Memmlers The human body chapter 15 circulation

Difference between anastomosis and venus sinus

An anastomosis is a connection between two blood vessels that allows for alternate circulatory routes to the same structure. A venous sinus is a large channel that drains blood but does not have the usual tubular structure of the veins

How does the structure of the blood vessels correlate with their function

An artery's wall is thick and elastic, accommodating the high pressure of the blood within the vessel. In comparison with an artery, a vein wall is less think and elastic in accord with the lower pressure of the blood within it. A capillary has the thinnest wall allowing substance to diffuse in and out of the vessel

Which of the following vessels is the largest

Aorta

Path of systemic circuit

Aorta fresh oxygenated blood, from left ventricle to systemic arteries carrying blood to tissues, systemic capilaries where materials are exchanged. systemic veins carry blood low in o2 towards the heart

Difference between artery and vein

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and towards the tissues. Veins carry blood away from the tissues and towards the hear

Path of blood flow

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, to arterioles to capillaries (where exchange takes place though difussion) to venules back to veins which return blood to the heart

Difference between Areteriole and Venule

Arterioles are small subdivision of arteries that carry blood into the capillary. Venules, small vessels that merge to form veins, carry blood away from capillaries

Which vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the stomach, spleen and liver

Celiac trunk

Path of blood from right side of head and neck

Left ventricle, aortic arch, brachocephalic artery, and the right common carotid artery, to the right side of the head and neck

Path of blood to the liver

Left ventricle, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, celiac truck and the hepatic artery

Two blood circuits

Pulmonary and systemic

Path of pulmonary circuit

Pulmonary trunk, blood low in O2 from right ventricle to the lungs. Capillaries in the lungs where the gas nutrients and waste are exchanged. Pulmonary veins carry fresh o2 blood back to the left atrium

Cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)

Receives blood from the two internal carotid arteries and from the basilar artery which is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries. Just under the brains center and sends branches to the cerebrum and other parts of the brain

Celiac trunk

Short artery that sub divides into three branches. the left gastric artery (stomach) Splenic artery (spleen) Hepatic artery ( liver)

Inner tunic

Simple squamous epithelial tissue smooth blood flows easily over it

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Systolic pressure occurs during heart muscle contraction and averages 120 mm Hg. Diastolic pressure occurs during heart muscle relaxation and averages 80 mm Hg.

Heart rate

The number of times the heart beats each minute

Stroke volume

The volume ejected from the ventricle with each heart beat

Middle tunic

Thickest layer made of smooth involuntary muscle controlled by the ANS

How many tunics on a vessel

Three

The specific part of the medulla oblongata that regulates the blood flow is the

Vasomotor center

Capillaries receive blood from vessels called

arterioles

Sphygmomanometer

blood pressure cuff

Mesenteric arches

branches of vessels that supply blood to the intestinal tract

Renal arteries

carry blood to the kidneys

Gonadal arteries

carry blood to the sex organs

aortic arch

curves from the right to the left also extends posteriorly

What is the main process of capillary exchange

diffusion

Which muscle makes up a blood vessels inner tunic

epithelium

Thoracic aorta

just anterior to the vertebral column posterior to the heart in the mediastinum

Path of blood from lateral surface of the left hand

left ventricle, aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery left radial artery to the lateral surface of the left hand

Path of blood to the right foot

left ventricle, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, right common iliac artery, right external iliac artery, right femoral artery, right popliteal artery, right tibial artery to the foot

Abdominal aorta

longest section of the heart beginning at the diaphragm and spanning the abdominal cavity

Outer tunic

made of supportive connective tissue

Ascending aorta

near the heart inside the pericardial sac

The flow of blood into an individual capillary is regulated by a

precapillary sphincter

Brachiocephalic artery

short vessel that supplies blood to the arm and head on the right side

Three mechanisms that promote the return of blood to the heart in the venous system

skeletal muscle contraction (pressing on the veins), Breathing, and one way valves

Inferior mesenteric artery

supplies second half of large intestine (under superior mesenteric)

Elasticity

the ability of the vessel to return to it's original size

Compliance

the ease which arteries expand to receive blood

Superior mesenteric artery

the largest branch that carries blood to most of the small intestine

What physiological factors influence blood pressure?

total blood volume, cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood vessel compliance and elasticity

Deep plantar arch

union of lateral plantar artery

Superficial palmar arch

union of the radial and ulnar arteries sends blood to fingers