Micro test 4 Respiratory system infectious diseases

Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factor

Capsule

Atypical necrotic lesion seen in TB as the lung tubercles break down is called a

Caseous lesion

As tuberculosis infections progress tubercles break down into necrotic

Caseous lesions

Drug resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumonia are now treated with

Cerfuroxime

_________ Are most often affected by scarlet fever

Children

What is the recovery period time of a disease when the numbers of the causative agent or decreasing and the symptoms have disappeared

Convalescent

Churro false the upper and lower respiratory tract due to constant contact with the external environment possesses a large amount of normal microbiota

False

True or false chest x-ray is the definitive preferred method for diagnosis of influenza

False

True or false pharyngitis often results in ear infections

False

Which of the following is NOT true of streptococcus pneumoniae

Forms spores

Influenza a virus is her name according to their different types of _______ and N glycoprotein spikes

H

The signs and symptoms of influenza include (7)

Headache bodyaches fatigue stuffy nose dry cough fever sore throat

signs and symptoms of scarlet fever include

High fever and sand paper like skin rash

Hantavirus virulence factor

Induced inflammatory response

Viral infection causing chills bodyaches headache and fever

Influenza

Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum include __________.

It grows in moist soil; rich in nitrogen from bird and bat droppings

As air enters the nasal cavity

It is clean before entering the rest of the respiratory system

Those at greatest risk for exposure to TB work or live in

Jails, nursing homes

Which disease involves transmission of aerosolized water from whirlpool spas air conditioners cooling towers and supermarket vegetable misters

Legionellosis

What on S. pyogenes prevents adherence to epithelial cells in the Fahrenheit

Lipoteichoic acid

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) Causes scarlet fever when it becomes infected with a _________ bacteriophage

Lysogenic

Cells surface polysaccharides protect against

Lysozyme

What In S. pyogenes helps resist phagocytosis and adherence

M protein

Which of the following causes a noncommunical pulmonary infection that resembles tuberculosis

MAC

The screening test for the tuberculin hypersensitive the is called the

Mantoux test

Healthcare associated pneumonia is most commonly associated with

Mechanical ventilation

FHA enable cell_______ and production of_______

Multiplication; toxins

The main causative agent for tuberculosis is

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Which of the following organisms is most problematic with respect to the resistance to antibiotics Streptococcus pyogenes Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bordetella pertussis Haemophilus influenzae

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Whooping cough is caused by a gram-

Negative rod

Does Streptococcus pyogenes form a catalyst

No (It is catalyst negative)

Legionella pnemophila _________

Often lives intracellulary with amoebas

Can be associated with a viral infection, or caused by a bacterial infection in the normally sterile middle ear routine used a broad-spectrum antibiotics for treatment has led to resistance watchful waiting is now recommended

Otitis media

What stage is the second stage of pertussis characterized by uncontrollable coughing with a distinct sound

Paroxysmal

What must an organism be able to do to cause pneumonia

Penetrate the lower respiratory tract, survive the immune defenses

The antibiotic of choice for S pyogenes

Penicillin

Treatment for Streptococcus pyogenes

Penicillin cephalexin

Caused by Bordetella

Pertussis

Viral forms of this disease are typically less severe but are associated with hoarseness, S pyogenes causes an often severe form of disease due to its generation of surface antigen toxins and enzymes

Pharyngitis

Factors contributing to the virus of S pyogenes include

Super antigens, surface antigen mimicry a post proteins

Histoplasma capsulatum virulence factor

Survival of phagocytes

Rheumatic fever is caused by

an immunological cross-reaction in which anti-streptococcal antibodies target the heart.

One of the most important functions of the normal biota of the upper respiratory system is microbial

antagonism

Which of the following is NOT true of whooping cough

coldlike symptoms are common for the paroxysmal stage

symptoms of influenza (5) (FCMStNd) (four cows might strip naked)

fever, cough, myalgias, sore throat, nasal discharge

Stages of infection

incubation, prodromal, illness, convalescence

Extrapulmonary TB can involve the

kidneys, long bones, spine, brain (all these choices are correct)

The typical incubation period for influenza is

1-4 days

bordetella pertussis Attaches to epithelial cells via

FHA

Active TB drug regimen

4 drugs for two months then

Patients who are at risk for reactivated TB are treated with antibiotics for up to how long

9 months

The cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered ____________ because it is difficult to stain

Acid fast

What type of staining maybe used to identify mycobacterium in a sputum sample

Acid fast

The general type of staining procedure that is used to diagnose the tuberculosis bacterium based upon his cell wall structure is known as the

Acid-fast stain

In addition to rhinoviruses, other viruses that are major causes of the common cold are

Adenoviruses, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus

Mycoplasma pneumoniae virulence factor

Adhesins

Which of the following infections often has/have a polymicrobial cause Otitis media healthcare associated pneumonia sinusitis all of these may be poly microbial infections

All

Normal biota of the upper respiratory tract include a. alpha-hemolytic streptococci. b. Neisseria meningitidis. c. Streptococcus pneumoniae. d. Streptococcus pyogenes. e. all of the choices are correct

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following are second and third line defenses for the respiratory system

Alveolar macrophages; secretory IGA

Treatment for whooping cough

Azithromycin

Whooping cough is caused by

Bacteria

The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is: A. catalase. B. reverse transcriptase. C. hyaluronidase. D. neuraminidase. E. kinase.

D. neuraminidase.

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat as seen in

Diphtheria

Pseudomembrane forms on the tonsils or pharynx caused by cornyebacterium... Which produces an exotoxin prevention by DTaP vaccination

Diphtheria

Normal biota of the lower respiratory tract include A. Corynebacterium. B. Candida albicans. C. Haemophilus influenzae. D. Staphlococcus aureus. E. None of the choices is correct.

E. None of the choices is correct

What is the fluid that builds up in the middle ear due to the presence in multiplication of bacteria

Effusion

Disease is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

Pharyngitis, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever

the vast majority of pneumonia caused by __________ occurs in AIDS patient

Pneumocystis jirovecii

What are infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract

Pneumonia tuberculosis

Streptococcus pyogenes is a gram

Positive coccus

What TB is mostly asymptomatic

Primary

The three types of tuberculosis are

Primary, secondary, extra pulmonary

Viral infection characterized by giant multi nucleated cells

RSV

Which of the following are infectious diseases of both the upper and lower respiratory tract

RSV, influenza, pertussis (whooping cough 😷)

Culture and diagnosis of streptococcus pyogenes

Rapid antigen test, beta-hemolysis

In the Zeihl-Neelsen acid-fast staining procedure, Acid-fast organisms will appear what color....non acid fast organisms will be

Red; blue

The main signs and symptoms of pharyngitis include

Reddened mucosa, pain and swelling of throat, swollen tonsils

The role of the normal biota in the upper respiratory tract is to

Reduce the growth of harmful pathogens in the system

Which of the following is the most common portal of entry for pathogens

Respiratory system

The common cold, caused by 200+ virus is transmitted by indirect or droplet contact symptoms due to the localized inflammatory reaction mounted against the virus, similar to those of inhalant allergies

Rhinitis

Multi drug resistant tuberculosis is defined as being resistant to

Rifampin and isoniazid

Scarlet fever most often affects

School aged children

Does Streptococcus pyogenes resistant or sensitive to bacitracin

Sensitive

Pharyngitis can be caused by

Sinus drainage, viral infections, mechanical irritations, bacterial infections

Often caused by mix bacterial infections including S Pyogenes S pneumonia and H influenza which are then treated with broad-spectrum anabiotic's...

Sinusitis

The most common causative agent of otitis media is _________

Streptococcus pneumoniae

The most common causes of agent for community acquired pneumonia is

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Vaccinations against ________ prevent acute otitis media

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Which of the following statements regarding healthcare associated pneumonia are correct? -The condition is usually caused by normal microbiota -culture by tracheal swabs is critical and diagnosing this condition -anabiotic treatment is not necessary for this condition -culture of fluids obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage will identify the causative organism

The condition is usually caused by normal microbiota; culture of fluids obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage will identify the causative organism

Why do physicians distinguish between non-social and community acquired pneumonia

They are caused by different types of bacteria and are transmitted differently

Latent TB drug regimen

Three drugs for nine months

What toxins do Bordetella pertussis release

Tracheal cytotoxins, pertussis toxin, endotoxin

Pharyngitis caused by bacteria is severely painful true or false

True

True or false pharyngitis caused by bacteria may be accompanied by nausea

True

True or false: Only disease is caused by the influenza viruses are properly termed "the flu"

True

The granulomatous lung lesion seen in TB That can serve as a focus for latent infection is called a

Tubercle

In primary tuberculosis lung lesions are called

Tubercles

What is injected into the skin to screen for tuberculosis

Tuberculin

Pharyngitis is most commonly caused by a

Virus

Which main categories of micro organisms are known to cause pneumonia (Hint same as Sinusitis)

Viruses bacteria fungi

Sinusitis is caused by which general type of micro organisms

Viruses, fungi, bacteria

Inflammation of the throat is called

pharyngitis

How does diphtheria manifest

produces a cytotoxin that destroys tissue in the throat and attracts immune cells