Micro 2060 Chapter 16 Review Questions

An antigen is A) a molecule that reacts specifically with an antibody or immune lymphocyte. B) the variable region of an antibody. C) the constant region of an antibody. D) a cytokine. E) None of these choices are correct.

A

CD4 cells are A) T helper cells. B) cytotoxic T cells. C) macrophages. D) B cells. E) All of these choices are correct.

A

IgE is A) involved with the allergic reaction. B) the antibody that crosses the placenta for the child's immune response. C) the receptor for antigens on the B lymphocyte. D) secreted into the intestinal tract. E) None of these choices are correct.

A

Which markers are found on all nucleated cells? a) MHC class I molecules b) MHC class II molecules c) CD4 d) CD8

A

Which of the following can cross the placenta, thus protecting the developing fetus against infection? A) IgG B) IgM C) IgA D) IgD E) IgE

A

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the cell-mediated immune response? A) B cell involvement B) MHC class I molecules C) cytotoxic T cells D) CD8 molecules E) None of these are correct.

A

Which of the following is important in eliminating parasites, particularly helminths? A) IgE. B) IgG. C) IgM. D) IgD. E) IgA.

A

Anti-idiotype antibodies are naturally-occurring antibodies that stick to the antigen-binding sites of specific antibodies. What is their probable effect on the adaptive immune response? A) Accelerates the binding of antibodies to antigens. B) Interferes with the binding of antibodies to antigens. C) Prevents autoimmune disease. D) Stimulates opsonization. E) Counteracts the complement cascade.

B

Dendritic cells and macrophages start the immune response by A) degrading MHC class I proteins and presenting them on the surface of their cells. B) degrading foreign proteins and presenting them on MHC class II proteins. C) producing cytokines to recruit T helper cells. D) activating B cells directly. E) None of these choices are correct.

B

The humoral response of human immunity produces A) neutrophils/polymorphonuclear cells. B) antibody proteins. C) complements. D) blood serum. E) interferons.

B

Which of the following are examples of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) 1. Macrophage 2. Neutrophil 3. B cell 4. T cell 5. Plasma cell a) 1,2 b) 1,3 c) 2,4 d) 3,5 e)1,2,3

B

Which of the following is FALSE about B lymphocytes? A) They develop in the bone marrow. B) They are responsible for cell mediated immunity. C) They are associated with antibodies. D) Some B lymphocytes form memory cells. E) All of these choices are true statements.

B

Which of the following statements about B cells/ antibody production is false? a) B cells of a given specificity initially have the potential to make more than one class of antibody b) In response to antigen, all B cell located clost to the antigen begin dividing c) Each B cell is programmed to make a single specificty of antibody d) the B-cell receptor enables B cells to "sense" that antigen is present e) The cell type that makes and secretes antibody is called a plasma cell

B

Who coined the term "antitoxin"? A) Gerald Edelman B) Emil von Behring C) Fredrick Loeffler D) Robert Koch E) Rodney Porter

B

An epitope is A) the part of the antibody that binds to the antigen. B) the part of the antibody that binds to the T helper cell. C) part of the antigen that is bound by the antibody. D) the variable region of the antibody. E) None of these choices are correct.

C

Clonal selection A) affects only memory cells. B) only happens to B cells as they become plasma cells. C) occurs with both T cells and B cells. D) happens only with B cells that produce IgE. E) occurs in the blood stream.

C

The Fab region of an antibody A) is important in cellular recognition. B) is constant for antibodies in the same class. C) binds to the antigen. D) is not found in all antibody classes. E) None of these choices are correct.

C

The maternal IgG antibodies decrease in a child as he gets older because A) the child is not exposed to the antigen anymore B) antibody production is decreased in the newborn child. C) maternal antibodies are cleared from the child's system within 6 months of birth of birth D) IgM antibodies are the major maternal antibody given. E) None of these choices are correct.

C

A person who has been vaccinated against a disease should have primarily which of these types of antibodies against that agent 2 years later? a) IgA b) IgD c) IgE d) IgG e) IgM

D

A plasma cell is a ______________ cell that has matured and produces ________________. A) T, cytokines B) cytotoxic T, cell-killing C) macrophage, antigens D) B, antibodies E) CD3, antibodies

D

How long does it take for a substantial amount of antibody to accumulate after being exposed to an antigen? A) Approximately 2 - 3 days B) Approximately 4 - 6 days C) Approximately 7 - 9 days D) Approximately 10 - 14 days E) Approximately 19 - 21 days

D

IgM A) has five antigen-binding sites. B) has the ability to cross the placenta. C) attaches to mast cells and basophils. D) controls bloodstream infections. E) is secreted into saliva.

D

What is the appropriate response when antigen is presented by MHC class II molecules? a) An effector CD8 cells should kill the presenting cell b) An effector CD4 cell should kill the presenting cell c) An effector CD8 cell should activate the presenting cell d) An effector CD4 cell should activate the presenting cell

D

Which class of antibody can cross the placenta? a) IgA b) IgD c) IgE d) IgG e) IgM

D

Which of the following cell types cannot replicate in response to a specific antigen? a) B cells b) Cytotoxic T cells c) Helper T cells d) Plasma cells

D

Which of the following creates "mouthfuls" of antigens making it easier for phagocytosis to occur? A) neutralization. B) opsonization. C) immobilization. D) aggregation. E) None of these are correct.

D

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) T helper cells release cytokines. B) T helper cells activate specific B cells. C) T helper cells are antigen specific. D) T helper cells kill virus-infected cells. E) T helper cells have CD4 on the cell surface.

D

Which term describes the loss of specific heavy chain genes? a) affinity maturation b) apoptosis c) clonal selection d)class switching

D

__________________________ are descendants of activated lymphocytes with the ability to produce specific cytokines or other protective substances. A) Immature lymphocytes B) Naïve lymphocytes C) Activated lymphocytes D) Effector lymphocytes E) Memory lymphocytes

D

A genetically engineered drug that binds to the heavy chain of IgE would be most useful for A) controlling transplant rejection. B) reducing blood transfusion illness. C) building up innate immunity. D) enhancing opsonization. E) treating allergies.

E

Immunoglobins A) are proteins. B) recognize and bind to foreign substances. C) increase phagocytosis. D) neutralize toxins. E) All of these choices are correct.

E

The variable regions of antibodies are located in: 1. Fc Region 2. Fab region 3. light chain 4. heavy chain 5. light chain and heavy chain a)1,3 b) 1,5 c)2,3 d)2,4 e) 2,5

E

Which of the following statements about antibodies is false? a) if you removed the Fc portion, antibodies would no longer be capable of opsonization b) if you removed the Fc portion, antibodies would no longer be capable of activating the complement system c) if you removed the Fab portion, an antibody would no longer be capable of agglutination d) if IgG were a pentamer, it would be more effective at agglutinating antigens e) if IgE had longer half-life, it would protect newborn infants

E

T/F The secondary lymphoid organs include the bone marrow and thymus.

F