Modernism - Architectural History 214
Modernism
No Historical reference Space positive Minimalism The professional No natural (telluric) Materials Glass Form Follows Function (functionalism)
Burnham plan for Chicago 1909
Notion of the grid is interrupted by radio lines
Ennis Brown House
Frank Lloyd Wright The house is self-desctruct over time, wasn't well researched The material expand differently, some rusted some not, Stures blah blah blah, basically ruined itself Semi-defined courtyards
The Coonley house Riverside illinois
Frank Lloyd Wright Two stories less typical of his work
Frank Lloyd Wright House and Studio
Frank Lloyd Wright Upper piece is triangular, lots of geometrical shapes Can see the arts and craft background Likes the earthy materials Designed all the interior Inspired by Japanese architecture Brought influence of H-O-O-den temple to his organization
Louis Kahn's Modern Ideas
Form was the dictator of his constructions. functions could work around it. For Kahn it was style and form with different functions inside. Rationalist.
Unity Temple
Frank Lloyd Wright
Taliesin West, Scottsdale, Arizona
Frank Lloyd Wright "Nature/Biology/Organisms" -combination of dugout and tent style
Larkin Building
Frank Lloyd Wright Buffalo, NY 1904
Heurtley House
Frank Lloyd Wright Color is used Exaggerated overhang Horizontal lines shows in details Vertical lines are made invisible
Robie House
Frank Lloyd Wright Horizontal lines to the extreme Unbroken horizontal lines Overhang is held up by steel in order to further his point and be functional Bricks are proportioned so they are longer and shorter than other bricks "Breaking out of the box" Program follows that movement It creates outdoor space that is semi defined Designed the interior as well Light features designed by him
Winslow House
Frank Lloyd Wright Japanese influence Accentuate the horizontal line Very pronounced overhang Air of mystery Prairie style Very flat Open up the plan
Barnsdall House/Holly-Hock House Los Angeles
Frank Lloyd Wright Looking for new language Looks at Mayan Architecture Exaggerated cornice pieces Heaviness Hollyhock motifs Courtyards Spaces of the house frames the courtyard Tried to plan with outdoor spaces in mind
Falling Water, Pennsylvania
Frank Lloyd Wright Modernism Site specific and program driven Materials are chosen to express different form stone is vertical and anchored to the ground Programmatically staircases are inside these spaces Stucco Horizontal yellow Compare falling water and something more modern
Millard House
Frank Lloyd Wright Primitive and cave like Industrial like as well weird
Taliesin, Wisconsin
Frank Lloyd Wright Situated on a hill but not the top
Freeman House
Frank Lloyd Wright Textile block houses Decorated motifs, cast the block in them Industrial feel to them
Le Corbusier
Most Famous Architect of the 20th century. Shameless Self promoter. "Architecture is the learned game, correct and magnificent, of forms assembled in the light."
Crystal Palace
Nineteenth-century building by Joseph Paxton. Could be considered an early example of the relationship between new technology and architecture. Burnt Down.
Weissenhofseidlung House
le Corbusier
cite de refuge
le Corbusier workers housing
Millowner's Headquarters Ahmedabad
le corb. Parking lot to ramp Understand how environment works Shows his learning curve and builds this using convection. Taking advantage of the river and garden Natural air con Added plants to add more cooling effects
Bauhaus Building
lots of light, big windows and honesty in design
Louis Kahn
"A house is a house." from Estonia Rationalist
H.H. Richardson
1838-1886 Went to Paris to study architecture Brought back influences of the classical era and created his own style Richardson romance, heavy masses, A little venetian renaissance as well
Hermann Muthesius
1861-1927 "If you make better products, you will beat britain." German Architect modernism
Frank Lloyed Wright 1867-1959
1867-1959
Carpenter Center
A: Le Corbusier D: 1963 L: Cambridge, MA Enter building in either one of the ramp,
Wainwright Building
Adler & Sullivan, St. Louis, 1890 Reference to renaissance, colossal order, tripartized structure Lightsheft, inside Made with a steel frame covered with terracotta and brick, for fire-proofing Vertical being pulled forward in plane, horizontal pulled back Ornament, each level is different design Known for saying Forms follow function Beauty has a function Uplifting, beautiful creates happiness Function has many dimensions
Merchant's National Bank
Adler and Sullivan Ornamented piece on top of the doorway, designed by Sullivan An exuberant celebration of nature, flowers, branches
Guaranty Trust Building
Adler and sullivan Ornamentation blendes into the eaves
Muller House Vienna 1930
Adolf Loos Knew the presence of the grid but used his own lines and bearing walls as guides.
Transportation Building
Alder and Louis Sullivan Celebration of color, structure, doorway Broke away from the style of Burnham and "europeaness" Ho-o-den Temple
Reliance Building
Burnham and Root Steel framed and glass window Very light Still standing Lots of ornamentation White Terracotta, stands longer in fire Never would pass code today Ribbon window
1893, The World's Columbian Exposition
Burnhan planned the exposition Celebration of classical architecture Devil in the white city (book)
Japanese garden plans
Change materials to guide you through the path, smooth to look up, harsh to look down. Organized choreography through the space.
church at Firminy
Charlotte Perriand, female architects Powerful role in furniture design
The Rookery Chicago, Illinois 1886-1888
Daniel Burnham & Root Center for political corruption Intricate ornament, have more glass, thinner structure, moving towards more modern like, See some leaves element Inside atrium light filled lobby, Unexpected from the harsh strong exterior remodeled by Frank Lloyd Wright 1905 Light filled void surrounded by heavier block, a typology of urban feature
William Le Baron Jenney
Designed the first skyscraper with a steel frame
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building
Emphasize verticality Vertical windows on the corner uncharacteristic of the rest Rounded portion, articulate differently than the rest of the facade, Steel structural grid, GRIDDDDDD Overall structure follows the tripartized structure Commercial at the bottom Top floor, set backed Chicago Window Middle pane in the rectangle that is fixes, flanked by two operable windows Detail over the front door designed by sullivan again Ornamentation happens of the inside edge of the window, ornamented frame Form: -Medium: iron, steel, glass, and terra cotta -Horizontal emphasis -Decorative elements Content: -Maximum window areas to admit light -Terracotta tiles to decorate exterior -Heavy cornice at top of building (historical touches) -Elevator and glass (modernistic) -Grand entrance Function: -Horizontal emphasis symbolizes continuous flow of floor space -Expressing democracy and capitalism -Shopping Context: -influence of Art Nouveau in decorative touches "form follows function" -Louis Sullivan, 1899-1903 CE
Henry Hobson Richardson Marshall Field warehouse
Facade change in scale, as you go up, it become more compressed and tighter Reference to renaissance palazzo The pieces in between, he played with the planes in between so the read of depth is different Heavy presence in the city Towards a more heavier building, compared to other architects by the time
Walter Gropius
German architect who is the father of Modernism and the Bauhaus
Crane Memorial Library, Quincy, MA
HH richardson Both facade and the interior are not transparent See how the language of program within shows up on the facade A hallmark of transitional modernism
Austin Hall Harvard
Henry Hobson (HH) Richardson
Trinity Church
Henry Hobson (HH) Richardson Influenced by Salamanca Spain Use of arches Mosaic feel interior Romanesque exterior, Alternate colors
Albany City Hall
Henry Hobson (HH) Richardson Rustication Layering
Bruce Building, Canal Street
James Bogardus Manufactured frames off site to expedite building creation
Daniel Badger Facade
James Bogardus Steam powered elevator, sign of skyscraper
Espirit Nouveau Pavilion
Le Corb.
Villa Garches (Stein)
Le Corb.
Sarabhai House New Delhi
Le Corb. Also use thermal mass, with clay tile attached to the roof Stone on the floor, cool floor Interior courtyard In the middle of the park in the middle of the city but it is so hidden with greenery Orientation is important, near a garden.
Notre Dame De Haute
Le Corb. Change in his life, more sculptural and monumental forms. Hollow walls, steel frame stucco but looks like concrete
Villa Savoye
Le Corb. Form: Follow 5 Modernism Steps -Domino House: concrete slabs -Ramp, is the processional, very important in modernism. -Reinforced concrete -Open floor plan -Natural lighting -Simplistic white Content: -Garage (green) that is very big and can fit limo cars in it for their chauffeurs -Slender columns -Non-load bearing walls -Horizontal windows -Roof garden -Spiral staircase or ramps to go up -Ribbon fenestration (windows wrap around house) Function: -Weekend home for the Savoye Family Context: -artist: Le Corbusier (architect) -Poissy-sur-Seine, France -Designed the furniture too
The Paritiom of India Chandigarh Capital
Le Corb. Utopian city Some one teaching tropical art, Convective cooling, running from the mountains to the hot plains below. The heat then rises and continues back to the cool mountains. Organized map of the city
Catedral de Firminy
Le Corb. Charlotte Perriand, female architects Powerful role in furniture design
Venice Hospital Project
Le Corb. Create typology of the room, different pattern for different room
Justice Palace
Le Corb. Effortless to get allows for circulation and airflow
Citroen House
Le Corb. Worked in color theory Red being a hot color, coming towards you Blue being cool and going away
Shodan House
Le Corb. Parasol Roof - double roof for cooling, heat goes into thermal mass People abandoned the house to sleep on the roof Saving money with cooling
Five points of Modernism
Le Corb: Grid Free plan Free elevation off the ground garden roof
Casa Curutchet
Le Corbusier
Maisons Jaoul
Le Corbusier Tile in the concreteerial, to feel Use of material (Structure and Materials)
Plan Voisin
Le Corbusier, 1925
Mies van der Rohe
Less is more
American Federation of Labor building
Louis Kahn
Esherick House
Louis Kahn
Korman House
Louis Kahn
The church at Rochester
Louis Kahn
Bryn Mawr Dormitory
Louis Kahn Interlocking Geometries Monumental looking inside. Inside, monumentality quiet dignity and permanence. Profound and historical.
Kimbell Art Museum
Louis Kahn Typological Form first, function second Asymetrical Light Barrel Vault/circle Repetition of order
Yale Art Gallery
Louis Kahn uses brick which is very earthy and unmodernist. Silence and light, Monumentality, dignity and integrity. Steel Dematerialised Lots of Windows Flat roof Anne Tyng geometric influence on interior Brutalist influence Tired of the fragility of modernism.Dhaka Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban
Trenton Community center
Louis Kahn Served and Servant Spaces Utilitarian. Main Spaces Uplift.
Phillips Exeter Academy Library
Louis Kahn based on cubic square rational wood and stone glass and light
The Hurva Synagogue
Louis Kahn, Never built. Pyramid Inverted Pointed Arches Egyptian temple like the Pylon gates
Richard Medical Laboratories
Louis Kahn, Philadelphia Made him Famous Clear spaces brick and concrete - Telluric against modernism.
Auditorium Building 1889
Louis Sullivan Largest hotel? Reference to renaissance palazzo Colossal order, add depth to the wall Hotel, office spaces, theater, mixed use building Revailing section Shows all the program, hotel, office, theatre, tower Masonry exterior Iron and steel used too
Glass Skyscraper Project
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 1922
Barcelona Pavilion
Mies Van der Rohe, Modern, Barcelona, Spain
Aeg Behrens
Peter Behrens. Typology similar to the farm barn/house form. Modernists wanted to be honest to the consumer, showing all the ways a building was built etc. hinge frames. Early, softer modernism.
Monol Phase
Post WW2 Government asked him to prototype community housing project. To rebuild after the wreckage Mechanical is in the middle, spacing equally through the building Rough concrete "Beton Brut" became the brutalist style
Monadnock Versus Rookery Versus Reliance
South - Holabird and Roche 1893 - Steel frame - North - Burnham and Root 1891 - Masonry, no steel frame at all - Building is like a column with a flared base - Fillet top corner, work of art, 'sculptural' - As the building goes up, the wall thickness decreases VS Glass proportion to the building is increasing - Frank Lloyd Wright re model 1905, Lobby of Rookery - Unexpected interior atrium filled with glass ceiling for light to fill in space where volume itself is very massive and thick VS Reliance Building Burnham and root. - More terracotta for fireproofing - First building with Large Glass Plates - Foreshadowing skyscrapers built in 20th cen
Monadnock Building
South side designed by Holabird and Roche North side designed by Daniel Burnham South side, Glass is relatively expansive, steel framed North side, is masonry Column shoots up, depth of the wall, gets thinner, can see from the glass The top looks cut off Flares out on the bottom almost like the building is a column Bottom plan is lower floor Top plan is upper floor
Mill Creek public housing
Storonov and Louis Kahn
Louis Sullivan 1856-1924
Study in MIT Worked for Jenney Partnered with an architect, Adler
Louis Kahn's: Essential Ideas
The room The light Timelessness Institutions Rationalism
Bauhaus School (Dessau)
Under Gropius, German, School of architecture that brought together modern architecture - glass and steel. The beginning of the "studio" format
Auguste Perret (1874-1954)
Used and created reinforced concrete as a malleable substance. Rue Franklin Apartments Notre Dam (Something) Inspired L.C.
Fagus Factory, Germany
Walter Gropius (Modernism-Bauhaus) No intention to soften the experience for the workers like in the Aeg Behrens.
Brooklyn Bridge (1883)
William Le Baron Jenney Coiled steel cables created stronger frames
New york life insurance building
William Le Baron Jenney Colossal order, tripartized structure Horizontal datum Colossal order stretching all the way up 7 floors? Colossal order is used to reference history and tied the building together vertically
Home Insurance building 1885
William Le Baron Jenney Made the first skyscraper? Elevator was invented by the time, and allows the height of buildings to go up Promote Fire proofing after Chicago Fires
Leiter Building
William Le Baron Jenney Pioneer for fire proofing Take steel structure and wrapped in fire-proofing materials, Tile arch that goes between the steal beams as well as steel decking to fire proof
Siegal Cooper and Co. - 2nd Leiter Building
William Le Baron Jenney Same quotation back to the renaissance, colossal order used here as well
Sturgis
frank lloyed wright
Dhaka Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban
lousy Bangladesh, hired him. Parallel to Corbusier, did a capital. Lower left, a Mosque, pointing to Mecca. Originally the client wanted it to be marble, Bangladesh is one of the poorest country, so they put strips in to indicate material on the facade, to be more luxurious. Made the hallways large because he knew that that is where they did the deals. People would pigeon hole each other to do business outside their offices.
