MILADY Chapter 6 Review

Tree like branching of nerve fibers extending from the nerve cell that receives impulses from other neurons are____; the _____ sends impulses away from the cell body to the other neurons, glands or muscles.

Dendrites Axon

The spongy tissue is composed of microscopic cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one breeding cycle are the _____

Lungs

The ____ is responsible for purifying the body by eliminating waste

...

Give three examples of hormones

1 insulin 2 adrenaline 3 estrogen

A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function are ___ . Each collection has a specific function and can be recognized by its ____ appearance.

1) tissue 2) characteristic

List the primary functions of the lymphatic immune system

A) carries abway impurities from the cells B) protects bodies from disease C) develops immunities D) destroys disease causing microorganisms

A)Metabolism B) Histology C) Nucleus D) Cytoplasm E) Cell membrane

A) chemical process through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities. B) Study of the many tiny structures found in the living tissue; microscopic anatomy. C) Dense active protoplasm, found at the centre of the cell D) Protoplasm of the cell that surrounds the nucleus. E) Balloon that contains the protoplasm, allowing certain substances to pass through.

The study of human body structures you can see with the naked eye and how they are organized is called ______

Anatomy

The categories of blood vessels are:

Arteries arterioles capillaries venules and veins

The arteries located on either side of the neck that are the main sources of blood supply to the head face and neck are the

Corroted arteries

Which of the cranial nerves is the largest? This two of the additional names for this nerve. What is the purpose of this nerves?

Fifth cranial Trifacial, trigeminal Motor nerve of muscles that control chewing

Integument

Natural coveribg

Name the two main types of glands and their functions

Endocrine - ductless glands thyroid pituitary glands release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream Exocrine - duct glands such as sweat and oil glands of the skin produces substance that travels through small tube like ducts

____ tissue is a protective covering on body surfaces

Epithelial

Anabolism and catabolism are not carried out simultaneously.

False

Which direction is pressure applied in the muscle during massage?

From insertion to origin

The _____ muscle of the scalp raises the eyebrows , draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across forehead.

Frontalis

What is referred to as the body's pump?

Heart

The circulatory system or cardio vascular system or vascular system controls steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels. It consists of the:

Heart, arteries,veins and capillaries

Femur

Heavy, long bone; forms the leg below the knee

The study structures that require a microscope to see is called ____ also known as microscopic anatomy.

Histology

Define the muscular system:

Is the system that covers, shapes and holds the skeletal system in place. Contracts and moves various parts of the body.

____ is a chemical process that takes place in living organisms, whereby the cells are nourished and carry out their activities.

Metabolism.

The _____ are bones of the palm of the hand and the phalanges are the bones in the fingers also called _____...

Metacarpus Digits

The impulses that produce movement are transmited by the ___ nerves.

Motor

_____ tissue carry messages to and from the brain and control and coordinate all bodily functions.

Nerve.

Every square inch of human body is supplied with fine fibers known as ______

Nerves

The muscle that draws the scalp backward is the _____

Occipitals

The muscle that forms the ring or the eye socket, closing the eye is the:

Orbicularis oculi

The cells of all living things are composed of a substance called ____ . A colorless, jelly-like substance.

Protoplasm

The smaller bone in the forearm in the same side sd the thumb

Radius

What occurs if conditions are unfavorable for cell growth and reproduction.?

They become impaired and die.

Cells have the ability to reproduce, providing new cells for the growth and replacement of worn injured ones.

True

What conditions are considered unfavorable for cell growth and reproduction?

Toxins and disease/injury.

The inner, large bone of the forearm, which is attached to thw wrist abd located on the side of the smaller finger is the ____

Ulna

Explain how the pulmonary and systemic circulation work.

A) deoxygenated blood flows from body to the right atrium B) from the right atrium it flows through the tricuspid valve the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle to the right ventricle C) right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary arteries which move deoxygenated blood to the lungs when blood reaches lungs they release carbon dioxide and get oxygen d) oxygen rich blood goes back to the heart via pulmonary vein to left atrium E) left atrium through mitral valve the valve between left atrium and left ventricle of the heart into left ventricle F) blood leaves left ventricle to the body

For cells to reproduce, conditions must be favorable which includes:

A) food, oxygen , water B) suitabke temperature C) the ability to get rid of waste

The endocrine system is made up of a group of specialized glands that affect:

A) growth b) development C) sexual functions D) health of whole body

What are hormones?

Secretions such as insulin adrenaline and estrogen that stimulate functional activity or other secretions in the body

What are glands?

Secretory organs that removes /release certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds

There are two types of nerves: _____ which carry impulses or messages from organ to brain or ____ , which carry impulses from the brain to muscles.

Sensory Motor

How does information about different sensations reach the brain?

Sensory receptors close to skin surface send impulses to brain

The motor nerve of the face is the ____ cranial nerve

Seventh

As a cosmetologist, understanding the concept of human anatomy is primarily restricted to:

Skin, muscles,nerves, circulatory system, and bones of head and face ; neck, shoulders, arms, hands, lower, legs and feet.

The skull is divided into two parts _____ and ____ , which is made up of ___ bones.

Cranium, facial skeleton, 14

_____ is the study of functions and activities performed by the body's structures.

Physiology

The purpose of the lymph is to

Clear fluid that circulates in the lymph spaces

How long does the entire food digestion process take

9 hours

The respiratory system enables breathing or _____ and consists ofbthe lungs and air passages

Respiration

The foot is made up of ___ bones, subdivided into three categories:

26 1. Tarsal 2. Metatarsal 3. Phalanges

The cranium is made up of:

8 bones

The Integumentary system is made of the skin and it's various accessory organs such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails

...

The lymphatic system is cloeskt related to the cardio vascular St stem and consists of the lymohmatic and other structures

...

Two systems circulate the blood constantly from the time it leaves the heart until it returns. Pulmonary circulation sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified while systematic circulation carries the blood from the heart through the body and back to the heart.

...

List and define the two stages of metabolism:

1) anabolism- the process of busing larger organisms from smaller ones. The body stores water, food and oxygen for they need it for reproduction, growth or repair. 2) catabolism- breaking down complex compounds and releasing stored energy.

What are five critical functions that blood perform?

1. Carries water blood and food to cells 2.Carries away carbon dioxide and waste products to be eliminated through lungs skin kidneys and large intestines 3. Helps to equalize body temperature protecting body from extreme heat and cold 4. Works with the immune system to protect body from harmful toxins and bacteria 5. Seals leaks found an injured blood vessels by forming clots the preventing further blood loss

1. Parietial 2. Occipital 3. Frontal 4. Temporal 5. Sphenoid

1. For the sides and crown of cranium. 2. Hindmost bone of skull 3. Forms the forehead 4. Form the sides of the head in the ear region 5. Joins all the bones of the cranium together.

1. Nasal 2. Lacrimal 3. Zygomatic 4. Maxilae 5. Mandible

1. Form the bridge of the nose 2. Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall 3. From the prominence of the cheeks 4. Bones of the upper jaw 5. Lower jawbone, largest and strongest of the face.

List the reasons a cosmetologist studies anatomy and physiology.

1. Understanding the body will help you understand hiwbthe body will react to certain treatments. 2. You need to know what is abnormal. 3. Understanding bone and muscle structure of the human body will help you with scam manipulations and facials.

1. Atrium 2. Ventricle 3. Valves

1. Upper thin walled chambers on the right and left 2. Lower thick-walled chambers on the right and left 3. Structures between the chambers that allow the blood to flow in only one direction

The skeletal system is made of ____ bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by movable as immovable joints.

206

What is a reflex and how does it work?

An automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord. And impulses sent along a motor neuron to a muscle causing a reaction

What is thorax?

Chest/ pulmonary trunk. Consists of sternum, ribs, thoratic vertabrae. Cage for heart / lungs.

Name 3 parts of the muscle and define each part:

Belly- middle part of the muscle Insertion - part of the muscle moves and is farthest from skeleton Origin- the part of the muscles that does not move and is closest to skeleton

List of examples of connective tissue:

Bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph and fat

The _____ is the largest and most complex nerve tissue in the body, is contained in the ___ and weighs a little less than ___ pounds on average.

Brain Cranium Three

The digestive system is responsible for

Breaking down foods into nutrients and wastes

Another name for the wrist, a flexible joint composed of a group of eight small, irregular bones, is the ___

Carpus

A ____ also called a nerve cell, is the primary structural unit of the nervous system and is composed of a:

Cell body, nucleus, dendrites and axon.

The basic unit of all living things, from bacteria to plants and animals, including human beings in the ____

Cells

Most cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called ___. This process if cekk reproduction us known as ____.

Daughter / Mtosis

How many types of tissue are there in the body?

Four

The upper most and largest bone in the arm is the

Humerus

Why is it important for a cosmetologist understand how the nervous system works?

It will help you give services in a proficient manner such as a massage or shampoo

____ is the study of anatomy, structure, and functions of the bones. What prefix is uses in medical terms that means bone?

Osteology Os

Pronators

Muscles that turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward

____ tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body.

Muscular

The whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by the connective tissue through which impulses are transmitted are ____ . Where do they have their origin?

Nerves In the brain and spinal cord

The system that is exceptionally well organized and responsible for coordinating all of the many activities that are performed inside and outside of the body is the ____

Nervous system

_____ is the scientific study of the structure function and pathology of the nervous system

Neurology

The portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain expense down to the lower extremity of the trunk and is protected by the spinal column is the ____. how many pairs of spinal nerves extend from it?

Spinal cord 31