MFR Chapter One, Two and Four

What are the 10 Standard Components of an EMS System?

1. Regulation and policy 2. Resource management 3. HR and training 4. Transportation equipment and systems 5. Medical and support facilities 6. Communications systems 7. Public information and education 8. Medical Direction 9. Trauma System and development 10. Evaluation

What are the 3 forms of transport?

1. Transport 2. Prompt transport 3. Rapid Transport

Define Proximate Cause

A correlation between the patient's injury(s) and the EMS responder's negligence

Define Advanced Directive

A legal document that indicates what a person wants done if he or she cannot make his or her own medical decisions.

Define Living Will

A legal document that states the types of medical care a person wants or wants withheld if they are unable to make their own treatment decisions. Also may include DNR orders.

Define AEMT

Advanced Emergency Medical Technician - a person who is able to perform basic life support skills and limited advanced life support skills.

Define ALS

Advanced Life Support - the use of specialized equipment and techniques to stabilize a patients condition

Define Duty to Act

An EMR's legal responsibility to respond quickly to an emergency scene and provide medical care.

Define Standard Precautions

An infection control method concept that treats all body fluids as potentially infectious.

Define BLS

Basic Life Support - emergency lifesaving procedures performed without advanced emergency procedures to stabilize the condition of patients who have experienced sudden illness or injury

Define Dependent Lividity

Blood settling to the lowest point of the body after death, causing discoloration of the skin

Define Expresses Consent

Consent actually given by a person, either verbally or nonverbally, authorizing EMR to provide care or transportation

Define Implied Consent

Consent to receive emergency medical care that is assumed because the individual is unconscious, underage, or so badly injured or ill that they cannot respond

Define CISD

Critical Incident Stress Debriefing - A system of psychological support designed to reduce stress on emergency personnel after a major stress producing incident

Define CISM

Critical Incident Stress Management - A process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them, directing the EMS personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium

What are the 4 main conditions you can tell a person is dead?

Decapitation, rigor mortis, tissue decomp and dependent lividity.

What are the 5 stages of grief?

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Define Negiligence

Deviation from the accepted standard of care resulting in further injury to the patient

What are the three most common routes for transmission of infectious diseases?

Direct contact, Airborne pathogens and Bloodborne pathogens

Define EMR

Emergency Medical Responder - The first medically trained person to arrive on scene.

Define Abandonment

Failure of the EMR to continue emergency medical treatment until relieved by someone with the same or higher level of training

Define Good Samaritan Laws

Laws that encourage citizens to voluntarily help an injured or suddenly ill person by minimizing the liability for any errors or omissions in providing good faith emergency care

What does an advanced directive include?

Living wills, durable powers of attorney for health care and DNR orders.

Define Pathogens

Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease

Define Informed Consent

Permission for treatment given by a competent patient after the potential risks, benefits and alternatives to treatment have been explained

What does stress management consist of?

Recognizing, preventing, and reducing critical incident stress.

What are the sequence of events of the EMS System?

Reporting, Dispatch, Emergency Medical Response, EMS Vehicle Response and Hospital Care

Define Rigor Mortis

Stiffening of the body

Define Standard of Care

The manner in which an individual must act or behave when giving care.

Define Prompt Transport

The patient needs to be taken to the appropriate medical facility in a short period of time or the condition will worsen and possibly cause death.

Define Defibrillation

The process of delivering an electric shock through a person's chest wall and heart for the purpose of ending lethal heart rhythms such as ventricular fibrillation and to help establish normal heart contraction rhythm

What are the 4 basic goals of EMR training?

To know what NOT to do, how to provide care using your EMR life support kit, how to improvise and how to assist other EMS providers

Define Rapid Transport

When EMS personnel are not able to give the patient adequate lifesaving care in the field and the patient may die if not transported immediately.

When are CISDS usually conducted?

Within 24 to 72 hours following a major incident

Define Standing Orders

Written documents signed be the emergency medical service system's medical director, that outline specific directions, permissions, and sometimes prohibitions regarding patient care - protocols.

Which of the following interventions would the EMR most likely perform at the scene of a cardiac arrest? a. CPR and defibrillation b. Insertion of an endotracheal tube c. Administration of certain medications d. Initiation of an intravenous line

a. CPR and defibrillation

Difficulty sleeping may be a difficult sign of stress to recognize in EMRs because: a. shift work or rotating hours make normal sleep patterns hard to maintain b. stress usually causes EMRs to request additional hours c. increased adrenaline often causes the responder to be hyperactive d. the EMR often responds to stress by sleeping excessively

a. shift work or rotating hours make normal sleep patterns hard to maintain

A 33-year-old woman has a possible broken left ankle. She is in significant pain but conscious and otherwise stable. This patient needs: a. transport b. rapid transport c. prompt transport d. urgent transport

a. transport

You are at the scene of a shooting. The patient, who is being cared for by paramedics, is unresponsive and has severe bleeding from his injury. In this case, the EMR's most important function is to: a. help keep bystanders away from the patient b. help the paramedics prepare for rapid transport c. factually document the care provided to the patient d. report observations of LEO personnel

b. help the paramedics prepare for rapid transport

Which of the following most accurately describes an EMR? a. an individual who responds to the scene in an ambulance b. the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene c. an individual who provides initial ALS d. a firefighter or police officer who assists the paramedics

b. the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene

All of the following are part of the normal grieving process, except: a. anger b. violence c. depression d. acceptance

b. violence

A BLS ambulance is most accurately defined as: a. any transport vehicle that is staffed by at least to EMRS b. an emergency response vehicle equipped with a defibrillator c. a properly equipped vehicle that is staffed by EMT personnel d. any transport vehicle that is staffed by EMT personnel

c. a properly equipped vehicle that is staffed by EMT personnel

Following a call involving a high-profile individual, a police officer asks you for a copy of your patient care report. You should: a. provide the officer with the patient care report because you are required by law to do so b. refuse to give the officer a copy of your report but verbally share the information with them c. advise the office that they must obtain a legal subpoena to receive a copy of your report d. provide a copy of your report to the officer only if you have permission from the patient's family.

c. advise the office that they must obtain a legal subpoena to receive a copy of your report

Which of the following would be the EMR's most important initial responsibility when arriving at the scene of a multiple patient incident? a. Advising the dispatcher that additional resources will be needed b. Protecting the bystanders from any hazards that may exist at the scene c. Quickly gaining access to all patients and begin immediate treatment d. Assessing the environment to detect possible threats to his or her safety

d. Assessing the environment to detect possible threats to his or her safety

The scope of care under which the EMR functions is specified by the: a. National Registry of EMTs b. State Dept of Public Safety c. National Association of EMTs d. EMS system medical director

d. EMS system medical director

Ways in which the EMR can prevent and reduce unnecessary stress include all of the following, except: a. learning to recognize the signs and symptoms of stress b. adjustments in lifestyle to include stress-reducing activities c. being aware of the resources and services that area available d. frequent exposure to stress-causing situations to train the mind

d. frequent exposure to stress-causing situations to train the mind

Which of the following situations would most likely produce the greatest amount of stress for the EMR? a. uneventful birth of a child b. stable patient with an open leg fracture c. chest pain in an otherwise healthy patient d. incident involving a large number of patients

d. incident involving a large number of patients

Skills commonly performed by the EMR include all of the following except: a. treating shock b. splinting fractures c. hemorrhage control d. intravenous therapy

d. intravenous therapy

What 4 conditions must be present for a legal claim of negligence?

duty to act, breach of duty, resulting injuries and proximate cause