Med Surg Ch 6

For a person to be clinically depressed, signs of a depressed mood or depressed interest in pleasurable activities must occur for at least

2 weeks

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. The nurse is most correct to correlate the client's uncontrolled tremors as a physical characteristic of a lack of which neurotransmitter?

Dopamine

A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) results in vascular vasodilation, local tissue congestion, and increased capillary permeabilty. The nurse would expect to see which of the following body responses in a client with a DVT?

Erythema and pain

Excessive levels of which neurotransmitter has been implicated in ALS?

Glutamate

A patient has a hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL. What should the nurse be alert to assess for?

Hypoxia

research has shown that the single most important factor influencing an individuals health is __________.

level of education

positive feedback

reaction that increases the output of a system

the five cardinal signs of inflammation are

redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function

negative feedback

response that decreases the output of a system

The nurse is caring for a client with an anxiety disorder. The client reports feelings of anxiousness when in social situations. Which classification of medications does the nurse anticipate?

Benzodiazepines

metaplasia

a cell transformation in which there is conversion of one type of mature cell into another type of cell

adaptation

a change or alteration designed to assist in adjusting to a new situation or environment

cell injury results when stressors interfere with the body's optimal balance by altering cellular ability to _______, ________, and __________

synthesize enzymes, transform energy, grow and reproduce

fight or flight response

the alarm stage in the general adaptation syndrome describe by Selye

coping

the cognitive and behavioral strategies used to manage the stressors that tax a person's resources

gluconeogenesis

the formation of glucose by the liver from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and the glycerol portion of fats

glucocorticoids

the group of steroid hormones, such as cortisol, that are produced by the adrenal cortex; they are involved in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism and have anti-inflammatory properties

stress

a disruptive condition that occurs in response to adverse influences from the internal or external environments

family

a group whose members are related by reciprocal caring, mutual responsibilities and loyalties

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

a hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates the secretion of cortisol and other hormones by the adrenal cortex

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

a hormone secreted by the posterior lobe fo the pituitary gland that constricts blood vessels, elevates blood pressure, and reduces the excretion or urine

inflammation

a localized reaction of tissue to injury, irritation, or infection that is manifested by pain, redness, heat, swelling and sometimes loss of function

steady state

a stable condition that does not change over time, or when change in one direction is balanced by change in a opposite direction

homeostasis

a steady state within the body; the stability of the internal environment

disease

an abnormal variation in the structure of function of any part of the body that disrupts function and therefore can limit freedom of action

hyperplasia

an increase in the number of new cells in an organ or tisssue

stressor

an internal or external event or situation that creates the potential for physiologic, emotional, cognitive or behavioral changes

catecholamines

any of the group of amines (such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, or dopamine) that serve as neurotransmitters

dysplasia

bizarre cell growth resulting in cells that differ in size, shape, or arrangement from other cells of the same tissue type

five bodily functions that are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms include the following

blood pressure, acid base balance, blood glucose levels, body temp, fluids and electrolyte balance.

stress is a change in the environment that is perceived as _______, ____________, or ___________.

challenging, demaging or threatening

four concepts that are key to understanding a steady state of dynamic balance are ___________, __________, _____________ and __________

constancy, homeostasis, stress, and adaptation

maladaptive compensatory mechanisms result in disease processes in which cells may be ________, _________, or ___________ .

dead, diseased or injured

the neural and hormonal activities that respond to stress and maintain homeostasis are located in the _________.

hypothalamus

hypoxia

inadequate supply of oxygen to the cell

guided imagery

the mindul use of a word, phrase, or visual image to achieve relaxation or direct attention awaay from uncomfortable sensations or situations