Module 7: Revolution and Nationbuilding: 1750 - 1900 C.E.

The first European power to abolish the slave trade was - Portugal. - France. - Spain. - Britain.

- Britain.

When comparing the roles of urban and rural women in the middle ages with those in the industrial age, which of the following is the most accurate description? - Rural women maintained the same roles while urban women became increasingly independent entrepreneurs. - Rural women gained more authority as men left for cities while urban women lost their autonomy and became completely dependent on men. - Rural women maintained their same roles while urban women continued with a diversity of roles, but there was less opportunity for independent initiative. - Rural women began to form cooperatives to market agricultural goods while urban women increasingly depended on industrial work as the foundation of their economic well-being.

- Rural women maintained their same roles while urban women continued with a diversity of roles, but there was less opportunity for independent initiative.

Germany began "the Second Reich" once they became unified. What does "Second Reich" mean? - There was a large threat to split up Germany once again. - There was still more nation-states to be annexed. - Germany was in an economic depression after the Franco-Prussian War. - The German people felt that they had created a new empire.

- The German people felt that they had created a new empire.

The American women's rights movement began... - after the Civil War, when women saw how freed slaves benefited from the vote. - at the Constitutional Convention. - concurrent with the antislavery movement. - not until the twentieth century.

- concurrent with the antislavery movement.

Which philosopher is considered to be the "Father of Capitalism"? - Adam Smith - John Malthus - Thomas Hobbes - Isaac Newton

Adam Smith

Which revolution started the Age of Revolutions? - Mexican Revolution - American Revolution - Haitian Revolution - French Revolution

American Revolution

What effect did industrialization have on gender roles? - Women moved into jobs such as teaching that had been relegated to men. - Very few jobs were available for women, so most women retired to housekeeping. - Men could make higher wages than women, so most women looked for jobs as domestic servants. - Both men and women found valuable societal roles in separate spheres.

Both men and women found valuable societal roles in separate spheres.

San Martin freed all of the following countries EXCEPT... - Peru - Brazil - Chile - Argentina

Brazil

Which French organization instilled fear among the commoners during the Reign of Terror? - Committee of Public Safety - Directory - National Assembly - Convention

Committee of Public Safety

All of the following are political ideologies that appeared during the 1800s EXCEPT... - liberalism - conservatism - Confucianism - communism

Confucianism

What event caused nationalism to have a strong influence on Italy and Germany? - Opium Wars - French Revolution - Scramble for Africa - Congress of Vienna

Congress of Vienna

Industrialization led to global changes in population. What was an example of demographic transition? - Declining mortality rates made for a healthier population. - Declining birth rates contributed to a slowing in the population increase. - Global migrations occurred as workers moved to new countries. - People moved from rural regions into urban regions.

Declining birth rates contributed to a slowing in the population increase.

In what nation did the government give significant support to industry in the late nineteenth century? - Germany - Britain - Canada - France

Germany

Which revolution is known as the "slave rebellion"? - Mexican Revolution - American Revolution - Brazilian Revolution - Haitian Revolution

Haitian Revolution

What was Voltaire's opinion of organized religion? - He was a deist who detested and mocked Rome and the reformers. - He was doctrinally Catholic but did not honor the hierarchy of the Church. - He was a devout and faithful Catholic and was fiercely loyal to it. - He advocated a mix of Protestant doctrines and practices as the key to belief.

He was a deist who detested and mocked Rome and the reformers.

What was notable about the Russian emancipation of serfs in 1861? - It occurred after a worker's revolt. - It was very superficial at best. - It was the largest single emancipation of enslaved people in history. - An enlightened tsar began the process to be thwarted by the boyars.

It was the largest single emancipation of enslaved people in history.

The Declaration of Independence was based on the ideals of what man? - Jean-Jacques Rousseau - John Locke - Louis XVI - Thomas Jefferson

John Locke

Which political philosopher taught that all human knowledge comes from sense perceptions? - John Locke - Adam Smith - Baron de Montesquieu - Voltaire

John Locke

Which early French feminist argued for women's rights during the French Revolution? - Lucretia Mott - Mary Wollstonecraft - Susan B. Anthony - Olympe de Gouges

Olympe de Gouges

Napoleon felt that France needed to be like which empire? - Rome - Spain - Byzantine - Frank

Rome

Why did Italy struggle after it had been unified? - There were unreconcilable conflicts between the Pope and the King of Sardinia. - Giuseppe Garibaldi wanted to be the leader of Italy. - The people in both the northern and southern parts of Italy could not agree on one self-identity. - No one wanted to take of all of the peninsula, which caused division.

The people in both the northern and southern parts of Italy could not agree on one self-identity.

Which American writer was a vehement defender of deism? - Thomas Jefferson - Thomas Paine - John Adams - John Locke

Thomas Paine

Which of the following nations was last to actually abolish slavery? - France - Spain - United States - Britain

United States

Which leader became the ruler of a united Italy? - Wilhelm I - Conti di Cavour - Giuseppe Garibaldi - Victor Emanuel II

Victor Emanuel II

Which of the following conditions was LEAST important in the process of industrialization? - an available labor source - a convenient power source - a navigable system of waterways - a healthy agricultural economy

a healthy agricultural economy

Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power as - a military hero. - an opponent of Robespierre. - a liberal noble who supported the third estate.

a military hero.

Which of the following was NOT one of the causes of the French revolution of 1789? - a staggering national debt - the extravagance of Marie Antoinette and the court at Versailles - resentment at the privileges of the aristocracy - accusation of treason against Louis XVI

accusation of treason against Louis XVI

In Britain, one outcome of the laws against child labor in the late nineteenth century was that - poor children were forced to do piecework at home. - working class parents were obliged to find childcare. - children spent more time away from their parents than when they had been working. - all children were required to attend public school.

all children were required to attend public school.

The British maintained their head start in industrialization... - by forbidding the export of machinery and expertise. - through constant innovation and renovation. - through significant government support of industry. - by sabotaging the efforts of their competitors.

by forbidding the export of machinery and expertise.

Which of the following NOT might be a feature or effect of cultural nationalism? - collecting folk songs and fairy tales of one's culture - the study of one's cultural history - capitalism - anti-Semitism

capitalism

Which of the following was NOT a significant labor-saving invention in the production of cotton cloth? - the power loom - chemical dyes - the flying shuttle - the steam-driven spinning "mule"

chemical dyes

New institutions that supported early capitalism included all the following EXCEPT... - banks and lending institutions. - joint-stock companies. - craft guilds. - stock exchanges.

craft guilds.

What was the key aspect of Zionism? - acceptance of Jews in their nations of residence - the creation of an international city of Jewish note - the mass conversion of Jews to Christianity - creation of a new and specific homeland for Jews in Palestine

creation of a new and specific homeland for Jews in Palestine

By 1900, birthrates had sharply declined in most industrialized countries because - declining infant mortality meant that more of the children born were likely to survive. - improved health and nutrition increased overall death rates. - married couples actively opposed birth control. - raising children was cheaper in an industrial society than in an agricultural one.

declining infant mortality meant that more of the children born were likely to survive.

Under the rule of the Convention, French women... - were legally defined in terms of either their fathers or their husbands. - gained important property rights and the right to a divorce. - were proclaimed full citizens of the Republic. - lost economic power to their husbands.

gained important property rights and the right to a divorce.

Middle-class family life in the new industrial society was characterized by - equal participation of men and women in the industrial economy. - gendered division of labor and space. - children leaving school to work in the mills at an early age. - substantial social and political gains by women.

gendered division of labor and space.

The ideas of the Enlightenment challenged the long-term assumptions about sovereignty, and instead proposed that... - true government stems from religious authority. - governments are bound to the will of the people. - all government is inherently unjust; humans are better off living in a state of nature. - the best form of government is a democracy.

governments are bound to the will of the people.

The putting-out system was profitable for all the following groups EXCEPT... - guild members who specialized in specific elements of cloth production such as weaving or dying. - consumers who bought the finished cloth. - rural workers who did the spinning and weaving. - entrepreneurs who moved cloth production into the countryside.

guild members who specialized in specific elements of cloth production such as weaving or dying.

From the perspective of the worker, the factory system meant... - harsh discipline and close supervision. - better working conditions than piecework done at home. - greater opportunities for advancement within a free market system. - better pay for skilled work.

harsh discipline and close supervision.

Theodor Herzl's Zionism was the direct result of... - a religious revelation that European Jews should return to the Holy Land. - his frustrated desire to emigrate to America. - his shock at the army's persecution of Alfred Dreyfus. - his shock at a government order revoking the citizenship of all French Jews.

his shock at the army's persecution of Alfred Dreyfus.

The population of the industrial world grew dramatically in the nineteenth century, in part because - new urban centers were healthier environments than were rural villages. - aggressive public health programs eradicated childhood diseases. - families did not yet know how to limit the number of births. - improved transportation networks resulted in cheaper food and therefore better diets.

improved transportation networks resulted in cheaper food and therefore better diets.

By 1900, birthrates had sharply declined in most industrialized countries for all the following reasons EXCEPT: - improved health and nutrition reduced overall death rates. - increasing infant mortality meant that more of the children born were likely to die. - married couples actively practiced birth control. - raising children was more expensive in an industrial society than in an agricultural one.

increasing infant mortality meant that more of the children born were likely to die.

One advantage of the industrial corporation over the older joint-stock company was the... - limited liability for investors. - ability to remain flexible and small-scale. - possibility for government-sponsored monopoly. - opportunity to improve the standard of living of many more workers.

limited liability for investors.

A political conservative in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate all the following EXCEPT: - censorship as a reasonable means of preventing social unrest. - limiting suffrage to women of property. - the restoration of the French monarchy after the defeat of Napoleon. - government support of the established church.

limiting suffrage to women of property.

Which of the following was NOT an economic advantage enjoyed by Britain in the eighteenth century? - local sources of raw cotton - abundant skilled and unskilled labor - access to water transportation - abundant and accessible coal deposits

local sources of raw cotton

It could be said that global economic forces split countries into two dominant patterns. While one was the manufacturing nations, what was the other form? - nations that became dependent on manufacturing economies rather than controlling their own - nations whose government received profits for sale of its raw materials - nations in which private citizens benefited from sale of natural resources - nations that exported labor to satisfy the demands in manufacturing countries

nations that became dependent on manufacturing economies rather than controlling their own

Revolutions in Latin America were frequently a power struggle between what two groups? - Europeans and indigenous peoples - masters and slaves - peninsulares and creoles - Europeans and mestizos

peninsulares and creoles

Rural laborers new to the factory had difficulty adjusting to the... - absence of children in the workplace. - relative freedom of the factory system. - rigid timetables of industrial work. - segregation of men and women in the workplace.

rigid timetables of industrial work.

The American colonists won their bid for independence primarily because... - they were united in the cause of freedom. - they had superior generals. - colonial militias were more disciplined and better marksmen than were British troops. - the French and the Dutch decided to support them against the British.

the French and the Dutch decided to support them against the British.

What idea does the heliocentric theory put forth? - the idea that the Sun revolves around the Earth - that space is where God exists - the idea that the Earth revolves around the sun - the theory of gravity

the idea that the Earth revolves around the sun

Galileo's discoveries would not have been possible without... - the telescope. - the development of calculus. - the printing press. - the astrolabe.

the telescope.

The German people united behind King Wilhelm I because... - he promised them a constitutional monarchy. - the wars engineered by Bismarck generated strong nationalist sentiment. - he was the rightful heir to the Holy Roman Empire. - the Prussian army defeated all other claimants to the throne.

the wars engineered by Bismarck generated strong nationalist sentiment.

Which of the following was NOT a typical inducement for Europeans to emigrate abroad in the nineteenth century? - difficult political, social, and economic circumstances in Europe generally - famine in Ireland - unemployment in Britain - anti-Semitism in Russia

unemployment in Britain

Cotton cloth was valued by European consumers in the eighteenth century because it - was a British product and so considered patriotic. - lasted longer than wool. - was comfortable and convenient. - was rare and considered a luxury.

was comfortable and convenient.

Industrialization made profound changes in work responsibilities. Which of the following groups protested the changes first? - agricultural landlords - Socialists - workers - city governments

workers