Memmlers The human body chapter 15 circulation
Difference between anastomosis and venus sinus
An anastomosis is a connection between two blood vessels that allows for alternate circulatory routes to the same structure. A venous sinus is a large channel that drains blood but does not have the usual tubular structure of the veins
How does the structure of the blood vessels correlate with their function
An artery's wall is thick and elastic, accommodating the high pressure of the blood within the vessel. In comparison with an artery, a vein wall is less think and elastic in accord with the lower pressure of the blood within it. A capillary has the thinnest wall allowing substance to diffuse in and out of the vessel
Which of the following vessels is the largest
Aorta
Path of systemic circuit
Aorta fresh oxygenated blood, from left ventricle to systemic arteries carrying blood to tissues, systemic capilaries where materials are exchanged. systemic veins carry blood low in o2 towards the heart
Difference between artery and vein
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and towards the tissues. Veins carry blood away from the tissues and towards the hear
Path of blood flow
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, to arterioles to capillaries (where exchange takes place though difussion) to venules back to veins which return blood to the heart
Difference between Areteriole and Venule
Arterioles are small subdivision of arteries that carry blood into the capillary. Venules, small vessels that merge to form veins, carry blood away from capillaries
Which vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the stomach, spleen and liver
Celiac trunk
Path of blood from right side of head and neck
Left ventricle, aortic arch, brachocephalic artery, and the right common carotid artery, to the right side of the head and neck
Path of blood to the liver
Left ventricle, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, celiac truck and the hepatic artery
Two blood circuits
Pulmonary and systemic
Path of pulmonary circuit
Pulmonary trunk, blood low in O2 from right ventricle to the lungs. Capillaries in the lungs where the gas nutrients and waste are exchanged. Pulmonary veins carry fresh o2 blood back to the left atrium
Cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)
Receives blood from the two internal carotid arteries and from the basilar artery which is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries. Just under the brains center and sends branches to the cerebrum and other parts of the brain
Celiac trunk
Short artery that sub divides into three branches. the left gastric artery (stomach) Splenic artery (spleen) Hepatic artery ( liver)
Inner tunic
Simple squamous epithelial tissue smooth blood flows easily over it
Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Systolic pressure occurs during heart muscle contraction and averages 120 mm Hg. Diastolic pressure occurs during heart muscle relaxation and averages 80 mm Hg.
Heart rate
The number of times the heart beats each minute
Stroke volume
The volume ejected from the ventricle with each heart beat
Middle tunic
Thickest layer made of smooth involuntary muscle controlled by the ANS
How many tunics on a vessel
Three
The specific part of the medulla oblongata that regulates the blood flow is the
Vasomotor center
Capillaries receive blood from vessels called
arterioles
Sphygmomanometer
blood pressure cuff
Mesenteric arches
branches of vessels that supply blood to the intestinal tract
Renal arteries
carry blood to the kidneys
Gonadal arteries
carry blood to the sex organs
aortic arch
curves from the right to the left also extends posteriorly
What is the main process of capillary exchange
diffusion
Which muscle makes up a blood vessels inner tunic
epithelium
Thoracic aorta
just anterior to the vertebral column posterior to the heart in the mediastinum
Path of blood from lateral surface of the left hand
left ventricle, aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery left radial artery to the lateral surface of the left hand
Path of blood to the right foot
left ventricle, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, right common iliac artery, right external iliac artery, right femoral artery, right popliteal artery, right tibial artery to the foot
Abdominal aorta
longest section of the heart beginning at the diaphragm and spanning the abdominal cavity
Outer tunic
made of supportive connective tissue
Ascending aorta
near the heart inside the pericardial sac
The flow of blood into an individual capillary is regulated by a
precapillary sphincter
Brachiocephalic artery
short vessel that supplies blood to the arm and head on the right side
Three mechanisms that promote the return of blood to the heart in the venous system
skeletal muscle contraction (pressing on the veins), Breathing, and one way valves
Inferior mesenteric artery
supplies second half of large intestine (under superior mesenteric)
Elasticity
the ability of the vessel to return to it's original size
Compliance
the ease which arteries expand to receive blood
Superior mesenteric artery
the largest branch that carries blood to most of the small intestine
What physiological factors influence blood pressure?
total blood volume, cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood vessel compliance and elasticity
Deep plantar arch
union of lateral plantar artery
Superficial palmar arch
union of the radial and ulnar arteries sends blood to fingers
