Mini-Mock Exam 1 - Lecture 2
When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,
-DAG may be activated. -cyclic AMP production may be increased. -ion channels on the smooth ER could be opened. -IP3 may be activated.
What is the cause of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
An autoimmune disease
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the result of
An insensitivity of cells to insulin
Which of the following will increase as a result of stress on the body?
Blood pressure
How do hormones distinguish a target cells from non-target cells?
By the presence of specific receptor molecules on or in the target cells
All of the following are symptoms of acromegaly EXCEPT
Chronic hypoglycemia
Which of the following is a disease caused by excessive secretion of glucocorticoids, and is characterized by redistribution of body fat to produce characteristic features such as "moon face", fatigue, and edema?
Cushing syndrome
Which disorder is characterized by excess cortisol levels in the blood that results from hypersecretion of ACTH?
Cushing's syndrome
What disorder is characterized by an inability to release sufficient ADH to cause water reabsorption in the kidney?
Diabetes insipidis
When there is a chronically high level of a hormone, the receptors for this hormone are often ______ in response to the high levels of hormone.
Down-regulated
When a hormone activates a second messenger all of the following occur, but which of the following is the last step?
Enzymes are activated or deactivated by the action of protein kinases
Which of the following prepares the body for short-term stress and physical activity?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
During times or prolonged stress, cortisol stimulates all of the following responses EXCEPT
Glucose uptake into muscle cells
______ control occurs when ions or nutrient molecules in the blood stimulate the release of a hormone.
Humoral
Which of the following would result in weak bones that are prone to spontaneous fractures and kidney stones?
Hyperparathyroidism
A patient has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of what condition?
Hyperthyroidism
A patient goes to her doctor, complaining of fatigue, weight gain, intolerance to cold, and neck swelling (a goiter). These are symptoms of what condition?
Hypothyroidism
All of the following are steroid hormones EXCEPT
Insulin
All of the following are true regarding a steroid hormone EXCEPT
It activates a second messenger to cause cellular changes.
Which of the following is the result of hypersecretion of GH during adulthood?
acromegaly.
The initial response to stress is called the _________ and is mediated mainly by _________.
alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine
Glucagon and insulin work_________ to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
antagonistically
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the hormone that stimulates the follicular cells. TSH is produced by the
anterior pituitary
The role of cAMP when it acts as a second messenger is to
bind to and activate protein kinases.
Thyroid hormone is somewhat unique in that it is a
biogenic amine that is lipid-soluble.
The starting material for all steroid hormones is
cholesterol.
Which of the following helps the body cope with long-term stress?
cortisol
Steroid hormones
diffuse easily through the plasma membrane.
Steroid hormones tend to work slower than other categories of hormones because they
directly causes protein synthesis.
Which of the following is the result of hypersecretion of GH during childhood?
gigantism.
Testosterone secretion is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary. This is an example of ______ control.
hormonal
Which of the following could cause pituitary dwarfism?
hyposecretion of GH during childhood
A diet low in iodine can lead to
hypothyroidism
As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine __________ and blood concentrations of cortisol _________.
increase; increase
Type I diabetes is caused by immune attack on pancreatic beta cells. The production of which hormone will be most impacted?
insulin
Which two organs help to take up and degrade old hormones?
liver and kidneys
Steroid hormones
must bind to receptors within the cell either in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
When neurons serve as stimuli for the release of a hormone, this is referred to as ______ control.
neural
T4 and T3 are _________ hormones that are mainly transported bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in the blood.
not steroid
Where are receptors for most water-soluble hormones located?
on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
Hormones with short half-lives
regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration.
Which of the following would result in higher levels of ACTH in the blood?
stress
______ is defined as a situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens one's physical or emotional well-being
stress
When the effects of one hormone reinforce the activity of another hormone on the same target cell, the interaction is said to be
synergistic.
In order to synthesize thyroid hormones, iodine is attached to
the amino acid tyrosine.
Water soluble hormones are sometimes referred to as
the first messenger.
T3 and T4 are stored as part of thyroglobulin in
the follicle lumen
What is the half-life of a hormone?
the time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration in the blood to half of what had been secreted.
Follicular cells produce a glycoprotein called
thyroglobulin
When there is a chronically low level of a hormone, the receptors for this hormone are often ______ in response to make the cells more sensitive to the hormone.
up regulated
Most monoamine hormones are
water-soluble.
Protein hormones are
water-soluble.
