MICRO 1113 Exam 5 Ch. 27

How is Leptospirosis passed to humans? Where does this bacterium travel to after an individual is infected? What is causative agent?

Animal passes it to human through mucous membranes or wound and then gets into urinary system. Leptospira interrogans causes it.

What is the most frequent cause of bacterial cystitis? What are symptoms?

Catheters and E. Coli. asymptomatic sometimes. burning urination, urgency to urinate, frequent release of small amounts of urine.

Which bacterial infection ranks an the most common notifiable infection?

Chlamydia

Chlamydial infections, this organism exists in two forms which is the infectious form?

Elementary body (EB)

What is the target of the antiretroviral medication?

HIV particles reverse transcriptase Integrase HIV protease

Which viral STI is associated with cervical cancer?

HPV causes genital warts and cervical cancer

What is causative agent of genital herpes?

HSV-2

What does "HIV" stand for?

Human immunodeficiency virus

Vulvovaginal candidiasis: What are the symptoms? What is causative agent?

Intense itching and burning, thick clumpy discharge Candida albicans

Gonorrhea is human only infection. What is causative agent? What are some of the more serious outcomes if left untreated? What is the purpose of treating newborns with eyedrops of erythromycin?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae infertility, DGI, infective endocarditis, meningitis Can give infants neonatal conjuctivitis

Bacterial vaginosis: What the main factors associated with this condition?

No inflammation, child bearing years, grayish white discharge, fish smell

Trichomoniasis

Protozoans are eukaryotes but Trichomonas vaginalis lacks mitochondria (most cells have this organelle).

What so the lesions of genital herpes look like?

Red bumps on genitalia that blister and break and recur

How is HIV/AIDS spread?

Sexual contact with an infected individual Exchange of bodily fluids from an infected individual

What are factors that affect the chances of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?

Surgery, Anesthesia, not peeing enough, hygiene, etc.

The main cell type that is the target of HIV/AIDS

T-cells

Syphilis What is causative agent? How is infection associated with mental illness? What are the four stages of this disease?

Treponema pallidum It can imitate mental illness Primary: firm, round, red ulcer (chancre) Secondary: immune response, aches and pains, fever, etc Latent: no symptoms Tertiary: lesions all over the body including brain

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

a severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and, in severe cases, shock and death; usually affects menstruating women using tampons; caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

AIDS

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

The normal microbiota of the genital tract of women affected by what two factors?

affected by estrogen levels AND dependent on the activity of Lactobacillus.

Its unusual metabolism for a eukaryote produces hydrogen gas. How does this contribute to the type of discharge that is produced by this infection?

frothy vaginal discharge

Staphylococcal toxic shock: What are the symptoms? What is causative agent?

high temp, muscle aches, diarrhea, confusion, low BP, organ failure Staphylococcus aureus

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis

Cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

Chancroid: What is causative agent? What are the characteristics of chancre of chancroid?

painful genital ulcers quickly get bigger Haemophilus ducreyi

The lack of cell wall means it is intrinsically resistant to what type of antibiotics.

pencillin

Chancre

primary lesion of syphilis

Mycoplasma genitalium infections have two important features:

s shape and its lack of a cell wall.

HPV Sypmtoms

warty growths on external and internal genitalia various shapes and sizes