M.A.T.S NBE - Embalming

"Which of the following conditions would require special attention during thoracic cavity embalming? 1-Hydrothorax 2-Ascites 3-Hydropericardium 4-Hydroperiteneum"

1 and 3 only

The best choice for embalming a 1-day-old infant is:

Abdominal artery

Livor mortis is synonymous with:

Cadaveric Lividity

Which of the following is an intrinsic factor in case analysis? a. Postmortem interval b. Temperature and atmosphere in the room c. Vermin in or on the body d. Pathological condition

D. Pathological condition

A factor that indicates the use of a MORE dilute arterial solution is:

Emaciation

The settling of the blood to dependent portions of the body is called:

Hypostasis

Which of the following is the first of the organs to decompose?

Lining of trachea

Rigor mortis and algor mortis are similar in that both are:

Postmortem conditions

The deceased had liver cancer. The body is yellow. The right femoral artery has arteriosclerosis. QUESTION: If arterial methods have not been completely successful, what can be done to preserve the trunk?

Use a Hypodermic injection of cavity fluid.

Which of the following are methods of evaluating and monitoring fluid distribution? 1-Staining dyes, 2-Abdominal distension, 3-Tissue dryness, 4-Cyanosis: a. 1 and 3 b. 2 and 3 c. 1 and 4 d. 2 and 4

a. 1 and 3

Which of the following injection sites should be used when embalming a newborn infant? 1-Ascending aorta, 2-Right common carotid, 3-Abdominal aorta, 4-Right brachial: a. 1, 2 and 3 b. 1, 2 and 4 c. 2 and 3 d. 1 and 4

a. 1, 2 and 3

Those changes occurring in the interval prior to somatic death: a. Antemortem b. Postmortem

a. Antemortem

What organ should be given special attention in the embalming and preparation of babies? a. Brain b. Stomach c. Liver d. Kidneys

a. Brian

The consideration given to the dead body, prior to, during and after the embalming procedure is complete is: a. Case analysis b. Disinfection c. Initial treatment d. Medication

a. Case analysis

Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unsuitable for nutrition the media upon which such bacteria thrive, and which will arrest decomposition by altering enzymes and lysins of the body as well as converting the decomposable tissue into a form much less susceptible to decomposition are called: a. Surfactants b. Preservatives c. Anticoagulant d. Vehicles

b. Preservatives

The passage of embalming fluid through the capillary walls is called: a. Fluid distribution b. Pressure filtration c. Dialysis d. Osmosis

b. Pressure filtration

During embalming, the operator accidentally punctures himself, creating a biohazard exposure. What obligation does the employer have? a. Reimburse the employee if a medical test proves the was exposure. b. Provide medical treatment and necessary testing to determine if the employee was infected. c. Review the employee's records to be sure he was properly trained and vaccinated. d. Provide medical treatment when and if the employee becomes infected.

b. Provide medical treatment and necessary testing to determine if the employee was infected.

In edematous remains: a. Embalming results will intensify. b. Results of embalming may reverse. c. Skin will toughen. d. Body will turn blue.

b. Results of embalming may reverse.

When death has been due to pneumonia, an embalmer should expect: a. Serious body discoloration b. Thoracic congestion and increased blood viscosity c. Server rigor mortis d. Rapid cooling of the body

b. Thoracic congestion and increased blood viscosity

In regards to the formaldehyde exposure level readings, the action level is: a. 1.5 ppm b. 0.5 ppm c. 1.0 ppm d. 2.0 ppm

b.0.5

Which of the following should be done prior to cremation? 1-Remove jewelry as directed, 2-Obtain permission and remove pacemaker, 3-Remove prosthetic devices, 4-Remove natural dentition: a. 1, 3 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 1, 2, 3 d. 1, 3, 4

c. 1, 2, 3

Signs of death exhibited by the eyes of the deceased include: 1. Clouding of the cornea and flattening of the eyeball 2. Loss of luster of the conjunctiva 3. Pupil dilation and non-response to light 4. Discoloration of the Iris a. 1,2, and 4 only b. 1, 3, and 4 only c. 1,2, and 3 only d. 2,3, and 4 only

c. 1, 2, and 3 only

How many ounces of 32 index fluid are needed to make 2 gallons of a 2% fluid? a. 14 b. 12. c. 16 d. 8

c. 16 - 1 Gallon = 128 oz (4 quarts)

Signs of life are feebly maintained during: a. Cadaveric spasm b. Death struggle c. Apparent death d. Death rattle

c. Apparent death

Cavity embalming consists of two phases, of which one phase is: a. Intussusception b. Expiration c. Aspiration d. Inspiration

c. Aspiration

Minerals that cause hard water also promote: a. Decomposition b. Dehydration c. Blood clotting d. Increased diffusion

c. Blood clottin

If, at the removal, you suspect foul play you should: a. Document the observations b. Make the removal, and then inform the authorities c. Call the coroner/police/medical examiner d. Inform the next of kin

c. Call the coroner/police/medical examiner

The irreversible cessation of all vital functions is: a. Syncope b. Dehydration c. Death d. Autolysis

c. Death

On your check list what is the most important thing when doing a hospital removal? a. Gloves b. Cot c. Deceased name d. Sheets

c. Deceased name

A thrombus in the iliac veins will: a. Increase circulation in the upper extremities b. Increase circulation in the lower extremities c. Decrease drainage in the lower extremities d. Decrease drainage in the upper extremities.

c. Decrease drainage in the lower extremities

The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries is: a. Osmosis b. Distention c. Distribution d. Dialysis

c. Distribution

A large volume of hypertonic arterial solution is primarily used to treat what type of tissue? a. Mummified b. Dehydrated c. Edematous d. Emaciated

c. Edematous

Discoloration resulting when formaldehyde reacts with hemoglobin in the tissues is called: a. Pigmentation b. Icterus c. Formaldehyde grey d. Biliverdin

c. Formaldehyde grey

Clostridium perfringens should alert the embalmer to the presence of: a. Poliomyelitis b. Tuberculosis c. Gas gangrene d. Coronary thrombosis

c. Gas gangrene

Chemicals that create an increased capability for embalmed tissues to retain their moisture are called: a. Buffers b. Anticoagulants c. Humectants d. Surfactants

c. Humectants

What is NOT suggested to reduce rigor mortis? a. Massaging b. Extending and rotating c. Incision to sever muscles d. Flexing

c. Incision to sever muscles

Decomposition of fats is called: a. Autolysis b. Caloricity c. Lipolysis d. Fermentation

c. Lipolysis FERMENTATION the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat. the process of fermentation involved in the making of beer, wine, and liquor, in which sugars are converted to ethyl alcohol.

What pathological condition predisposes a body to distribution problems? a. Keratitis b. Melanoma c. Phlebitis d. Necrobiosis

c. Phlebitis - inflammation of the walls of a vein.

Proteolysis refers to decomposition of: a. Sugars b. Carbohydrates c. Proteins d. Fats

c. Proteins

The suture normally used to close a trocar puncture would be the: a. Basket weave b. Baseball c. Purse string d. Intradermal

c. Purse string

When preparing to embalm a body, the FIRST thing the operator should do is: a. Disinfect the instruments b. Position the body c. Put on protective gear d. Mix the chemicals

c. Put on protective gear

If the thumb does not clear, inject the ______ artery. a. Ulnar b. Popliteal c. Radial d. Femoral

c. Radial

What is an extravascular resistance to fluid distribution: a. Blood viscosity b. Thrombus c. Rigor Mortis d. Arteriosclerosis

c. Rigor Mortis

Death of the whole organism is called: a. Syncope b. Necrosis c. Somatic death d. Asphyxia

c. Somatic death

When embalming an autopsied adult, the best method to embalm the upper extremities is to inject the: a. Common carotids b. Vertebrals c. Subclavians d. Femorals

c. Subclavians

A 125 to 175 pounds adult would require a minimum injection of: - ASK Professor a. 1-2 gallons b. 5-6 gallons c. 7-8 gallons d. 3-4 gallons

d. 3-4 gallons 1 Gallon/50 pounds

Which of the following methods consists of injecting a few ounces of arterial chemical, then draining for a few minutes-each one separately? a. Concurrent b. Intermittent c. Continuous d. Alternate

d. Alternate

What is used to inject embalming fluid? a. Director b. Needle Injector c. Aneurysm needle d. Arterial tube

d. Arterial tube

Creamy, white, and odorless purge from the nostrils is probably from the: a. Stomach b. Lungs c. Heart d. Brain

d. Brain

For which of the following is it essential that hospitals and community services have a plan for the expeditious mobilization and use of their services? a. Birth b. Death c. Black-out d. Disaster

d. Disaster

Any abnormal color appearing in or upon the human body is called a. Hydration b. Desiccation c. Evaporation d. Discoloration

d. Discoloration

A final and positive sign of death is: a. Algor mortis b. Cadaveric lividity c. Rigor mortis d. Generalized decomposition

d. Generalized decomposition

The fluid of choice when the body is extremely dehydrated is: a. Bleaching fluids b. High index fluids c. High dye content d. High humectant content

d. High humectant content

A device that uses water pressure to produce a vacuum for aspiration of the visceral cavities is a: a. Bulb syringe b. Trocar c. Cannula d. Hydroaspirator

d. Hydroaspirator

When making telephone arrangements with an out of state relative of a deceased, you forgot to get permission to embalm. To charge for embalming, which you already performed, what must you do? a. Include the cost of embalming under basic services. b. Inform the relative of the embalming and its cost. c. Inform of the oversight and say embalming was required by law. d. Inform the relative, make disclosure as necessary, and obtain written authorization.

d. Inform the relative, make disclosure as necessary, and obtain written authorization.

Low index fluids used to inhibit bilirubin from turning to biliverdin are known as: a. Humectants b. Co-injection fluids c. Pre-injection fluids d. Jaundice fluids

d. Jaundice fluids

An imaginary line drawn on the surface of the skin to represent an approximate location of some deeper underlying structure is the: a. Trocar guide b. Anatomical guide c. Anatomical limit d. Linear guide

d. Linear guide

Injection and drainage from one location is called: a. Split injection b. Multi-point injection c. Restricted cervical d. One point injection

d. One point injection

Dilution of arterial fluid in the body is known as: a. Primary dilution b. Fluid diffusion c. Fluid distribution d. Secondary dilution

d. Secondary dilution

If the lips do not stay closed, DO NOT: a. Suture with a hidden stitch b. Use wet cotton strips to hold the lips until tissues set c. Use adhesive d. Suture with a baseball stitch

d. Suture with a baseball stitch

Natural depressions on the face may be destroyed by excessive use of: a. Humectant in fluid b. Electric spatula c. Massage cream d. Tissue builder

d. Tissue builder

A secondary injection point used to clear the hand and fingers is the: a. Basilic artery b. Phrenic artery c. Celiac artery d. Ulnar artery

d. Ulnar artery

Of the 9 regions of the abdomen, the central region is called: a. Inguinal b. Hypogastric c. Peritoneal d. Umbilical

d. Umbilical

Arterial tube connections can be identified as which of the following: 1. Quick connect 2. Threaded 3. Slip-Type 4. Luer-lock a. 1 and 2 b. 2, 3, and 4 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3

b. 2,3, and 4

Which of the following direct treatments, other than by arterial injection of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera, usually accomplished by aspiration and injection? a. Venous treatment b. Cavity Treatment c. Arterial Treatment d. Surface Pack

b. Cavity Treatment

A 25 year old male died 36 hours prior to the funeral home receiving the body. It was discovered outside in the summer. An autopsy was performed after 2 hours of refrigeration. Death was an aneurysm. The family wants an open casket. QUESTION: The most appropriate arterial solution will include: a. Restorative fluid and surfactant b. Co-injection and high index fluid c. Sodium hypochlorite and jaundice fluid d. Pre-injection fluid and humectant

b. Co-injection and high index fluid

What is the most important thing to bring on a house removal? a. Gloves b. Cot c. Body bag d. Sheets

b. Cot

A 25 year old male died 36 hours prior to the funeral home receiving the body. It was discovered outside in the summer. An autopsy was performed after 2 hours of refrigeration. Death was an aneurysm. The family wants an open casket. QUESTION: Which is the appropriate cavity treatment? a. Aspirate and discard excess viscera b. Dry the cavity and return treated viscera c. Secure chest plate with calvarium clamps and suture the cavity d. Apply chemical pack to viscera and hypodermically inject the extremities

b. Dry the cavity and return treated viscera

Which condition will lead to early decomposition? a. Dehydration b. Edema c. Agonal algor d. Rigor mortis

b. Edema

A process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to retard organic decomposition, and to restore to an acceptable physical appearance is: a. Refrigeration b. Embalming c. Restorative art d. Funeral directing

b. Embalming

A 25 year old male died 36 hours prior to the funeral home receiving the body. It was discovered outside in the summer. An autopsy was performed after 2 hours of refrigeration. Death was an aneurysm. The family wants an open casket. QUESTION: In addition to arterial fluid you should use: a. Acetone b. Humectant c. Masking fluid d. Deodorant

b. Humectant

More water can be removed from tissues with embalming fluids that are: a. Surfactants b. Hypertonic solutions c. Hypotonic solutions d. Antidehydrants

b. Hypertonic solutions

Cavity embalming consists of two steps, aspiration and: a. Hypodermic b. Injection c. Diffusion d. Pack

b. Injection

What vein accompanies the common carotid artery? a. Subclavian b. Internal jugular c. External jugular d. Brachiocephalic

b. Internal jugular

When a body exhibits an increased or excessive amount of bilirubin, the embalming is best done with: a. Co-injection fluid b. Jaundice fluid c. Accessory fluid d. Pre-injection fluid

b. Jaundice fluid

To remove purge from the oral passages, use the: a. Trocar b. Nasal aspirator c. Ball aspirator d. Grooved director

b. Nasal aspirator

"Hemorrhagic, purulent vesicles should be drained during the embalming process and treated through surface embalming because they: 1-Interfere with restorative art 2- Are infectious 3-Cause atrophy in the remains 4- Contain antigens

1 & 2

"Wearing protective clothing and exercising Universal Precautions while removing the deceased from the place of death: 1-Provides an effective barrier to portals of entry 2-Eliminates the virulence of pathogens 3-Reduces the number of microorganisms present 4-Is required by OSHA's bloodborne pathogen rule"

1 & 4 only

An Arterial hemostat is useful to the embalmer for:

Clamping a vessel

Purge can be expected from all of the following EXCEPT

Kidney

Facial trauma with multiple lacerations require the embalmer to first clean and disinfect the area and apply:

Temporary sutures

The right anterior superior iliac spine is the trocar guide for the: a. Cecum b. Ileum c. Urinary bladder d. Stomach

a. Cecum RIGHT ATRIUM *Aim toward right earlobe *Handle of trocar toward anterior iliac spine *After puncture diaphragm, depress tip STOMACH Intersection of 5th intercostal space & left mid-axillary line. CECUM Cecum *Visualize a line from pubic symphysis to right anterior iliac spine *Direct trocar to a point ¾ the way from the pubic symphysis *at the imaginary line dip the trocar point about 2" to puncture cecum. URINARY BLADDER Direct toward pubic symphysis, touch bone, pull back & dip point into bladder MALE GENETELIA Aspiration not routinely necessary unless edema

A needle injector is used: a. For mouth closure b. For arterial injection c. To close incisions d. For aspiration

a. For mouth closure

A death was from natural causes, but the body was refrigerated for 24 hours prior to embalming. No autopsy is performed. In order to minimize abdominal distension and prevent purge, it is important to: a. Inject slowly b. Inject rapidly c. Embalm the head first d. Inject a strong arterial solution

a. Inject slowly

Finger ligation on a cadaver will cause: a. No change in color b. A stain in the skin c. Venous congestion d. A color change Ligation: the surgical procedure of closing off a blood vessel or other duct or tube in the body by means of a ligature or clip

a. No change in color

The LEAST likely artery to use on an unautopsied infant is the: a. Popliteal b. Common carotid c. Abdominal aorta d. Ascending aorta

a. Popliteal

A sharp cutting instrument used for making incisions is: a. Scalpel b. Forceps c. Separator d. Hemostat

a. Scalpel

A coffee ground appearance and foul odor would designate postmortem purge originating from the: a. Stomach b. Esophagus c. Brain d. Lungs

a. Stomach

The deceased had liver cancer. The body is yellow. The right femoral artery has arteriosclerosis. QUESTION: The best embalming results would be obtained by using: a. The restricted cervical method of injection. b. Maximum pressure restricted drainage c. A high index in the head. d. The radial artery as the primary point of injection

a. The restricted cervical method of injection. Raise the left common carotid artery (Restricted cervical injection) * Insert an arterial tube toward the head, with stopcock open * Clamp or ligate the distal end of the artery Restricted cervical injection (RCI) techniques involve making two incisions either side of the neck and are perhaps a little more time-consuming; by using a ligature to close the lower portion of the left common carotid artery, excess pressure from is prevented in the head as it is injected separately to the trunk. This technique avoids distention of the head and facial regions from arterial pressure during embalming, guarding against the risk of distending facial features through excess pressure (referred to as "blowing the features" amongst embalmers) whilst allowing large volumes of arterial fluid to be injected. For obese cases, type I diabetic cases with poor peripheral circulation, and cases with partial decomposition, this should be the first method attempted.

The line of lip closure has how many arcs? a. Three b. One c. Five d. Two

a. Three