Micro test 4 Respiratory system infectious diseases
Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factor
Capsule
Atypical necrotic lesion seen in TB as the lung tubercles break down is called a
Caseous lesion
As tuberculosis infections progress tubercles break down into necrotic
Caseous lesions
Drug resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumonia are now treated with
Cerfuroxime
_________ Are most often affected by scarlet fever
Children
What is the recovery period time of a disease when the numbers of the causative agent or decreasing and the symptoms have disappeared
Convalescent
Churro false the upper and lower respiratory tract due to constant contact with the external environment possesses a large amount of normal microbiota
False
True or false chest x-ray is the definitive preferred method for diagnosis of influenza
False
True or false pharyngitis often results in ear infections
False
Which of the following is NOT true of streptococcus pneumoniae
Forms spores
Influenza a virus is her name according to their different types of _______ and N glycoprotein spikes
H
The signs and symptoms of influenza include (7)
Headache bodyaches fatigue stuffy nose dry cough fever sore throat
signs and symptoms of scarlet fever include
High fever and sand paper like skin rash
Hantavirus virulence factor
Induced inflammatory response
Viral infection causing chills bodyaches headache and fever
Influenza
Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum include __________.
It grows in moist soil; rich in nitrogen from bird and bat droppings
As air enters the nasal cavity
It is clean before entering the rest of the respiratory system
Those at greatest risk for exposure to TB work or live in
Jails, nursing homes
Which disease involves transmission of aerosolized water from whirlpool spas air conditioners cooling towers and supermarket vegetable misters
Legionellosis
What on S. pyogenes prevents adherence to epithelial cells in the Fahrenheit
Lipoteichoic acid
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) Causes scarlet fever when it becomes infected with a _________ bacteriophage
Lysogenic
Cells surface polysaccharides protect against
Lysozyme
What In S. pyogenes helps resist phagocytosis and adherence
M protein
Which of the following causes a noncommunical pulmonary infection that resembles tuberculosis
MAC
The screening test for the tuberculin hypersensitive the is called the
Mantoux test
Healthcare associated pneumonia is most commonly associated with
Mechanical ventilation
FHA enable cell_______ and production of_______
Multiplication; toxins
The main causative agent for tuberculosis is
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Which of the following organisms is most problematic with respect to the resistance to antibiotics Streptococcus pyogenes Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bordetella pertussis Haemophilus influenzae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Whooping cough is caused by a gram-
Negative rod
Does Streptococcus pyogenes form a catalyst
No (It is catalyst negative)
Legionella pnemophila _________
Often lives intracellulary with amoebas
Can be associated with a viral infection, or caused by a bacterial infection in the normally sterile middle ear routine used a broad-spectrum antibiotics for treatment has led to resistance watchful waiting is now recommended
Otitis media
What stage is the second stage of pertussis characterized by uncontrollable coughing with a distinct sound
Paroxysmal
What must an organism be able to do to cause pneumonia
Penetrate the lower respiratory tract, survive the immune defenses
The antibiotic of choice for S pyogenes
Penicillin
Treatment for Streptococcus pyogenes
Penicillin cephalexin
Caused by Bordetella
Pertussis
Viral forms of this disease are typically less severe but are associated with hoarseness, S pyogenes causes an often severe form of disease due to its generation of surface antigen toxins and enzymes
Pharyngitis
Factors contributing to the virus of S pyogenes include
Super antigens, surface antigen mimicry a post proteins
Histoplasma capsulatum virulence factor
Survival of phagocytes
Rheumatic fever is caused by
an immunological cross-reaction in which anti-streptococcal antibodies target the heart.
One of the most important functions of the normal biota of the upper respiratory system is microbial
antagonism
Which of the following is NOT true of whooping cough
coldlike symptoms are common for the paroxysmal stage
symptoms of influenza (5) (FCMStNd) (four cows might strip naked)
fever, cough, myalgias, sore throat, nasal discharge
Stages of infection
incubation, prodromal, illness, convalescence
Extrapulmonary TB can involve the
kidneys, long bones, spine, brain (all these choices are correct)
The typical incubation period for influenza is
1-4 days
bordetella pertussis Attaches to epithelial cells via
FHA
Active TB drug regimen
4 drugs for two months then
Patients who are at risk for reactivated TB are treated with antibiotics for up to how long
9 months
The cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered ____________ because it is difficult to stain
Acid fast
What type of staining maybe used to identify mycobacterium in a sputum sample
Acid fast
The general type of staining procedure that is used to diagnose the tuberculosis bacterium based upon his cell wall structure is known as the
Acid-fast stain
In addition to rhinoviruses, other viruses that are major causes of the common cold are
Adenoviruses, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus
Mycoplasma pneumoniae virulence factor
Adhesins
Which of the following infections often has/have a polymicrobial cause Otitis media healthcare associated pneumonia sinusitis all of these may be poly microbial infections
All
Normal biota of the upper respiratory tract include a. alpha-hemolytic streptococci. b. Neisseria meningitidis. c. Streptococcus pneumoniae. d. Streptococcus pyogenes. e. all of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following are second and third line defenses for the respiratory system
Alveolar macrophages; secretory IGA
Treatment for whooping cough
Azithromycin
Whooping cough is caused by
Bacteria
The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is: A. catalase. B. reverse transcriptase. C. hyaluronidase. D. neuraminidase. E. kinase.
D. neuraminidase.
Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat as seen in
Diphtheria
Pseudomembrane forms on the tonsils or pharynx caused by cornyebacterium... Which produces an exotoxin prevention by DTaP vaccination
Diphtheria
Normal biota of the lower respiratory tract include A. Corynebacterium. B. Candida albicans. C. Haemophilus influenzae. D. Staphlococcus aureus. E. None of the choices is correct.
E. None of the choices is correct
What is the fluid that builds up in the middle ear due to the presence in multiplication of bacteria
Effusion
Disease is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
Pharyngitis, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever
the vast majority of pneumonia caused by __________ occurs in AIDS patient
Pneumocystis jirovecii
What are infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract
Pneumonia tuberculosis
Streptococcus pyogenes is a gram
Positive coccus
What TB is mostly asymptomatic
Primary
The three types of tuberculosis are
Primary, secondary, extra pulmonary
Viral infection characterized by giant multi nucleated cells
RSV
Which of the following are infectious diseases of both the upper and lower respiratory tract
RSV, influenza, pertussis (whooping cough 😷)
Culture and diagnosis of streptococcus pyogenes
Rapid antigen test, beta-hemolysis
In the Zeihl-Neelsen acid-fast staining procedure, Acid-fast organisms will appear what color....non acid fast organisms will be
Red; blue
The main signs and symptoms of pharyngitis include
Reddened mucosa, pain and swelling of throat, swollen tonsils
The role of the normal biota in the upper respiratory tract is to
Reduce the growth of harmful pathogens in the system
Which of the following is the most common portal of entry for pathogens
Respiratory system
The common cold, caused by 200+ virus is transmitted by indirect or droplet contact symptoms due to the localized inflammatory reaction mounted against the virus, similar to those of inhalant allergies
Rhinitis
Multi drug resistant tuberculosis is defined as being resistant to
Rifampin and isoniazid
Scarlet fever most often affects
School aged children
Does Streptococcus pyogenes resistant or sensitive to bacitracin
Sensitive
Pharyngitis can be caused by
Sinus drainage, viral infections, mechanical irritations, bacterial infections
Often caused by mix bacterial infections including S Pyogenes S pneumonia and H influenza which are then treated with broad-spectrum anabiotic's...
Sinusitis
The most common causative agent of otitis media is _________
Streptococcus pneumoniae
The most common causes of agent for community acquired pneumonia is
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Vaccinations against ________ prevent acute otitis media
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Which of the following statements regarding healthcare associated pneumonia are correct? -The condition is usually caused by normal microbiota -culture by tracheal swabs is critical and diagnosing this condition -anabiotic treatment is not necessary for this condition -culture of fluids obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage will identify the causative organism
The condition is usually caused by normal microbiota; culture of fluids obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage will identify the causative organism
Why do physicians distinguish between non-social and community acquired pneumonia
They are caused by different types of bacteria and are transmitted differently
Latent TB drug regimen
Three drugs for nine months
What toxins do Bordetella pertussis release
Tracheal cytotoxins, pertussis toxin, endotoxin
Pharyngitis caused by bacteria is severely painful true or false
True
True or false pharyngitis caused by bacteria may be accompanied by nausea
True
True or false: Only disease is caused by the influenza viruses are properly termed "the flu"
True
The granulomatous lung lesion seen in TB That can serve as a focus for latent infection is called a
Tubercle
In primary tuberculosis lung lesions are called
Tubercles
What is injected into the skin to screen for tuberculosis
Tuberculin
Pharyngitis is most commonly caused by a
Virus
Which main categories of micro organisms are known to cause pneumonia (Hint same as Sinusitis)
Viruses bacteria fungi
Sinusitis is caused by which general type of micro organisms
Viruses, fungi, bacteria
Inflammation of the throat is called
pharyngitis
How does diphtheria manifest
produces a cytotoxin that destroys tissue in the throat and attracts immune cells