Microbiology Test 4 Quiz

Transformation occurs in approximately ______ percent of a bacterial population. A. 1 B. 10 C. 25 D. 50

A. 1

Normal microbiota can benefit the host by preventing the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms. This is called microbial: A. Antagonism. B. Symbiosis. C. Mutualism. D. Commensalism.

A. Antagonism

These are bacterial proteins that destroy other bacteria: A. Bacteriocins B. Transposons. C. Phages. D. Penicillins. E. All of the above.

A. Bacteriocins

The process for gene transfer which requires cell-to-cell contact and a particular type of plasmid is called: A. Conjugation. B. Transduction. C. Crossing over. D. Transformation.

A. Conjugation.

Hfr strains: A. Contain an integrated copy of the F-plasmid, and thus, may transfer regions of the bacterial chromosome during conjugation. B. Contain a bacteriophage that mediates frequent transduction. C. Have highly developed homologous recombination systems, and can readily integrate DNA after transfer. D. Readily take up DNA from the medium, and thus, are more easily transformed.

A. Contain an integrated copy of the F-plasmid, and thus, may transfer regions of the bacterial chromosome during conjugation.

You have carried out a conjugation experiment and discovered that the recipient cells have almost all become donors, but that no chromosomal genes have been transferred. The donor cell in the original mating was a(n): A. F+ cell. B. Hfr cell. C. F- cell. D. F' cell.

A. F+ cell.

Which of the following diseases is NOT spread by droplet transmission? A. Malaria B. Influenza C. Pneumonia D. Pertussis

A. Malaria

Traditionally, healthcare-associated infections were called ________ infections. A. Nosocomial B. Opportunistic C. Chronic D. Emerging

A. Nosocomial

An infection that is acquired as a result of a hospital stay is called _________. A. Nosocomial infection B. Iatrogenic infection C. Exogenous infection D. Endogenous infection

A. Nosocomial infection

A period of illness is immediately followed by a(n): A. Period of decline. B. Incubation period. C. Prodromal period. D. Period of convalescence.

A. Period of decline

If conjugation takes place for thirty minutes which of the following statements would be true? A. The genes close to the F factor will have been transferred after 30 minutes. B. No genes will have passed to the recipient cell in only thirty minutes. C. Only the genes farthest from the F factor will be transferred. D. All the genes will have transferred to the recipient cell after thirty minutes.

A. The genes close to the F factor will have been transferred after 30 minutes.

Frederick Griffith discovered: Correct! A. Transformation. B. Transposons. C. The lac operon. D. DNA. E. Conjugation.

A. Transformation.

A generalized transducing particle is: A. A bacteriophage B. A defective bacteriophage containing host DNA C. A lysosome D. A plasmid containing the genes required for self-transfer

B. A defective bacteriophage containing host DNA

During conjugation a recipient cell might be converted to a donor cell by the: A. Loss of its capsule B. Acquisition of the F factor C. Production of plasmids D. Inactivation of the lysogenic state

B. Acquisition of the F factor

A disease that develops rapidly and lasts a short time is called a(n): A. A latent disease B. Acute disease C. Subacute disease D. Chronic disease

B. Acute disease

Figure 14.2 In Figure 14.2, what is the endemic level of rotavirus infections? A. 0% B. Approximately 10% C. Approximately 20% D. 35% E. The month of January

B. Approximately 10%

What term is used to describe a disease that develops slowly and is likely to continue or recur for long periods? A. Acute B. Chronic C. Latent D. Subacute

B. Chronic

A disease acquired by many people in a given area in a relatively short period of time is called a(n): A. Pandemic. B. Epidemic. C. Sporadic. D. Endemic.

B. Epidemic

All of the following encourage the development of opportunistic pathogens EXCEPT: A. Invasion of an unusual body site by the normal microbiota. B. Exposure to a nonliving reservoir (soil, water). C. Immune suppression in the host. D. Changes in the host's normal microbiota.

B. Exposure to a nonliving reservoir (soil, water).

A bacterium containing phage DNA integrated in its chromosome is __________. A. Avirulent B. Lysogenic C. Prophagic D. Virulent

B. Lysogenic

Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell via _________. A. A bacteriophage. B. Naked DNA in solution. C. Sexual reproduction. D. Crossing over.

B. Naked DNA in solution.

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor affecting the occurrence of disease? A. Climate B. Nationality C. Nutrition D. Preexisting illness

B. Nationality

In commensalism, A. Both organisms benefit. B. One organism benefits, and the other is unaffected. C. Both organisms are unaffected. D. One organism benefits at the expense of the other.

B. One organism benefits, and the other is unaffected

A patient experiences pain and discomfort. These changes in the patient's body function are referred to as: A. Signs. B. Symptoms. C. Syndromes. D. Infection.

B. Symptoms

Such factors as the number of parasites, their generation time and virulence, and the level of host resistance can influence: A. Hemolysin and leukocidin production. B. The incubation period for a disease. C. Whether an organism produces exotoxins. D. Whether a disease is local or systemic.

B. The incubation period for a disease.

The process in which bacterial DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell inside a bacteriophage is called: A. Conjugation. B. Transduction. C. Crossing over. D. Transformation.

B. Transduction.

Mobile genetic elements that carry the genes required for integration into host chromosomes: A. Plasmids B. Transposons C. Replicons D. Viruses

B. Transposons

What are the small segments of DNA that can move from one region of a DNA molecule to another? A. Operons B. Transposons C. Plasmids D. MicroRNAs

B. Transposons

Which of the following diseases is NOT a zoonosis? A. Rabies B. Anthrax C. AIDS D. Bubonic plague E. Rocky Mountain spotted fever

C. AIDS

An acute disease becomes _____ when the body is incapable of ridding itself of the pathogen, while a local disease becomes ______ when it disseminates to deeper organs and tissues. A. Contagious; systemic B. Contagious; secondary C. Chronic; systemic D. Chronic; secondary

C. Chronic; systemic

Which type of plasmids carry genes for sex pili and for the transfer of the plasmid to another cell? A. Dissimilation plasmids B. Bacteriocin plasmids C. Conjugative plasmids D. Transposons

C. Conjugative plasmids

A temperate bacteriophage is absolutely required for: A. Generalized transduction B. Spatial transduction C. Conjugal transduction D. Specialized transduction

D. Specialized transduction

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about normal microbiota? A. They begin to be established at birth. B. Physical and chemical factors affect their growth. C. They are localized in specific body regions. D. They are present only for a relatively short time.

D. They are present only for a relatively short time

The transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient as naked DNA in solution is called: A. Conjugation B. Transcription C. Transduction D. Transformation E. Translation

D. Transformation

Which of the following is associated with vehicle transmission? A. Respiratory droplets B. Kissing C. Fomites D. Houseflies E. Contaminated water

E. Contaminated water

Diseases NOT transmitted from one host to another are: A. Nommunicable. B. Contagious. C. Nosocomial. D. Noncommunicable.

D. Noncommunicable

Escherichia coli synthesizing vitamins K and B in the large intestine would be an example of which type of symbiosis? A. Antagonism B. Commensalism C. Parasitism D. Mutualism

D. Mutualism

During Griffith's transformation experiments: A. Live S strain bacteria mixed with dead R strain bacteria caused animal death. B. Live S strain bacteria mixed with dead R strain bacteria failed to kill the animals. C. Dead S strain bacteria mixed with live R strain bacteria caused animal death. D. Dead S strain bacteria mixed with live R strain bacteria failed to kill the animals.

C. Dead S strain bacteria mixed with live R strain bacteria caused animal death.

The rolling circle mechanism of DNA replication takes place: A. During lysogeny. B. As transposons move about. C. During bacterial conjugation. D. During the lytic cycle.

C. During bacterial conjugation.

The tranposase gene encodes an enzyme that: A. Facilitates viral replication within a genome. B. Facilitates general recombination. C. Facilitates site-specific integration of transposable elements. D. Facilitates transformation. E. None of the above

C. Facilitates site-specific integration of transposable elements.

Germ-free animals: A. Have well-developed immune systems. B. Cannot be used in research. C. Have increased susceptibility to disease. D. Require fewer calories and vitamins than normal animals.

C. Have increased susceptibility to disease.

Consider the following case. An animal was infected with a virus. A mosquito bit the animal, was contaminated with the virus, and proceeded to bite and infect a person. Which was the vector? A. Animal B. Virus C. Mosquito D. Person

C. Mosquito

On October 29, Barbara participated in as study group for her Microbiology class. On November 1, Barbara had a "scratchy throat" when she swallowed. On November 2, Barbara had a headache, runny nose, and watery eyes. She started feeling better the next day. She was fully recovered on November 7. Identify the period of illness for this infection. A. Oct 29-Nov 1 B. Nov 1 C. Nov 2 D. Nov 2-7

C. Nov 2

The oriT site refers to the: A. Original DNA. B. Cellular origin of plasmids. C. Origin of DNA transfer. D. Origin of recipient cells.

C. Origin of DNA transfer.

The number of old and new cases of a disease at a specified time is called ______________________ . A. Morbidity B. Incidence C. Prevalence D. Mortality

C. Prevalence

The stage of disease that is characterized by early, mild symptoms is called the: A. Period of illness. B. Incubation period. C. Prodromal period. D. Period of convalescence.

C. Prodromal period

Which of the following stages is not always exhibited by infectious diseases? A. Incubation period B. Convalescence C. Prodromal period D. Decline

C. Prodromal period

Competence is the ability of: A. Donor cells to transfer DNA fragments B. Phage to carry chromosomal fragments C. Recipient cells to take up DNA fragments D. Plasmids to be spliced with a foreign DNA E. F+ and F- cells to conjugate

C. Recipient cells to take up DNA fragments

An example of a noncommunicable disease is: A. Measles. B. Chickenpox. C. Tetanus. D. Influenza.

C. Tetanus

During bacterial conjugation mediated by the F-plasmid, the function of the F-pilus is: A. To cause replication of the single stranded plasmid DNA after transfer to the recipient cell. B. To facilitate the transfer of DNA across the cell membrane. C. To draw the donor and recipient cells in contact prior to DNA transfer. D. To make the DNA single stranded prior to transfer.

C. To draw the donor and recipient cells in contact prior to DNA transfer.

The transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell by a bacteriophage is called: A. Conjugation B. Transcription C. Transduction D. Transformation E. Translation

C. Transduction

The spread of pathogens via contaminated water is an example of ________ transmission. A. Indirect contact B. Direct contact C. Vehicle D. Vector

C. Vehicle

If, over the course of one year, five children are diagnosed with whooping cough, out of a total children study population of 200, then we would say the incidence rate of whooping cough in this population is: A. 200 B. 25% C. 5 D. 0.025

D. 0.025

The growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis on human skin is an example of: A. Mutualism B. Parasitism C. Antagonism D. Commensalism

D. Commensalism

Which of the following would be classified as a sign of a disease? A. Headache B. Nausea C. Chills D. Diarrhea

D. Diarrhea

Which one of the following is an indirect method of disease transmission? A. Contact with feces B. Particles of mucus expelled from the respiratory tract within one meter C. Hand-shaking D. Fomites E. Toxoplasma protozoa from the mother to the fetus

D. Fomites

One of the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains used by Griffith was called smooth because the cells: A. Lacked pili. B. Lacked a cell wall. C. Had a gram-positive cell wall. D. Had a capsule.

D. Had a capsule.

Which of the following is associated with vector transmission? A. Respiratory droplets B. Kissing C. Fomites D. Houseflies E. Contaminated water

D. Houseflies

All of the following are examples of noncommunicable diseases EXCEPT: A. Tetanus B. Tooth decay C. Acne D. Influenza E. Urinary track infection

D. Influenza

A disease in which a pathogen remains inactive for a long period of time before becoming active is termed a(n): A. Subacute disease B. Acute disease C. Chronic disease D. Latent disease

D. Latent disease

All of the following are true statements concerning the normal microbiota EXCEPT: A. The normal microbiota can become opportunistic pathogens. B. An individual's normal microbiota begin to develop at birth. C. The resident and transient microbiota are often found in the same areas. D. Most of the resident microbiota are mutualists.

D. Most of the resident microbiota are mutualists.