Midterm: Public speaking SPC 205

to restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words

paraphrase

What is an ideal final slide for a speech that includes visual aids displayed using presentation technology?

A blank slide note: when presenting an object or model, a speaker should decide ahead of time the best place to display it

Note: gathering information from online sources tempts people to plagiarize more than using other sources does

Note: Ethical guidelines for speaking: making sure your goals are ethically sound, being honest, avoiding name-calling, being fully prepared for each speech Does not include dressing well for the speech

Note: If we ensure someone's right to free speech, it does not mean we agree with what they say

Note: any borrowed language or ideas must be credited

Note: as a listener, failing to be attentive is not ethical behavior

Note: ethical behavior for a listener includes taking seriously your responsibility as a listener, showing support for the speaker by being attentive, showing speakers the same cy you want from them when you are speaking, using good manners when someone else is speaking, keeping an open mind to controversial ideas, focusing your attention on the speaker

Note: global plagiarism is most often the result of putting off speech preparation until the deadline is near

Note: the title of each internet document is included in a speech bibliography for listing online sources used

the ____ is the most culturally diverse society in the world

United States

What is a recommended strategy for ensuring that the fonts used in a presentation program are clear, legible, and consistent?

Using a built-in theme note: guidelines for effective use of text on presentation technology slides include using key words only; limit text to under 6 lines

a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress

adrenaline

a frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc.

attitude

keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation

audience-centeredness

the first 10 amendments to the united states constitution

bill of rights

a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech

central idea

what you expect to say in a speech

central idea note: signposts are: brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in a speech; frequently just numbers

in the process of communication, the ____ is defined as the means by which a message is communicated

channel

a conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading gradually is called a ____ ending

dissolve

the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being

egocentrism

the oldest known handbook on effective speech was written 4,500 years ago in ____

egypt

the messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker

feedback

questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives

fixed-alternative questions

the broad goal of a speech

general purpose

motions of a speaker's hands or arms during a speech

gestures

the major points developed in the body of a speech

main points

whatever a speaker communicates to someone else

message

____ plagiarism occurs when a speaker ties together words and ideas from several sources without citation

patchwork

constructing a speech out of language from two or three sources, without crediting the sources or including much original language, is called ____ plagiarism

patchwork plagiarism

questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers

scale questions

the time and place in which speech communication occurs

situation

in addition to factoring in the audience size and physical setting of a speech, a ____ audience analysis also considers how the audience feels about the speech topic

situational note: considers the size of the audience; considers the physical setting; should be used in conjunction with demographic analysis

the subject of a speech

topic

a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

topical order

the ____ message consists of the spoken words

verbal message

drawings, photographs, graphs, and videos are examples of

visual aids note: when presenting visual aids, speakers should focus on talking to their listeners rather than looking at heir visual aid; explain each visual aid as it is displayed; display visual aids only when talking about them

questions that allow respondents to answer however they want

open-ended questions

involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines

ethical decisions

the nervousness and anxiety you feel at the start of your speech is a normal consequence of your body's production of ____

adrenaline

the main section of a speech

body

a method of generating ideas by free association of words and thoughts

brainstorming

the means by which a message is communicated

channel

the person who receives the speaker's message

listener

which generation is the most racially and ethnically diverse in U.S. history?

millennials note: examples of commonly used presentation technology include prezi, powerpoint, keynote

according to the 2012 study, more / less people are scared of giving a speech than of dying

more

the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups

name-calling

when beginning a speech about a controversial issue, it is best to start with a ____

noncommittal position note: a speech should be well organized because that speaker's coherence affects the listener's perception of the speech; and unlike reading a text, the audience cannot reread parts to better understand the message

facial expressions and tone of voice are examples of the ____ message

nonverbal message

note: speakers are expected to behave ethically in every speech

note: abusive speech and slurs are never ethical

note: a classroom audience usually expects the speaker to follow standards for taste and decorum, conform to the assignment, and conform to time parameters

note: all speeches are influenced by the frame of reference of audience members

which elements of the speech communication process does the speaker have the most control over?

the message

method of speech organization in which order is based on categories or subtopics rather than the sequence in which events occurred

topical order

a word or phase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

transition

What is the primary problem with Prezi and similar presentation programs?

visual effects distract from the content of the speech note: when using presentation technology, speakers should mark cues in the speaking notes to indicate slide changes; decide exactly when to change slides; rehearse with the mouse or keyboard until their use requires only a glance at the equipment

mental imaging in which speakers vividly picture themselves giving a successful presentation

visualization

how many main points should classroom speeches contain?

2 to 5

with what or whom does the process of communication begin?

a receiver

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

chronological order

the final section of a speech

conclusion

what is the term for the audience's perception of how well a person is qualified to speak on a given topic?

credibility

focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion

critical thinking

audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age; religion; racial, ethnic, and cultural background; gender and sexual orientation; group membership; and the like

demographic audience analysis

a conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic, final statement

dissolve ending

what is the tendency of people to be concerned primarily with their own values, beliefs, and well-being?

egocentrism note: elements that can be written on a visual aid in all capital letters include titles; individual words requiring special emphasis

the best practices of speechmaking have little value if the speaker lack ____

enthusiasm

the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

ethics

believing that one culture is better than another is the definition for ____

ethnocentrism

the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

ethnocentrism

a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes

extemporaneous speech

direct visual contact with the eyes of another person

eye contact

the sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes; no two people can have exactly the same

frame of reference

stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing ir off as one's own

global plagiarism

the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind is called ____

goodwill

presenting someone else's words or ideas as your own is a violation of the ethical value of ____

honesty

a speech early in the term designed to get students speaking in front of the class as soon as possible

ice break speech

____ plagiarism occurs when a speaker plagiarizes only specific elements of the speech

incremental

failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people

incremental plagiarism

anything that impedes the communication of a message; can be external or internal to listeners

interference

the opening section of a speech

introduction

What is the most important reason for limiting main points?

it is hard to adequately develop numerous main points in a short speech

the person who receives information during a speech is known as the ____

listened

note: recommended guidelines for the preparation of a speech introduction be creative and experiment with two or three different openings keep the introduction relatively brief make note of any possible introductory materials you see during research

note: as you start your presentation... establish eye contact with the audience before you begin speaking wait until the audience has quieted down to begin speaking

note: the introduction... can boost the speaker's confidence establishes rapport between the speaker and audience members should make a good first impression to avoid alienating audience members

note: audience adaptation occurs before and during a speech

note: don't start talking immediately when starting your speech

note: if you are unable to capture the attention and interest of your audience during the speech introduction, you risk losing the audience

note: ethical decisions are an important part of public speaking because public speaking is a form of power, and it can be abused

note: the study of the process of public speaking originated in many locations thousands of years ago

note: manipulating statistics in making a speech is a form of dishonesty, which is unethical

note: your first responsibility as a speaker is to question whether your speech goals are ethically sound

stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own

patchwork plagiarism

presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own

plagiarism

controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation

positive nervousness

what a speaker wants the audience to remember after they has forgotten everything else in a speech

residual message

audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occassion

situational audience analysis

method of speech organization in which a directional pattern is followed rather than the sequence in which events occurred

spatial order

the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener

speaker

a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech

specific purpose

anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience

stage fright

creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike

stereotyping

when preparing to begin a speech, positive nervousness refers to ____

taking control of your fear