Module 10 HSC 4502 Unit 4 Exam

____ grids, composed of a grid of fine lines, can detect distorted, incomplete, or wavy images in the central vision field.

Amsler

A type of conjunctivitis called inclusion conjunctivitis is usually transmitted during childbirth when a mother has a _____ infection.

Chlamydia

Color vision is made possible by photoreceptors in the retina called _______.

Cones

Most cases of astigmatism can be treated with _____.

Corrective eyeglasses or contacts

A wide pupil is said to be _____.

Dilated, and permits more light to enter the eye

In hyperopia, _____.

Distant vision remains good, but the eye cannot form focused images of close objects

Vitamin supplementation may help slow _____, but should only be done under a doctor's supervision.

Dry macular degeneration

_____ is an inflammation of the brain, most often caused by a viral infection.

Encephalitis

T/F A contusion results from a blow to the head or sudden shaking or movement.

False

T/F A thick fluid called the aqueous humor fills the eyeball posterior to the lens and helps maintain the eyeball shape.

False

T/F As a child born with cerebral palsy gets older, the disorder continues to progress with increasing muscle rigidity

False

T/F Bacterial meningitis occurs more commonly than viral meningitis.

False

T/F Light entering the eye first passes through the lens.

False

T/F Myopia is treated with convex lenses and hyperopia is treated with concave lenses

False

T/F Otitis media, or "swimmer's ear," is an infection of the auditory canal

False

T/F Retinal detachment is an emergency condition in which the retina pulls away from the front of the eyeball.

False

T/F The peripheral nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord

False

T/F The somatic nervous system includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 24 pairs of spinal nerves

False

Risks for _____ can be reduced by controlling blood sugar and hypertension and by getting regular eye exams.

Glaucoma

To prevent _____, foreign objects should not be inserted into the ear canal, and earphones and earplugs should be cleaned regularly.

Otitis Externa

Breastfeeding infants until 6 months of age has been shown to reduce the incidence of _____.

Otitis media

The main treatment for _____ is levodopa (L-dopa)

Parkinson's disease

Treatment for _____ may include hearing aids if the auditory nerve and cochlea remain functional.

Presbycusis

Retinoblastoma is a rare, _____ tumor of the retina.

Recessively inherited childhood

Most people with impaired color vision cannot distinguish shades of _____.

Red and green

Macular degeneration affects the central part of the _____.

Retina

The inner and posterior layer of the eyeball is the _____, which contains light-sensitive nerve endings.

Retina

The _____ is a fibrous connective tissue that lends shape and support to the eyeball and is the visible white of the eye.

Sclera

Diagnosis for many eye diseases and disorders uses a dilated eye exam and _____ eye chart.

Snellen

The etiology of a stye is an infection with _____.

Staphylococcus bacteria

Which of the following is NOT used to diagnose epilepsy? - TIA - MRI - CT - EEG

TIA

Age-associated cataracts occur in both eyes, whereas congenital cataracts may occur in one eye.

True

One of the risk factors for botulism includes eating honey.

True

T/F Age is the main risk factor for otitis media.

True

T/F Animal and human vaccinations has made rabies rare in the United States

True

T/F Because a stroke is a vascular disease, stroke and heart disease share many risk factors

True

T/F Falls are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury.

True

T/F Fluid accumulation in the inner ear is responsible for the signs and symptoms of Meniere's disease.

True

T/F In myopia, the eyeball grows too long and distant images focus short of the retina

True

T/F Infant vaccination has greatly reduced the occurrence of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae tybe b (Hib).

True

T/F Medications to counteract blood-thinning medications may be given for hemorrhagic stroke patients

True

T/F Of the two, wet macular degeneration is the more destructive.

True

T/F Only an autopsy can confirm Alzheimer's disease

True

T/F Pachymetry, which measures the thickness of the cornea, prevents the misdiagnosis of glaucoma.

True

T/F Presbyopia is caused by age-related reduction in lens flexibility True

True

T/F Severe traumatic brain injury occurs in two forms: closed injuries and open injuries

True

T/F Shingles can be prevented in children with the chickenpox vaccine.

True

T/F The signs and symptoms of glaucoma are not noticed until vision loss occurs.

True

T/F The tetanus bacteria live in animal and human intestines

True

T/F Tonometry measures eyeball pressure used to detect glaucoma

True

T/F Viral conjunctivitis cannot be treated

True

T/F While most brain tumors are benign, both benign and malignant tumors are serious because they can impair vitally important areas

True

Cerumen keeps the _____ soft and flexible.

Tympanic membrane

If the swelling of otitis media becomes severe, it may perforate the _____.

Tympanic membrane

The _____ provides oxygen and nutrients to the innermost layer of the eyeball.

Uvea

There are two forms of macular degeneration: _____.

Atrophic and exudative

Infants who use _____ during flu and chickenpox infections are at risk for Reye syndrome

aspirin

A cornea with surface irregularities, such as asymmetry or uneven thickness, causes _____.

astigmatism

Multiple sclerosis is an _____ disease

autoimmune

Because Huntington's disease is an _____ disorder, having a parent with HD gives each child a 50% chance of inheriting HD.

autosomal dominant

The signs and symptoms of _____ in infants usually begins with constipation

botulism

Myopia is a condition in which the eye _____.

can focus on close objects but cannot focus on distant objects

A _____ is a clouding of the lens.

cataract

Following entry into human tissue, the rabies virus moves to the _____ nervous system

central

Ischemic strokes are treated with _____ drugs.

clot-busting

Prevention of _____ requires an annual eye exam and treatment of diabetes and hypertension.

diabetic retinopathy

The cause of Parkinson's disease is related to reduced levels of the neurotransmitters _____.

dopamine and norepinephrine

_____ may be focal, affecting one part of the brain, or generalized, affecting many areas of the brain

epilepsy

_____ is a disorder characterized by shaking of the hands and head, especially during voluntary movements.

essential tremor

Trigeminal neuralgia is severe chronic pain resulting from dysfunction of the _____ cranial nerve

fifth

The _____ lobe controls voluntary muscle actions and the muscles of speech

frontal

If a person is unimmunized against tetanus, _____ injections are necessary to neutralize the toxin.

immunoglobulin

Bell's palsy is a paralysis of facial muscles caused by _____ of the facial nerve.

inflammation

One type of neuron is the _____, which carries nervous impulses between neurons.

interneuron

One of the signs of _____ in infants includes bulging fontanels, irritability, and poor reflexes

meningitis

_____ is the typical onset for ALS, MS, Huntington's, and some cases of Parkinson's

middle age

One type of neuron is the _____, which conveys messages from the CNS to muscles

motor neuron

The tetanus toxin binds to _____, stimulates them, and causes muscles to be continually stimulated to contract

motor neuron

An _____ permits visualization of the auditory canal and the condition of the tympanic membrane.

otoscope

The risk for traumatic brain injury from falls is greatest for those _____.

over age 65 and under age 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the three subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? A) enteric B) paraenteric C) parasympathetic D) sympathetic

paraenteric

The _____ lobes interpret the meaning of incoming sensory signals that arrives from the opposite side of the body.

parietal

Signs and symptoms of _____ include the sudden appearance of floaters in the affected eye.

retinal detachment

One type of neuron is the _____, which detects environmental stimuli and transmits messages to the brain or spinal cord.

sensory neuron

The _____ vibrates against an opening in the cochlea, a snail-shaped organ within the inner ear

stapes

The signs and symptoms of _____ arise suddenly and include numbness, loss of vision, muscle weakness on one side of the face or body, confusion, and difficulty walking, speaking, and understanding

stroke

The _____ space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

subarachnoid

The _____ lobes are responsible for the senses and the ability to understand spoken language

temporal

Ringing in the ears is known as _____.

tinnitus

The middle ear begins at the _____ membrane (eardrum)

tympanic

The cause of ALS is _____.

unknown

_____ pairs of spinal nerves originate in the spinal cord, carrying bundles of sensory and motor neurons throughout the body

31

Macular degeneration usually occurs after age _____.

50