Modernism - Architectural History 214

Modernism

No Historical reference Space positive Minimalism The professional No natural (telluric) Materials Glass Form Follows Function (functionalism)

Burnham plan for Chicago 1909

Notion of the grid is interrupted by radio lines

Ennis Brown House

Frank Lloyd Wright The house is self-desctruct over time, wasn't well researched The material expand differently, some rusted some not, Stures blah blah blah, basically ruined itself Semi-defined courtyards

The Coonley house Riverside illinois

Frank Lloyd Wright Two stories less typical of his work

Frank Lloyd Wright House and Studio

Frank Lloyd Wright Upper piece is triangular, lots of geometrical shapes Can see the arts and craft background Likes the earthy materials Designed all the interior Inspired by Japanese architecture Brought influence of H-O-O-den temple to his organization

Louis Kahn's Modern Ideas

Form was the dictator of his constructions. functions could work around it. For Kahn it was style and form with different functions inside. Rationalist.

Unity Temple

Frank Lloyd Wright

Taliesin West, Scottsdale, Arizona

Frank Lloyd Wright "Nature/Biology/Organisms" -combination of dugout and tent style

Larkin Building

Frank Lloyd Wright Buffalo, NY 1904

Heurtley House

Frank Lloyd Wright Color is used Exaggerated overhang Horizontal lines shows in details Vertical lines are made invisible

Robie House

Frank Lloyd Wright Horizontal lines to the extreme Unbroken horizontal lines Overhang is held up by steel in order to further his point and be functional Bricks are proportioned so they are longer and shorter than other bricks "Breaking out of the box" Program follows that movement It creates outdoor space that is semi defined Designed the interior as well Light features designed by him

Winslow House

Frank Lloyd Wright Japanese influence Accentuate the horizontal line Very pronounced overhang Air of mystery Prairie style Very flat Open up the plan

Barnsdall House/Holly-Hock House Los Angeles

Frank Lloyd Wright Looking for new language Looks at Mayan Architecture Exaggerated cornice pieces Heaviness Hollyhock motifs Courtyards Spaces of the house frames the courtyard Tried to plan with outdoor spaces in mind

Falling Water, Pennsylvania

Frank Lloyd Wright Modernism Site specific and program driven Materials are chosen to express different form stone is vertical and anchored to the ground Programmatically staircases are inside these spaces Stucco Horizontal yellow Compare falling water and something more modern

Millard House

Frank Lloyd Wright Primitive and cave like Industrial like as well weird

Taliesin, Wisconsin

Frank Lloyd Wright Situated on a hill but not the top

Freeman House

Frank Lloyd Wright Textile block houses Decorated motifs, cast the block in them Industrial feel to them

Le Corbusier

Most Famous Architect of the 20th century. Shameless Self promoter. "Architecture is the learned game, correct and magnificent, of forms assembled in the light."

Crystal Palace

Nineteenth-century building by Joseph Paxton. Could be considered an early example of the relationship between new technology and architecture. Burnt Down.

Weissenhofseidlung House

le Corbusier

cite de refuge

le Corbusier workers housing

Millowner's Headquarters Ahmedabad

le corb. Parking lot to ramp Understand how environment works Shows his learning curve and builds this using convection. Taking advantage of the river and garden Natural air con Added plants to add more cooling effects

Bauhaus Building

lots of light, big windows and honesty in design

Louis Kahn

"A house is a house." from Estonia Rationalist

H.H. Richardson

1838-1886 Went to Paris to study architecture Brought back influences of the classical era and created his own style Richardson romance, heavy masses, A little venetian renaissance as well

Hermann Muthesius

1861-1927 "If you make better products, you will beat britain." German Architect modernism

Frank Lloyed Wright 1867-1959

1867-1959

Carpenter Center

A: Le Corbusier D: 1963 L: Cambridge, MA Enter building in either one of the ramp,

Wainwright Building

Adler & Sullivan, St. Louis, 1890 Reference to renaissance, colossal order, tripartized structure Lightsheft, inside Made with a steel frame covered with terracotta and brick, for fire-proofing Vertical being pulled forward in plane, horizontal pulled back Ornament, each level is different design Known for saying Forms follow function Beauty has a function Uplifting, beautiful creates happiness Function has many dimensions

Merchant's National Bank

Adler and Sullivan Ornamented piece on top of the doorway, designed by Sullivan An exuberant celebration of nature, flowers, branches

Guaranty Trust Building

Adler and sullivan Ornamentation blendes into the eaves

Muller House Vienna 1930

Adolf Loos Knew the presence of the grid but used his own lines and bearing walls as guides.

Transportation Building

Alder and Louis Sullivan Celebration of color, structure, doorway Broke away from the style of Burnham and "europeaness" Ho-o-den Temple

Reliance Building

Burnham and Root Steel framed and glass window Very light Still standing Lots of ornamentation White Terracotta, stands longer in fire Never would pass code today Ribbon window

1893, The World's Columbian Exposition

Burnhan planned the exposition Celebration of classical architecture Devil in the white city (book)

Japanese garden plans

Change materials to guide you through the path, smooth to look up, harsh to look down. Organized choreography through the space.

church at Firminy

Charlotte Perriand, female architects Powerful role in furniture design

The Rookery Chicago, Illinois 1886-1888

Daniel Burnham & Root Center for political corruption Intricate ornament, have more glass, thinner structure, moving towards more modern like, See some leaves element Inside atrium light filled lobby, Unexpected from the harsh strong exterior remodeled by Frank Lloyd Wright 1905 Light filled void surrounded by heavier block, a typology of urban feature

William Le Baron Jenney

Designed the first skyscraper with a steel frame

Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building

Emphasize verticality Vertical windows on the corner uncharacteristic of the rest Rounded portion, articulate differently than the rest of the facade, Steel structural grid, GRIDDDDDD Overall structure follows the tripartized structure Commercial at the bottom Top floor, set backed Chicago Window Middle pane in the rectangle that is fixes, flanked by two operable windows Detail over the front door designed by sullivan again Ornamentation happens of the inside edge of the window, ornamented frame Form: -Medium: iron, steel, glass, and terra cotta -Horizontal emphasis -Decorative elements Content: -Maximum window areas to admit light -Terracotta tiles to decorate exterior -Heavy cornice at top of building (historical touches) -Elevator and glass (modernistic) -Grand entrance Function: -Horizontal emphasis symbolizes continuous flow of floor space -Expressing democracy and capitalism -Shopping Context: -influence of Art Nouveau in decorative touches "form follows function" -Louis Sullivan, 1899-1903 CE

Henry Hobson Richardson Marshall Field warehouse

Facade change in scale, as you go up, it become more compressed and tighter Reference to renaissance palazzo The pieces in between, he played with the planes in between so the read of depth is different Heavy presence in the city Towards a more heavier building, compared to other architects by the time

Walter Gropius

German architect who is the father of Modernism and the Bauhaus

Crane Memorial Library, Quincy, MA

HH richardson Both facade and the interior are not transparent See how the language of program within shows up on the facade A hallmark of transitional modernism

Austin Hall Harvard

Henry Hobson (HH) Richardson

Trinity Church

Henry Hobson (HH) Richardson Influenced by Salamanca Spain Use of arches Mosaic feel interior Romanesque exterior, Alternate colors

Albany City Hall

Henry Hobson (HH) Richardson Rustication Layering

Bruce Building, Canal Street

James Bogardus Manufactured frames off site to expedite building creation

Daniel Badger Facade

James Bogardus Steam powered elevator, sign of skyscraper

Espirit Nouveau Pavilion

Le Corb.

Villa Garches (Stein)

Le Corb.

Sarabhai House New Delhi

Le Corb. Also use thermal mass, with clay tile attached to the roof Stone on the floor, cool floor Interior courtyard In the middle of the park in the middle of the city but it is so hidden with greenery Orientation is important, near a garden.

Notre Dame De Haute

Le Corb. Change in his life, more sculptural and monumental forms. Hollow walls, steel frame stucco but looks like concrete

Villa Savoye

Le Corb. Form: Follow 5 Modernism Steps -Domino House: concrete slabs -Ramp, is the processional, very important in modernism. -Reinforced concrete -Open floor plan -Natural lighting -Simplistic white Content: -Garage (green) that is very big and can fit limo cars in it for their chauffeurs -Slender columns -Non-load bearing walls -Horizontal windows -Roof garden -Spiral staircase or ramps to go up -Ribbon fenestration (windows wrap around house) Function: -Weekend home for the Savoye Family Context: -artist: Le Corbusier (architect) -Poissy-sur-Seine, France -Designed the furniture too

The Paritiom of India Chandigarh Capital

Le Corb. Utopian city Some one teaching tropical art, Convective cooling, running from the mountains to the hot plains below. The heat then rises and continues back to the cool mountains. Organized map of the city

Catedral de Firminy

Le Corb. Charlotte Perriand, female architects Powerful role in furniture design

Venice Hospital Project

Le Corb. Create typology of the room, different pattern for different room

Justice Palace

Le Corb. Effortless to get allows for circulation and airflow

Citroen House

Le Corb. Worked in color theory Red being a hot color, coming towards you Blue being cool and going away

Shodan House

Le Corb. Parasol Roof - double roof for cooling, heat goes into thermal mass People abandoned the house to sleep on the roof Saving money with cooling

Five points of Modernism

Le Corb: Grid Free plan Free elevation off the ground garden roof

Casa Curutchet

Le Corbusier

Maisons Jaoul

Le Corbusier Tile in the concreteerial, to feel Use of material (Structure and Materials)

Plan Voisin

Le Corbusier, 1925

Mies van der Rohe

Less is more

American Federation of Labor building

Louis Kahn

Esherick House

Louis Kahn

Korman House

Louis Kahn

The church at Rochester

Louis Kahn

Bryn Mawr Dormitory

Louis Kahn Interlocking Geometries Monumental looking inside. Inside, monumentality quiet dignity and permanence. Profound and historical.

Kimbell Art Museum

Louis Kahn Typological Form first, function second Asymetrical Light Barrel Vault/circle Repetition of order

Yale Art Gallery

Louis Kahn uses brick which is very earthy and unmodernist. Silence and light, Monumentality, dignity and integrity. Steel Dematerialised Lots of Windows Flat roof Anne Tyng geometric influence on interior Brutalist influence Tired of the fragility of modernism.Dhaka Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban

Trenton Community center

Louis Kahn Served and Servant Spaces Utilitarian. Main Spaces Uplift.

Phillips Exeter Academy Library

Louis Kahn based on cubic square rational wood and stone glass and light

The Hurva Synagogue

Louis Kahn, Never built. Pyramid Inverted Pointed Arches Egyptian temple like the Pylon gates

Richard Medical Laboratories

Louis Kahn, Philadelphia Made him Famous Clear spaces brick and concrete - Telluric against modernism.

Auditorium Building 1889

Louis Sullivan Largest hotel? Reference to renaissance palazzo Colossal order, add depth to the wall Hotel, office spaces, theater, mixed use building Revailing section Shows all the program, hotel, office, theatre, tower Masonry exterior Iron and steel used too

Glass Skyscraper Project

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 1922

Barcelona Pavilion

Mies Van der Rohe, Modern, Barcelona, Spain

Aeg Behrens

Peter Behrens. Typology similar to the farm barn/house form. Modernists wanted to be honest to the consumer, showing all the ways a building was built etc. hinge frames. Early, softer modernism.

Monol Phase

Post WW2 Government asked him to prototype community housing project. To rebuild after the wreckage Mechanical is in the middle, spacing equally through the building Rough concrete "Beton Brut" became the brutalist style

Monadnock Versus Rookery Versus Reliance

South - Holabird and Roche 1893 - Steel frame - North - Burnham and Root 1891 - Masonry, no steel frame at all - Building is like a column with a flared base - Fillet top corner, work of art, 'sculptural' - As the building goes up, the wall thickness decreases VS Glass proportion to the building is increasing - Frank Lloyd Wright re model 1905, Lobby of Rookery - Unexpected interior atrium filled with glass ceiling for light to fill in space where volume itself is very massive and thick VS Reliance Building Burnham and root. - More terracotta for fireproofing - First building with Large Glass Plates - Foreshadowing skyscrapers built in 20th cen

Monadnock Building

South side designed by Holabird and Roche North side designed by Daniel Burnham South side, Glass is relatively expansive, steel framed North side, is masonry Column shoots up, depth of the wall, gets thinner, can see from the glass The top looks cut off Flares out on the bottom almost like the building is a column Bottom plan is lower floor Top plan is upper floor

Mill Creek public housing

Storonov and Louis Kahn

Louis Sullivan 1856-1924

Study in MIT Worked for Jenney Partnered with an architect, Adler

Louis Kahn's: Essential Ideas

The room The light Timelessness Institutions Rationalism

Bauhaus School (Dessau)

Under Gropius, German, School of architecture that brought together modern architecture - glass and steel. The beginning of the "studio" format

Auguste Perret (1874-1954)

Used and created reinforced concrete as a malleable substance. Rue Franklin Apartments Notre Dam (Something) Inspired L.C.

Fagus Factory, Germany

Walter Gropius (Modernism-Bauhaus) No intention to soften the experience for the workers like in the Aeg Behrens.

Brooklyn Bridge (1883)

William Le Baron Jenney Coiled steel cables created stronger frames

New york life insurance building

William Le Baron Jenney Colossal order, tripartized structure Horizontal datum Colossal order stretching all the way up 7 floors? Colossal order is used to reference history and tied the building together vertically

Home Insurance building 1885

William Le Baron Jenney Made the first skyscraper? Elevator was invented by the time, and allows the height of buildings to go up Promote Fire proofing after Chicago Fires

Leiter Building

William Le Baron Jenney Pioneer for fire proofing Take steel structure and wrapped in fire-proofing materials, Tile arch that goes between the steal beams as well as steel decking to fire proof

Siegal Cooper and Co. - 2nd Leiter Building

William Le Baron Jenney Same quotation back to the renaissance, colossal order used here as well

Sturgis

frank lloyed wright

Dhaka Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban

lousy Bangladesh, hired him. Parallel to Corbusier, did a capital. Lower left, a Mosque, pointing to Mecca. Originally the client wanted it to be marble, Bangladesh is one of the poorest country, so they put strips in to indicate material on the facade, to be more luxurious. Made the hallways large because he knew that that is where they did the deals. People would pigeon hole each other to do business outside their offices.