MGMT 330 part 1
Which of the following best demonstrates "behavioral modeling?"
A new server observes an experienced server for the first half of the shift and then begins working her own tables during the second half of the shift.
Extraversion
A personality dimension describing someone who is talkative, passionate, sociable, gregarious, and assertive
openness to experience
A personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity, creative
Agreeableness
A personality dimension that describes someone who is good natured, warm, kind, cooperative, and trusting.
Conscientiousness
A personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized
The three dimensions of trustworthiness include:
Ability, benevolence, integrity
Which of the following is true with regard to affect-based trust?
Affect-based trust relies on our feelings.
Define Justice
Reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making and can be used to explain why employees judge some authorities as more trust worthy than others
Define trust
The willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions
Moral development at the conventional stage is characterized by
an emphasis on laws, rules, and orders that govern society.
Bounded rationality involves ______________________________-.
boiling the problem down to something that is easily understood.
Although nature and nurture are important, personality is affected significantly by
genetic factors
_____ refers to the ability of an individual to understand the types of emotions he or she is experiencing, the willingness to acknowledge them, and the capability to express them naturally.
self-awareness
Personality can be changed, but such changes are apparent only over the course of
several years
cultural values
shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture that influence the development and expression of traits
T/F Ability refers to the relatively stable capabilities people have to perform a particular range of different but related activities.
true
T/F Projection bias causes problems in decision making because it limits our ability to develop appropriate criteria for a decision and evaluate decisions carefully.
true
It is argued that ________ represents a sort of "faith in human nature."
trust propensity
Which of the following is an informational justice rule?
truthfulness
In Hofstede's dimensions, a culture low on ________ tolerates ambiguous situations and values unusual ideas and behaviors.
uncertainty avoidance
Benevolence is defined as the perception that the authority
wants to aid the trustor
Personality captures _______
what people are like
Ability captures
what people can do
Which of the following is true with regard to trust propensity? -Trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture. -The importance of trust propensity is seen in interactions with family and friends. -Trust propensity is most likely to be seen in people who display cognition-based trust. -Low trust propensity is ideal as it prevents us from trusting others who are not trustworthy.
-Trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture.
________ is the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easier to recall.
Availability bias
Which of the following represents the three general categories into which abilities can be grouped?
Cognitive, emotional, and physical
________ is a perspective that acknowledges that the responsibility of a business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society.
Corporate Social Responsibility
The knowledge and skills that distinguish specialists from novices is referred to as...
Expertise
________ knowledge is information that is relatively easily communicated and a large part of what companies teach during training sessions.
Explicit
Employees gain both _____ knowledge as they build expertise
Explicit and Tactic
Candace can be described as an ambitious individual. She joined Boulder Distributors as a junior recruiter and wants to climb the corporate ladder to become a team leader in the future. Candace works hard to build up her reputation, makes time to interact with not only her manager but other managers as well, and lets everyone know how passionate she is about working at Boulder. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension ________ best describes Candace.
Extraversion
Twin studies have shown that genetics has the most effect on which of the Big Five personality traits?
Extraversion
T/F From the perspective of job performance, neuroticism is the most important of the Big Five.
False
T/F Justice reflects the actual fairness of an authority's decision making.
False
T/F Of the knowledge contained in organizations, 90 percent is explicit knowledge.
False
T/F Perceptual biases and heuristics are detrimental to every aspect of business.
False
T/F Personality tests are valid and reliable assessments that have been subjected to scientific investigation.
False
cognitive abilities
Include verbal ability, quantitative ability, reasoning ability, spatial ability, and perceptual ability.
Hofstede's Taxonomy of Cultural Dimensions include:
Individualism-Collectivism, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity-Femininity, and Long-Term--Short-Term Orientation.
The moderate correlation between learning and job performance may be underestimated because ________________________________.
It is difficult to measure tacit knowledge, which is relevant to task performance, due to its unspoken nature.
Learning has a moderate positive relationship with:
Job performance
If you are interested in distributive justice, you are interested in understanding which of the following?
Justice as it relates to work-related outcomes
If you are interested in distributive justice, you are interested in understanding which of the following?
Justice as it relates to work-related outcomes.
Which of the following statements offers the best description of "justice?"
Justice provides behavioral evidence that authorities within the organization are fair.
Employees are _____ able to translate their learning into accurate decisions when they struggle with limited information, faulty perceptions, faulty distributions, and escalation of commitment
Less
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of the Big Five taxonomy?
Locus of control
________ is the idea that we learn by observing the link between our voluntary behavior and the consequences that follow it.
Operant Conditioning
Grace is in charge of staffing for the pediatric unit and must make sure there are always enough nurses on the unit. When Reg breaks his leg skiing and can't work for several weeks, Grace is able to competently and easily decide how to adjust the schedule because she has done this many times over the years. Schedule reshuffling is a _______________ for her.
Programmed decision
In thinking of the contingencies of reinforcement, which of the following is most likely to INCREASE desired behavior?
Removing an unwanted outcome after performance of a desired behavior.
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates personality?
Shanda is generally friendly, likable, and calm under pressure.
T/F Disposition-based trust depends on the trustor's propensity to trust.
True
T/F General cognitive ability measures the areas an individual has in common across the more specific cognitive abilities and is comparable to the concept of IQ.
True
T/F The entire process of reinforcement is a continuous cycle, and the repetition of behaviors is strengthened to the degree that reinforcement continues to occur.
True
Learning
a relatively permanent change in an employees knowledge or skills that results from an experience
Conscientious people prioritize
accomplishment striving
In some ways, Colin is not a very good manager. He can be disorganized and flaky, and he often foists his own job responsibilities off onto others. However, his staff love him because he has a lot of personal charm and lets them do things like bring their pets to work. Colin's staff displays ________-based trust in him.
affect
When a fight broke out between two workers at Leo Motors, James, a coworker, decided to walk away and let the situation resolve on its own. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes James.
agreeableness
Organizations use four specific consequences to modify employee behavior. These are known as:
contingencies of reinforcement.
What is the process of ethical decision-making model? a. moral intent-moral judgement-moral awareness-ethical behavior b. moral intent- moral awareness- ethical behavior-moral judgement c. moral awareness-moral intent-moral judgement-ethical behavior d. moral awareness-moral judgement-moral intent-ethical behavior
d. moral awareness-moral judgement-moral intent-ethical behavior
programmed decisions
decisions that become somewhat automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken *Many task-related decisions made by experts are programmed decisions
The job of a parole board primarily involves making decisions by applying rules to an applicant's case and then deciding whether or not the individual should be granted parole. This process uses the parole board members' ability in the area of ________ reasoning.
deductive
explicit knowledge
easily communicated and available to everyone
Being able to recover quickly from emotional experiences reflects one's
emotion regulation
Learning allows...
employees to make better decisions by making those decisions more quickly and by being able to generate a better set of alternative
According to the RIASEC model, an artistic person enjoys:
entertaining and fascinating others using imagination.
Abby flunked the midterm and tells everyone it is the teacher's fault. She did not study because she knew it would just be a waste of time. After all, she knew the "teacher had it in for her." Abby demonstrates a(n)
external locus of control
Larson, a first-line supervisor at Lou's Market, regularly uses abusive and derogatory words when dealing with his subordinates. Many employees have also heard Larson refer to specific employees with inappropriate labels ridiculing their ethnicity, names, or weaknesses. From the scenario, it can be concluded that workers at Lou's lack ________ justice.
interpersonal
Which of the following is characteristic of disposition-based trust?
it is based on the general propensity of the trustor to trust others.
Conscientiousness has a moderate positive relationship with
job performance
Through various forms of training, companies can give employees more _____ and a wider array of ____ that they can use to make decisions
knowledge, experience
Building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence when a person has a(n) __________________________.
learning orientation.
Non-programmed decisions
made when a problem is new, complex, or not recognized. Ideally, such decisions are made by following the steps in the rational decision-making model
Bankers on Wall Street have to choose and apply formulas to solve problems related to the economy and the stock market. Which of the following abilities is required?
mathematical reasoning
Affect-based trust
meaning that it depends on feelings towards the authority that go beyond any rational assessment
Cognition-based trust
meaning that it's rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness
Disposition-based trust
meaning that your personality traits include a general propensity to trust others
Tamara is considering accepting a bribe from a company bidding on a construction project even though she knows that the company has engaged in dangerous practices in the past. She knows her family, friends, coworkers, and managers would all consider this action unethical, but the money could pay for a really nice vacation. This decision is causing her a great deal of stress. Tamara is feeling a high level of
moral intensity based on social consensus.
Which of the following is a feature of social exchange relationships between organizations and employees?
mutual investment
Neuroticism
nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, and jealous
Which is the best learning method to acquire tacit knowledge in organization?
observation
The "Big Five"
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
Learning has a weak positive relationship with
organizational commitment
Conscientiousness has a moderate positive relationship with
organizational commitment *has stronger effects on these outcomes than the rest of the Big Five
People with a performance-avoid orientation focus on demonstrating their competence so that _______________________________.
others will not think poorly of them.
Mariel is in the market to buy a used car. Her friend Mika tells her that she should avoid City Motors. Mika's boyfriend bought his car there, and it breaks down constantly. Mariel talks to several other friends who agree with Mika. Their judgment reflects the fact that City Motors has
poor reputation
Decision-making
refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem
ability
refers to the relatively stable capabilities people have to perform a particular range of different but related activities -Differences in ability are a function of both genes and the environment
Personality
refers to the structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior also refers to people's social reputations--the way they are perceived by others
Define ethics
reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms and can be used to explain why authorities choose to act in a trustworthy manner
Employees learn new knowledge through _____ and ____ of others. That learning also depends on whether the employees are learning-orientated or performance orientated
reinforcement and observation
When decision makers select the first acceptable alternative considered, the result is ____________________.
satisficing
On the third day teaching at a public school, Tiffany, who is used to teaching at a small private school, has become very frustrated with the larger class size and louder behavior than she is accustomed to. When Kathy, the principal, comes into the room and asks how she is doing, despite wanting to pretend everything is under control, Tiffany admits that she is feeling a bit frustrated and overwhelmed because she is not used to this environment. Tiffany has just displayed _____.
self-awareness
Several managers at Fletcher's company were publicly accused of sexual harassment by an ex-employee of the company. The press immediately latched onto the story and it went viral on the Internet. This is an example of a situation with high _________________.
social pressure
tactic knowledge
something employees can only learn through expertise
Physical abilities include:
strength, stamina, flexibility and coordination, psychomotor abilities, and sensory abilities
Emotional intelligence is an ability ______________________________.
that affects social functioning.
The big five is the dominant taxonomy of personality; other taxonomous include
the Myer Briggs type inventory and Holland's RIASEC model
emotional intelligence
the ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions -Includes four specific kinds of emotional skills: self-awareness, other awareness, emotional regulation, and use of emotions
