotamian), cheeks bulge, eyebrows inlaid

capriccio

fanciful or naturalistic

Alexander the Great

father = Phillip of Macedonia; tutor = Aristotle, united Greek city states, used coin to spread image

Pisano

father and son who sculpted pulpit at Pisa

horror vacui

fear of empty space

red figure

figures left unpainted and turned black in the firing opposite of black figure painter

Imhotep

first architect in Egypt; Prime minister to Djoser and designed his funerary complex

Uruk

first independent city-state; 2 temple complexes; Inama and Anu

mastaba

flat-topped, one-story building with slanted walls erected above an underground burial chamber; most common tomb structure; mud brick, later cut stone

Palette of Narmer

for first king; for make-up on eyes to reflect sun; left=conquering of people; right=unity; uses pictographs to convey that he ruled over a unified Egypt with a strong hand; put each part of body in most characteristic angle: head in profile, eyes frontal, shoulders frontal, and hips, legs, and feet in profile

Delian League

formed against Persia: Athens in charge of money, but spend it on city-state = Pelopenisian Wars

groin vault

formed at the point at which two barrel vaults intersect at right angles; also known as a cross vault

Repousse

formed in relief by beating a metal plate from the back, leaving the impression on the face

oracles

fortune tellers (most important = Delphi)

Heinrich Schliemann

found Hissarlik - with Troy; driven by literacy about Trojan War in the Iliad and the Odyssey

Abd al-Rahman

founder of the Ummayad dynasty

fresco secco

fresco created by painting on dried plaster, and the color may flake off

Alexander the Great Confronts Darius III at the Battle of Issos

fresco, original mosaic; Alexander the Great conquering while Darius retreats

Alhambra

from Granada, Spain

St Luke

from Ottonian Gospel East - like Christ in Mandorla - attributes show person

Sculptors at Work

from Saqqara Dynasty (5th); sculptors in conventional pose while statues in full profile (reality)

Woman Spinning

from Susa

Flotilla fresco

from port of Akrotiri on island of Thera in the Cycladic Islands; Akrotini was destroyed by a volcano and rediscovered in 1967

vertical shaft

from top of mastaba to burial chamber

double anta temple

front and back the same

Sarcophagus with Indian Triumph

funerary art Dionysius 215-225 AD marble - from Greece; found in Rome late Imperial panthers - celebration of Dionysius and return from India and exotic animals bird's nests and snake attackign a lizard on teh tree nymphs on Dionysius's shoulders 2nd register - Dionysius life cycle - demigod - father Zeus and mother Semele (human) saw Zeus in god form and burst into ashes - Dionysius protected

Mask of Agamemnon

funerary mask-for spirit; repousse; may not actually be him; More primitive than that of King Tut's funerary mask. However it is the Greeks 1st attempt to render the human face at life size. Not known if the Mycenaean masks were intended to be exact portraits, but different facial features are recorded with care. There is a distinct difference from that of the young faces and the mature ones. This mask is of a mature man indicated by the facial hair., perhaps a king.

propylaia

gate of Athenian Acropolis

Niobid Painters, Apollo and Artemis slaying the children of Niobe

get their name from this krater where one side is devoted to the massacre of the Niobids, the children of Niobe, by Apollo and Artemis. Niobe, who had 12 children boosted she was superior to the goddess Leto, who only had 2 kids. To punish her arrogance and teach the lesson that no mortal could be superior to any god or goddess, Leto sent her 2 children to slay all of Niobi's sons and daughters. Schematic landscape among rocks and trees, disposed figures on several levels. Actively interacting with their setting. One son fallen on rocky outcropping & he's partially hidden by it. Face is draw in 3 quarter view, something not attempted before

Osiris

god of the underworld (mummified)

Maat

god of truth (woman with ostrich feather in hair)

Amasis Painter, Dionysos with Maenads

god with female worshippers

Aphrodite/Venus

goddess of love

florin

gold coin of Florence

graphic

graphite, ink, charcoal, pencil, crayon, etc.

Pop Art

ground in consumer culture and mass media Originated in London in work of Independent Group (IG) Revive traditional tools - used to convey meanign

fresco cycle

group of frescos that go together to make a story from the bible, technique that employs optical illusion to make an object appear farther away, closer, larger or smaller than it actually is

hand mirror

handle is formed by figure of a slender women, balancing a giant lotus blossom on her head; can be thought of as an attendant obediently holding the mirror for the person wishing to gaze in or or a fertility goddess supporting the sun disk to symbolize the blessings of Aten and the hope that the deceased would live eternally in peace

lyre

harp; from tomb of King Meskalamdus or Ur; with bull (blue beard)

Early

harsh realism of Caravaggio

Illuminated Manuscript

have a long tradition. The picture and written word was developed in Egypt, and was advanced to a high degree in Hellenistic Greece. Thousands of manuscripts told stories of the Hebrew, Greek and Christian Culture that were available to the Early Christians to draw from for their mosaics. Constantine summoned numerous savants and literati from Alexandria, an intellectual center for both Jews and pagans since Hellenistic times. He established a library where these authorities gave instruction. He also was a great donar of manuscripts to the Church. Therefore Constantinople became a center of traditional and Christian learning which was transmitted by copying and recopying manuscripts through the centuries. The long scroll that was used by the Eygptians, Greeks, Etruscans and Romans was replaced by the codex, made like modern books to separate pages enclosed with a cover and bound on one side. The original material papyrus was replaced with vellum (calfskin) which was much more durable as well as parchment (lambskin). This helped the survival of these ancient documents. The script was carefully copied as faithfully as possible as well as the pictures within them. The shift went from scrolls, continuous narratives, to the codex, a series of individual pictures.

Rameses II at Abu Simbel

helped Egypt become a mighty empire; temple has 4 sculptures of him - isocephalic

Rameses II at Luxor

helped Egypt become a mighty empire; temple has an obelisk in the foreground

ignudi

heroic figures of nude young men

Samuel Annoiting David

hierarctic; Biblical tales but in Roman clothing

Menkaure Triad

high relief; Hother and nomes-divisions of Egypt; Menkaure=most important because stepped forward and bigger

Spring Fresco Landscape

hills, rocks, swallows, and flowers (bright colors against neutral lines)

Quran

holy book of Islam

mushhushshu

horned dragons with the head and body of a snake, forelegs of a lion, and hind legs of a bird of prey - sacred to Marduk (patron god of Neo-Babylon); found on Ishtar Gate

color

hue, value (light or dark?), saturation/intensity (bright or dull?)

ka

human life force, or spirit; lived on after death-needs body, so sculptures

study of content

iconography (study of symbols)

Book of Kells

illuminated manuscript Gospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament together with various prefatory texts and tables. It was created by Celtic monks ca. 800 or slightly earlier. The text of the Gospels is largely drawn from the Vulgate, although it also includes several passages drawn from the earlier versions of the Bible known as the Vetus Latina. It is a masterwork of Western calligraphy and represents the pinnacle of Insular illumination. It is also widely regarded as Ireland's finest national treasure.

Vesperbilder

image of the Virgin with the dead Christ; Created as an object of private devotion

votive

images dedicated to the gods or God; solemn

crock and flail

implement used in threshing grain; both symbols closely associated with Osiris and were a traditional part of the royal regalia at the time

Palatine Chapel

in Aachen Germany like San Vitale but simple - massive geometric form foreshadows Romanesque royal chapel - Coronation of Louis the Pious - Charlemagne's son Central plan Upper level columns not for support - decorative

tympanium

in Classical architecture, the vertical panel of the pediment; in medieval and later architecture, the area over a door enclosed by an arch and a lintel, often decorated with sculpture or mosaic

tympanum

in Classical architecture, the vertical panel of the pediment; in medieval and later architecture, the area over a door enclosed by an arch and a lintel, often decorated with sculpture or mosaic

pinnacle

in Gothic architecture a steep pyramid decorating the top of another element such as a buttress

stoa

in Greek architecture, a long roofed walkway, usually having columns on one long side and a wall on the other

radiating chapels

in Medieval churches, chapels for the display of relics that opened directly onto the ambulatory and the transcept

St Chapelle

in Paris not a church, but a reliquary rayonnant - light through stained glass

Great Mosque of Cordoba

in Spain Capital = Cordoba Hypostyle hall with 36 piers and 514 columns with double tiered arches for roof support Tesserae (tiles) for mosaics were brought from Constantinople as were the mosaicists Dome over the mihrab is on octagon of squinches Mosaics are by same mosaicists who completed the maqsura Ribs crisscross to form intricate decoration church rises out of center

stadium

in ancient Greece, a race track with tiers of seats for spectators

oculus

in architecture, a circular opening; usually found either as windows or at the apex of a dome; when at the top of a dome, is either open to the sky or covered by a decorative exterior lantern

cartouche

in architecture, a decorative device or plaque, usually with a plain center used for inscriptions or epitaphs

jamb

in architecture, the vertical element found on both sides of an opening in a wall, and supporting an arch or lintel

galleries

in church architecture, the stories found above the side aisles of a church, usually open to and overlooking the nave

galleria

in church architecture, the story found above the side aisles of a church, usually open to and overlooking the nave also, in secular architecture, a long room, usually above the ground floor in a private house or a public building used for entertaining, exhibiting pictures, or promenading; also a building or all in which art is displayed or sold

Queen Nefertari Making an Offering to Isis

in her tomb; queen wears the vulture skin headdress of royalty, a royal collar, and a long semitransparent white linen gown; goddess, seated on her throne behind a table heaped with offerings, holds a long scepter in her left hand, the ankh in her right: she, too wears the vulture headdress, but hers is surmounted by the horns of Hathor framing a sun disk, clear indications of her divinity; skin color of females darker than usually and eyes and lips stand out before

Joseph in Prison

in prison with two other criminals; interpret their dreams - all released from prison

syncretism

in religion or philosophy, the union of different ideas or principles

stylized

intellectual or artistic idea, not naturalistic appearance; ex. beard/hair, body parts

Praxiteles, Hermes and Infant Dionysos

interaction and S-curve/sway

Temple of Nike

ionic; amphi-prostyle; the earliest Ionic temple on the Acropolis, compensated by its prominent position on a steep bastion at the south west corner of the Acropolis to the right of the entrance (propylaea). There the citizens worshipped the goddess in hope of a prosperous outcome in the long war fought on land and sea against the Spartans and their allies. The Temple was an expression of Athens' ambition to be the leading Greek city state in the Peloponnese. The Temple sits within the sanctuary of Athena Nike, atop a bastion on the south flank of the great stair to the Athenian Acropolis

King Redwald Burial Mask

iron-forged, like steel, brass, gold, and silver plate over it

Anubis

jackal-headed god; embalmer; "opens mouth" of dead

Paris

judge in Turkey judging apple contest between Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite; chooses Aphrodite who promises him a beautiful woman (Helen)

King Aegeus

kills himself when Theses forgets to put up a white sail to show that he defeated the minotaur

boss

knob or protrusion of stone or wood; at the top of a Corinthian capital

Garden of Nebanum

landscape on his tomb

Semitic

language of Muslims

photography

late 19th century

register

levels of art on a vase

Exekias, Ajax and Achilles

limits conflict to a board game; Attic black amphora, whole vessel 24". Made by the best black figure painter ever. Intricate engraved cloak patterns and highlights with delicate touches of white. The arched formed by the backs of the figures is echoes the shape of the rounded shoulders of the amphora. The negative space between the 2 figures also echoes the shape of the vessel. The diagonal spears lead the viewers eye to the table of dice and the figures are looking down but theirs eyes are starring out at us like the old style. Even w/ his artistic brilliance he is still wedded to the old manner

Leochares?, Apollo Belvedere

little emotion, perfection in proportions, drapery

Lower

located in Northern Egypt; chair shaped hat

Upper

located in Southern Egypt; bowling pin shaped hat

Beni Hasan

location of Rock cut tombs in first intermediate period

clerestory

long row of windows openings - provide light and ventilation

bas/low relief

low raised

Carolingian miniscule

lower case letters

parish church

lowest ecclesiastical geographical subdivision of a church

Katholicon

major temple (church building) of a monastery, or diocese in the Eastern Orthodox Church; basilica and domes and spires, brick

assemblage

making three-dimensional or two-dimensional artistic compositions by putting together found objects

Octavian (Augustus)

manipulated Romans with a political lie

pylon

massive gateway formed by pair of tapering walls of oblong shape

northosite gneiss

material statue of Khafra is made of from Nubia that glows blue in sunlgiht

Hagia Sophia

means Holy wisdom. Combination of basilica and vaults Largest dome in the West to date Like Galla Placidia dome rests on pendentives(4 triangular sections which appear to hang) Pendentives are Byzantines greatest contribution Built of brick- necessitated buttresses Imperial place of worship It was the most important contribution of Justinian's reign. It is located in Constantinople. Justinian built many civic and religious structure. People were taxed greatly for the expense. Hagia Sophia, was built for Justinian by the architects Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus between 532 and 537. It is a huge structure, 270 feet long and 240 feet wide. The dome is 108 feet in diameter, and the crown rises 180 feet above the pavement. From the outside the great dome dominates, but the exterior was altered with huge buttresses and four Turkish minarets were constructed after the Ottoman conquest in 1453 when Hagia Sophia became an Islamic mosque. Now, in the 21st century, the building is a museum and nondenominational. The exterior plainness is in contrast to the exquisite interior. The huge narthex with its many entrances leads into the center of the structure, where a canopy like dome seems to be on a halo of light from the windows in the base of the dome. The dome rests on four pendentives, which is a major contribution from Byzantium to architectural engineering. It uses brick instead of concrete marking a further departure from Roman practice. The nave was reserved by the clergy and the congregation were placed in the galleries and aisles. This allowed only partial view of the ceremony. The emperor alone was allowed into the sanctuary, symbolically unifying church and state. At Hagia Sophia the combination of Greek theology, the ambitions of Rome, the vaulting tradition of the Near East and the mysticism of Eastern Christianity combine to create a magnificent monument.

Hermes/Mercury

messenger and herald of the gods

multiple

mixed media

St Alexander Reliquary

modeled on earlier Roman portrait busts (Julius Caesar, etc) silver - repousse decorated with bronze and gold and precious jems brass base - 2 saints with Pope Alexander II human sized head

Theodora

mosaic Court on her left and churchmen on her right Baptismal bowl tips forward (attempted perspective) Halo is flat (no perspective) Halos for spiritual and earthly power Tesserae reflect natural light The empress is also richly clothed and jeweled in the imperial purple. She is depicted before entering the church from the narthex. Possibly b/c of her humble beginnings (as the daughter of the feeder of the bears at the circus of Constantinople and her stage career as an actress) she appears more royal than the king. Procopius= cronicler of Justinian's reign said of Theodora that she fed the geese of the devil while on stage and the sheep of Christ when she sat on the throne. On the hem of her robe the offertory motif is carried out by the embroidered figures of the Three Wise Men, the first bearers of gifts of Christ. Since the Wise Men, Justinian, and Theodora all cam from the East, this motif served as a reminder to the people of Ravenna that the source of wisdom and power lay in that direction. These 2 portraits are especially precious b/c they are among the few surviving representations of the vanished glories of Byz courtly ceremonies.

Justinian

mosaic frontal Left is clergy Right is military and court officials Gold background In the apse of San Vitale, facing the altar from opposite sides, are two panels in mosaic that portray the leading figures of the early Byzantine rule in Ravenna. In this image we see Emperor Justinian appearing in the midst of his courtiers. On the other, facing him as an equal, is the Empress Theodora in all her sovereign splendor. It is significant that the finest existing portrait of Justinian should be mosaic rather than in the form of a sculptured bust, a bronze figure on horseback or a colossal statue. It is just this medium that could best capture the unique spirit of his life and times. Justinian based his rule on the skillful use of legal and theological formulas as well as on naked military might. He was mainly concerned w/ codification of Roman law, presiding at religious councils, and reconciling different political points of view. This is all evident in this composition, in fact he is represented as a symbol of unity btw the spiritual force of the church on one hand and the temporal power of the state on the other. Preceding Justinian in the procession are the clergy men, and we see Arch bishop Maximian identified by name. His crucifix is held up as the spiritual and temporal lord of Ravenna. On Justinian's other side we see his courtiers and honor guard holding their jeweled swords. The shield w/ Chrismon insignia points to the status of the soldiers as defenders of faith. The Chrismon was a widely used monogram of the time, made of 2 Greek letters CHI (X) & RHO (P), which together form the abbreviation of Christ. Somewhat more allegorically, the letters become a combination of the Cross and the Sheppard's crook, which symbolize the Savior's death and pastoral mission. Justinian stands in the center magnificently clothed and crowned w/ imperial diadem. The observer is forced to recognize that his is no ordinary royal person but rather one who could sign his name as Emperor Caesar Flavius, Justinianus, Alamanicus, Francicus, Germanicus, etc. As great as Justinian's military exploits were, it is his works of peace that have endured. He is also remembered for his monumental code the Digest of Laws which prevailed for centuries through out Western world.

Nebuchadnezzar

most famous ruler of Neo-Babylon; built temples to the gods and improved Neo-Babylon

The Black Stone

most sacred stone in Islam

Sparta

most warlike Greek city-state

tapestry

multicolored pictorial or decorative weaving meant to be hung on a wall or placed on furniture

Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos

naked woman - challenged tradition; s-curve; island supported artist when patron wouldn't pay

St Lazarre

narrative - dedactic lunette - tympanum trumeau with jambs lintel - all people naked and trying to cover themselves - HANDS (God) pluck them up -> judgment (scales) - purgatory or condemned to Hell/fed to Hell mouth and not coming back Angel on 1 side of scales; lizardly figure on other Center = Jesus - orant - mandorla - not judgmental-looking left = purgatory, above = Heaven (saints) - some trying to cheat out of purgatory 3 registers with top 2 broken by mandorla Lazareth's body = relic in church Inside: top-hanging scene - creatures taking person below; lower right - Eve in nature, hand plucking apple; Flight to Egypt; Magi with Angel leading way

amarna

new artistic style established by Akhenaton

Akhetaten

new capital Amenhotep IV built

Hatsheput

notable female ruler; temple at Deir-el-Bahri and Valley of Kings and Queens; has an axial plan; her closest adviser, Sehenmut, was instrumental in carrying out her ambitious building program

Hildesheim Doors

now installed at St. Mary's Cathedral, which are sculpted with scenes of Genesis

Hildesheim Doors

now installed at St. Mary's Cathedral, which are sculpted with scenes of Genesis Bronze casted relief read from top of left (Old Testament) to bottom and bottom of right (New Testament) to top Most re-created scene = The Judgment

Coronation Gospels

number of medieval illuminated manuscript Gospel books; they have, at least by tradition, had a coronation oath sworn upon them at some point; oversized profile halos and similar posture

Coronation Gospels

number of medieval illuminated manuscript Gospel books; they have, at least by tradition, had a coronation oath sworn upon them at some point; oversized profile halos and similar posture Under Charlemagne Purple vellum Text in gold letters Color, light, and shade to create shapes Roman accessories Classical style

cartouche

oblong enclosing of names

Chatal Huyuk

oldest civilization known, in present day Turkey; protected by wall; people moved around rooftops

Minoan

on Crete; legend of Minos and the Minotaur; lacked bronze; peak = 1600-1450 BCE; little known of daily life

Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt

on his tomb; triumph of good over evil; animal = enemy to farmers; low relief because incised; additive from paint

Apollo of Veii

one of four large figures that once stood at the Temple of Veii figure has spirit, moves quickly as it strides forward stood on the roof of the temple: an Etruscan innovation; meant to be seen from below Archaic smile

drum

one of the stacked cylindrical stones that form the shaft of a column; hole in center that has a rod pass through

peristyle court

open courtyard ringed with columns and covered walkways

volute

ornament from Ionic capital resembling a rolled scroll

swag

ornament representing a garland of fruit or flowers draped in a curve between two points

historiated

ornamented with representations, such as plants, animals, or human figures, that have a narrative - as distinct from a purely decorative-function

sunken relief

outlines of figures carved into surface, instead of being formed by cutting away the background

Lion Gate

outside city of Hittite (capital = Hattushash); 1st to work with iron; defense/warning

Phidas

oversaw sculptural decoration of Parthenon, but it was the product of MANY individuals

echinus

ovolo molding between the shaft and the abacus of a Doric column

Roman painting style #1

painted (2D) - looks like tile = masonry

metope

panel between the triglyphs in a Doric frieze, often sculpted in relief

Books of the Dead

papyrus scrolls containing magical texts or spells to help dead survive tests where they're questioned by delegation of deities about behavior in life, and their hearts weighted on scale against ostrich feather (Maat)

Bishop Wibald

patron of Stavelot reliquaries and triptychs

Pepy II and His Mother

paying homage to Queen Merye-ankhnes; likens her to Nekhbet and shows she is of royal blood

style

period, regional, representational

paint

pigment/hue + binding element (ex: wax, oil, plaster, etc.)

sanctuaries

places where you are safe and can worship

lotus

plant representing Lower Egypt

papyrus

plant representing Upper Egypt

Nike Adjusting Her Sandal

plaque on wall of Temple of Nike that encloses the temple

gesso

plaster mixed with a binding material; a ground made from glue, gypsum, and/or chalk forming the ground of a wood panel or the priming layer of a canvas; provides a smooth surface for painting

amphi-prostyle

porch on front and back

Rheims

portal breaks into rose window windows at portal - not statues

ware

pottery produced and decorated by the same technique

cone mosaics

pressing colored cones of baked clay into wet plaster

Laocoon

priest who tried to warn Troy to not take in Trojan horse-he and two kids killed by serpent (Trojans think serpent sent by angry gods - really sent by Greeks)

technique

process of making the work (ex: paint, sculpt, etc.)

Khufu

pyramid at Giza is oldest and largest; made of limestone

Menkaura

pyramid at Giza smaller than others; polished red granite base

Khafra

pyramid at Giza that is guarded by sphinx; still has a little of veneer at top

pyramidion

pyramid-shaped block that caps obelisks

Spanish

realism & meticulous textures

dentil

rectangular or square elements equally spaced along a piece of molding creating a "tooth" pattern

Scarlet Ware

red with black; painted with colored mixtures of clay and water

Moarabic Spain

referring to the Christian Culture of Northern Spain during the time Islamic caliphs ruled Southern Spain

Warrior Vase

regular rhythm of marching men; only indication of woman's emotions is symbolic gesture of an arm raised to her head

St Foy

reliquary/radiating chapel - cranium of young martyr - gold and precious gems basilica transformed into cruciform rounded arches plain westwork Conques, France

Caliph al-Hakam II

renovated and expanded Great Mosque of Cordoba

bow

represents militaristic, wisdom, leadership, and power

French

restrained & Classical

Sphinx of Taharqo

royal sphinx of Nubian king

Gudea

ruler of Lagush (capital of Girsu): only city-state to remain independent during Guti rule; huge patron of the arts; sculpture made of diorite stone

Amenhotep IV

ruler who tries to make religion monotheistic with Aten as the almighty sun god

Blue Tooth Stone

rune stone - victorious warrior and interlacing

Roman painting style #2

same style on bottom; landscape/depth/housing

Sarcophagus dei sposi

sarcophagus of a married couple, whose ashes were placed inside full-length portraits both once held objects in their hands - perhaps an egg to symbolize life after death great concentration on the upper body; less on the legs bodies make an unrealistic L-turn to the legs ancient tradition of reclining when eating; represents a banquet couch symbiotic relationship: mas has a protective gesture around the woman; the woman feeds the man; reflects the high standing women had in Etruscan society broad shoulders; little anatomical modeling emaciated hands made in separate pieces and joined together

Giselbertus

sculptor who worked at St. Lazare, Autun

Erechtheion

second largest structure on acropolis; contest between Poseidon and Athena supposedly happened there; mark of Poseidon's trident enclosed there (spring); houses memorial to Kekrops (founder of Athens); Porch of Maidens = caryatids

Johan Winckelmann

secretary /manager of the Albani villa; was the first to analyze art as a series of period styles; argued that the only true art was classical or the imitation of classical

line

seen (actual) and not seen (implied) in which viewer's follow a path

barrel vault

semicylindrical in cross-section - in effect, a deep arch or an uninterrupted series of arches, one behind the other, over an oblong space; also known as a tunnel vault

axial plan

separate elements are symmetrically arranged along dominant center line

inlaid

set into a surface to form a design

Altar of Zeus

shows Greeks victory over the giants: In the Altar a Gigantomachy is shown with 34 goddesses, 20 gods, 59 giants and 28 animals (serpents, dogs, horses, the flying steeds of Zeus, mules and lions). The names of the gods are chiseled at the cornice, while the giants' names are chiseled on the pedestal next to the names of the sculptors. Among the many gods there are in principle also two humans (or semi-gods), Dionysus and (Hercules). Byzantine conquerors tore it down and used the marble to build a wall, Karl Humann (German) discovered the altar and recently Bertolin restored the frieze

Transfiguration of Jesus

shows a figure of imperial importance garbed in the pure divine color yet wearing a garment that bears a strong resemblance to an imperial toga. flat gold and black and white mostly John, Paul, and Peter mandorla

Toreador Fresco

shows bull-leaping; from palace at Knossos

Senusret III

shows more emotion; appears to be a man wise in the ways of the world, but lonely, saddened and burdened by the weight of his reponsibilities

obelisk

slender, slightly tapered square shafts of stone that are capped by pyramidions

roundel

small circular motif

cylinder seal

small cylindrical store decorated with incised patterns when rolled across soft clay of wax, resulting in raised pattern or design (relief)

serdab

small, sealed room housing ka statue

Alcuin

smartest man alive; as an English scholar, ecclesiastic, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student of Archbishop Ecgbert at York. At the invitation of Charlemagne, he became a leading scholar and teacher at the Carolingian court, where he remained a figure in the 780s and 790s. He wrote many theological and dogmatic treatises, as well as a few grammatical works and a number of poems. He was made Abbot of Saint Martin's at Tours in 796, where he remained until his death. "The most learned man anywhere to be found" according to Einhard's Life of Charlemagne,[1] he is considered among the most important architects of the Carolingian Renaissance. Among his pupils were many of the dominant intellectuals of the Carolingian era.

Alcuin

smartest man alive; brought in by Charlemagne; from York as an English scholar, ecclesiastic, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student of Archbishop Ecgbert at York. At the invitation of Charlemagne, he became a leading scholar and teacher at the Carolingian court, where he remained a figure in the 780s and 790s. He wrote many theological and dogmatic treatises, as well as a few grammatical works and a number of poems. He was made Abbot of Saint Martin's at Tours in 796, where he remained until his death. "The most learned man anywhere to be found" according to Einhard's Life of Charlemagne,[1] he is considered among the most important architects of the Carolingian Renaissance. Among his pupils were many of the dominant intellectuals of the Carolingian era.

abstract

something pulled away from anything that's real

Minos

son of Europa and Zeus and king of Crete; wife has minotaur born

Commodus as Hercules

son of Marcus Aurelius - successor not many political skills - frivilous marble bust thought he was a reincarnation of Hercules (people thought he was crazy) - shows 12 tasks made to glorify himself as related to Hercules

Lucius Brutus

son of the last king - instrumental in overthrow of kingdom and start of Roman Republic government 1st 2 consuls = him and Caliconzo style of art is truly Roman - portrait bust

voyeurism

spying on people involved in intimate behaviors; ex man looking under the skirt of the girl in Fragonard's "The Swing"

Theatre of Marcellus

started in 44 BC by Julius to compete with Pompeii Augustus restored process finished 13 BC Early Empire Apollo temple right next to it rocks and cement and travertine and tuff built for sister Octavia and son Marcelius statues in second level Doric 1st level Ionic 2nd level Corinthian 3rd level - now apartments

ziggurats

stepped pyramid structures with temple or shrine on top; proclaimed wealth, prestige, and stability of city's rulers and glorified its protective gods; meeting place between earth and heavens

cyclopian masonry

stone construction using huge, irregular blocks without mortar; characteristic of Bronze Aegean age

tracery

stonework around design

Epic of Gilgamesh

story told on registers of Great Lyre with bull's head

iconography

study of significance and interpretation of subject matter of art (symbols)

illusionism

style: a trick of the eye

idealism

style: physical perfection

naturalism

style: realism on sordid subjects

realism

style: true depiction

Ra

supreme god/judge; depicted as falcon

typology

symbolism through prefiguration

texture

tactile (ex: rough, polished, oily, etc.)

Parthenon

temple in Athens built to honor the goddess Athena

Temple of Portunus (Fortuna Virilis)

temple of manly fortune pseudo-peripteral (columns are engaged) located: Forum Boarium near Rome dedicated to God of Portunus (keys, doors, livestock) Ionic 2nd Century BCE made of travertine cella tetrastyle portico

megaron

temples are designed on ___________ (great hall or central room)

cult statue

temples housed the ___________ of the gods

matte

term describing a smooth surface that is without shine or luster

Muhammad

the Arab prophet who founded Islam

nave

the central space of a basilica, two or three stories high and usually flanked by aisles

acropolis

the citadel of an ancient Greek city, located at its highest point and housing temples, a treasury, and sometimes a royal palace

caliph

the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth

landscape

the creation of artificial landforms, lakes, and contrived planting to produce an ideal nature; a painting in which a natural outdoor scene or vista is the primary subject

Crucifixion

the death of Jesus on the cross

triformium

the element of the interior elevation of a church, found between the nave arcade or colonnade and the clerestory, covers the blind area created by the sloping roof over the aisles; can be made up of openings from a passage-way or gallery, or can be wall-supporting paintings or mosaics

S-curve

the figure's body and posture is depicted like a sinuous or serpentine "S". It is related to and is an extension of the art term of contrapposto which is when a figure is depicted slouching or placing one's weight and thus center of gravity to one side. However, it involves more of the body than the contrapposto, and is therefore considered to be a more advanced technical development.

form

the formal qualities

sheikh

the leader of an Arab village or family

architrave

the lowest part of an entablature

westwork

the monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church; the exterior consists of multiple stories between two towers; the interior includes an entrance vestibule, a chapel, ad a series of galleries overlooking the nave

westwork

the monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church; the exterior consists of multiple stories between two towers; the interior includes an entrance vestibule, a chapel, and a series of galleries overlooking the nave

voussoirs

the oblong, wedge-shaped stone blocks used to build an arch; the topmost one is the keystone

Gero Crucifix

the oldest large sculpture of the crucified Christ north of the Alps commissioned by Gero, Archbishop of Cologne, who died in 976, thus providing a terminus ante quem for the work. It is carved in oak, and painted and partially gilded - both have been renewed

Gero Crucifix

the oldest large sculpture of the crucified Christ north of the Alps commissioned by Gero, Archbishop of Cologne, who died in 976, thus providing a terminus ante quem for the work. It is carved in oak, and painted and partially gilded - both have been renewed Reliquire - hosts for Communion carved in oak, then painted and guilded - encaustic (wax) Both statue and reliquary Held Host in compartment in back Tales of miracles occurred with it - Broken and healed itself Shows suffering of Christ - all-to-human martyr Halo - subsequent Resurrection most powerful characterization of intense agony of early Middle ages

springing

the point at which the curve of an arch or vault meets with and rises from its support

sinopia

the preparatory design or underdrawing of a fresco; Also: a reddish chalklike earth pigment

cella

the principal interior room at the center of a Greek or Roman temple within which the cult statue was usually housed

flute

the shallow concave groove on the shaft of a column

entablature

the structure consisting of the part of a classical temple above the columns between a capital and the roof

embroidery

the technique in needlework of decorating fabric by stitching designs and figures with threads; also: the material produced by this technique

cornice

the topmost projecting part of an entablature (right under the pediment)

gable

the triangular wall space found on the end wall of a building between the two sides of a pitched roof; also, a triangular decorative panel

capital

the upper part of a column that supports the entablature: distinguishes the order of the column

cornice

the uppermost section of a Classical entablature; more generally, a horizontally projecting element found at the top of a building wall or pedestal; a raking one is formed by the junction of two slanted ones, most often found in pediments

tenebrism

the use of strong chiaroscuro and artificially illuminated areas to create a dramatic contrast of light and dark in a painting

narthex

the vestibule or entrance porch of a church

impasto

thick applications of pigment that give a painting a palpable surface texture

Proto-Geometric

this pottery could be categorized as ______________ because linear motifs, spirals, diamonds and cross-hatching

Beehive Tomb

tholoi (circular shape); cyclopean construction; entrance facade; stone surface incised with geometric bands called chevrons

tripartite

three distinct parts

La Parisienne

titled because she looks like a sophisticated Parisian woman with her elegant stance, and full red lips) comes from and uncertain ceremonial scene. She is either a young priestess or goddess. The representation is similar to that of traditional Egyptian frontal positioning with the enlarged side view of the eye, profile view of the face and what direct frontal view of the torso. However the charm and and freshness of the image are undeniably different from that of the Egyptian murals. Most of the Egyptian frescos were painted on dry plaster known as fresco secco. Minoan frescos are done in true or wet fresco painted on wet plaster. True fresco requires the artist to work quickly and spontaneously which beings to give an impressionistic effect. The simple, light, delicate, spontaneous technique subsequently resembles the subject herself.

Polykleitos, Spear Bearer (Doryphoros)

to artist, the perfect canon of proportions; originally bronze, Romans made a marble copy

bronze

trademark of the Aegean society was the use of

Kritian Boy

transition from Archaic to Early Classical; looks more real/natural

Aulus Metellus

transition: late Etruscan -> Early Republic some = "The Orator"

Charioteer

transitional or Early/5th Century Classical Period; still stiff pose yet outreaching; lost wax; Based on the inscriptions we know that this piece commemorates a victory by a driver in the Pythian games of 478 or 474 BCE. Pliny the elder writes that 3-time winners in Greek competitions had their features immortalized in statues and faces in the Transitional Classical period have a sullen look. This figure even seems to pout a little, his head is turned slightly to one side. His intimidating expression is enhanced by colored glass eyes & fine silver eyelashes. He stands erect, with its almost columnar fluting, is the epitome of elegance. The folds in the robe fall in a natural way, and the whole garment looks like it could sway with the Charioteer's movement. The feet are so detailed and realistic that they could have been cast from molds made from a living person

faience

type of ceramic covered with colorful, opaque, glazes-form a smooth, impermeable surface

stele

upright stone slab

fished-shaped vase

use of glass-making; core glass because of early technique

grisaille

use of sculpture painted into a painting

canopic jars

used to hold organs: stomach, lungs, liver, intestines

Siena Cathedral

variegated black and white companile attached to building

hypostyle hall

vast hall filled with columns to support roof

high relief

very raised

didactic

visual teaching tool - because people can't read

Theses

volunteers to go into labyrinth; is successful

Ergotimos, Kleitias, Francois Vase

volute krater; signed potter and painter; Black figure named after the excavator who uncovered it., c. 570 BC. Athenians learned for the Corinthians how to paint the black figure vase. Both the painter (Kleitias) and the potter (Ergotimos) signed this piece twice. 200 figure w/in 6 friezes. Labels are all over naming humans and animals. The rest includes an array of Greek mythology, focusing on the exploits of Peleus and his son Achillies, the great hero of Homer's Illiad, and of Theseus, the legendary king of Athens. Orientalizing motifs are seen in the band of it. The change from black figure to red figure is significant. The excruciating technical problem of incising details into black glaze, which makes the black figures seem more stiff than the red-figures, was alleviated by the much more flexible brush used to indicate details in the red-figures.

Gigantomachy

war of giants against the gods; depicted along frieze at Altar of Zeus

Archangel Michael

was a diptych ivory Constantinople = best art wings forward moving - outside of niche shells all around - Virgin Mary/Venus drapery

Aachen

was a favored residence of Charlemagne, and later the place of coronation of the Kings of Germany.

Abbe Suger

was one of the last Frankish abbot-statesmen, a historian, and the influential first patron of Gothic architecture

lost-wax casting

wax mold covered with clay and plaster, fired, and melted: hollow form-molten metal is poured and cooled-leaves solid metal form that is smoothed and polished

Chiton kore

wears chiton (garment) and himation (cloak)

Portrait of a Married Couple (Pompeii)

wedding portrait in exedra of house shows they are educated 70-79 CE kind of equal

voussoir

wedge-shaped stone building block used in constructing an arch or vault

Dominicans

were founded by Saint Dominic in the early 13th century, who saw the need for greater education and engagement of intellectual society. As the name implies, the charism of them is primarily preaching and teaching, for the conversion of souls

Franciscans

were founded in the 13th century by Saint Francis, who, in a vision, was charged by God to rebuild My Church; are typically characterized by their lives of simplicity, penance, poverty, and love for the poor.

space

what contains the art

medium/media

what is used to create the art

Epigonos, Gallic Chieftain Killing His Wife and Himself

when lost, many high officials killed themselves

Lysippos, The Scraper (Apoxyomenos)

when taking a bath, put on oil and scrape off; arms closed over chest, Roman leaf covering

Supper at Emmaeus

when two disciples realize who Jesus is

Akhenaten and His Family

wife Nefertiti (co-rule) and three children; incised- low relief; sunken relief; sun shining down on them; unusual, casual interaction with family

Queen Tiy

wife of Amenhotep III and Amenhotep IV's mother; 1st version with silver headdress; later added a brown cap with glass beads over the funeral headdress and a plumed crown

Nefertiti

wife of Amenhotep IV; dramatic use of color; idealized

Hildesheim column

with 28 scenes taken from Christ's life - of those not on doors - From Baptism -> Jerusalem Entry from the St. Michael's church 1015 casted 13' high - inside cathedral

Hildesheim column

with 28 scenes taken from Christ's life; from the St. Michael's church

Funerary Stele of Amenemhat I

with Hapi guarding food, Queen Iji and son Antel

Centaur

½ horse ½ man figure exemplifies Proto-Geometric style: with its use of geometric forms in painted decoration, and the reduction of human and animal body parts in sculptural works to simple geometric solids like cubes, pyramids, cylinders, and spheres. The figure is unusual, because of its size (more than a foot) and b/c its hollow body was formed like a vase on a potters wheel. The artist added the solid legs and arms and tail to his body and painted on the bold, abstract designs w/ slip, the slip fired to dark brown, standng out against the lighter color of the un-slipped portions of the figure, Centaurs prevalent throughout Greek mythology had both a good and bad side and symbolized the similar dual nature of humans. This figure was found in a cemetery when it was found it had been deliberately broken into two pieces that were buried in adjacent graves. Clearly the object had special significance for the people buried in the graves or their mourners

Menorah

A Jewish lamp-stand with seven or nine branches; the nine-branched one is used during the celebration of Hanukkah; representations of the seven-branched one, once used in the Temple of Jerusalem, became a symbol of Judaism

Betrayal and Arrest

After the Last Supper, Judas led a group of Jesus's enemies to where Jesus was praying. This is when Judas betrayed Jesus and handed him over to be arrested.

horseshoe arches

An arch of more than a half-circle; typical of western Islamic architecture

Demuth, I saw a Figure S in Gold

Artist: Title: Fire engines - based off poem 1/8 in a series

Magritte, The Fall

Artist: Title: In Galcanda - city in India on the rice Comment on capitalism - man falling with composure and not noticing self-portrait

Chagall, The White Crucifixion

Artist: Title: Tarnished and dirty white Surrounding Christ = burned synagogue, Nazi soldiers (chained to red Communist flags) Attempted immigration Man carrying a Torah Menorah Ship - pogroms to Jews Prayer shawl on Waist Jesus also a Jew

de Chirico, Love Song, surrealism

Artist: Title: Genre: Early juxtaposition of random things Shadows Neoclassical inspiration (statue of Apollo) - because a proud Italian - red, white, and green of flag

de Chirico, Mystery and Melancholy of a Street, surrealism

Artist: Title: Genre: End of street visible but a long way to go Childhood game and ambiguous figure that's scary (unknown)

de Chirico, Piazza de Italia, surrealism

Artist: Title: Genre: Neo-Classicism Long shadows - take up large areas of canvas Hidden objects (Ex Box)

Pantocrator

Byzantine depiction of Christ as universal ruler, represented holding a book and giving a blessing

Theotokos

Greek for "God-bearer;" In Byzantine art, the Virgin Mary as mother of God

Delivery of keys to Peter

Jesus chose Peter as his successor, because Peter is the rock on which his church will be built and symbolically delivers to Peter the keys to the kingdom of heaven.

Calling of St Matthew

Jesus comes and tells Matthew to follow him. Matthew was a tax collector

Transfiguration

Jesus crossing over form and becoming heavenly

Entry into Jerusalem

Jesus enters Jerusalem and palms are laid down in front of him as he comes in on a donkey

Harrowing of Hell (Descent into Limbo)

Jesus pulls up saved and leaves others behind

Deposition

Jesus taken down from cross and laid in tomb

muquarnas

a small nichelike component based on the squinch and used in Islamic architecture to achieve and transition between flat and rounded surfaces

minaret

a tall slender tower on the exterior of a mosque from which believers are called to prayer

mosaic

images formed by small colored stone or glass pieces (tesserae), affixed to a hard, stable surface

martyrium

in Christian architecture, a church, chapel, or shrine built over the grave of a martyr or the site of a great miracle

putti

plump, naked little boys, often winged; in classical art, called cupids, in Christian art, cherubs

aniconism

practice or belief in avoiding or shunning the graphic representation of divine beings or religious figures; no images of human figures, very often found in Islamic art

conches

semicircular domes that expand outward from a central dome, in Byzantine architecture to cover the narthex on one side and sanctuary apse on the other

transcept

the arm of a cruciform church, perpendicular to the nave; the point where the nave and this cross is called the crossing; beyond the crossing lies the sanctuary, whether apse, choir, or chevet

iconoclasm

the banning or destruction of images, especially icons and religious art; in the eighth-and ninth-century Byzantium and sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Protestant territories arose from differing beliefs about the power, meaning, function, and purpose of imagery in religion

pendentives

the concave triangular sections of a vault that form the transition between a square or polygonal space and the circular base of a dome

iconostasis

the partition screen in a Byzantine or Orthodox church between the sanctuary (where the Mass is performed) and the body of the church (where the congregation assembles); displays icons

Cathedral

the principal Christian church in a diocese, built in the bishop's administrative center and housing his throne (diocesan)

orant

the representation of a standing figure praying with outstretched and upraised hands

Suleiman the Magnificent

the tenth and longest-reigning Emperor, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire; personally led Ottoman armies to conquer the Christian strongholds of Belgrade, Rhodes, and most of Hungary before his conquests were checked at the Siege of Vienna in 1529. He annexed most of the Middle East in his conflict with the Safavids and large swathes of North Africa as far west as Algeria. Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. At the helm of an expanding empire, Suleiman personally instituted legislative changes relating to society, education, taxation, and criminal law.

Abbasid

the third of the Islamic caliphates

Last Supper

the traditional Passover supper of Jesus with his disciples on the eve of his crucifixion

Noli me tangere

touch me not

diptych

two panels of equal size (usually decorated with paintings of reliefs) hinged together

vellum

very fine parchment