motor learning: feedback

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

is absolute or relative frequency of feedback best for learning?

-absolute frequency of feedback

absolute feedback

-absolute number of times feedback is given

delay feedback

-allowing time between movement and feedback -allows the person to process intrinsic info

how does bandwidth KR facilitate learning?

-as time progresses: people become more reliant on their intrinsic feedback

visual feedback

-augmented (ex. video --> pattern of movement) -important: focus the learner on a small amount of info

how big should the bandwidth be?

-beginning: large -as time progresses: decreasing

prescriptive feedback

-better for learning -feedback that provides info for efficient correction -ex. you need to throw harder

limitations of visual feedback

-by itself, it is useless (unless cues are provided) -too much info -practitioner/coach/therapist has to be very versed in the movement and well informed about the movement

knowledge of performance is mostly informational

-critical to give info about the fundamental movement pattern -focus on specific features of the movement

instantaneous vs. delayed feedback best for learning?

-delayed feedback

types of knowledge of results

-descriptive feedback -prescriptive feedback

how is feedback a motivating factor?

-energize the individual -stimulate the individual -enjoyable

knowledge of results

-extrinsic, verbal -info about a learner's success/failure at a task (outcome)

knowledge of performance

-extrinsic, verbal -info is about the quality of the movement (biomechanics)

biofeedback

-feedback from biological processes -sometimes observable but also under unconscious control -ex. HR, BP, stomach ache

bandwidth feedback

-feedback that is given when errors exceed a certain threshold (bandwidth)

descriptive feedback

-good for more proficient learners -feedback that restates what the learner did -ex. outcome- you missed

kinetic feedback

-hard to give without equipment -form of KP -ex. "throwing too hard"; "throwing too softly"

instantaneous feedback

-immediate feedback -given immediately after movement -no time delay

average feedback

-info about average performance

2 classifications of feedback

-intrinsic feedback -extrinsic feedback

knowledge of results 2

-knowledge of results can be both performance and learning variable -performance --> can be manipulated during practice -learning --> determined via transfer trials (no feedback)

extrinsic (augmented) feedback 2

-many dimensions of augmented feedback: ---KR: knowledge of results ---KP: knowledge of performance ---concurrent (during) vs. terminal (at the end) ---immediate (right after movement) vs. delayed (with a time delay) ---verbal vs. nonverbal

extrinsic feedback is influenced by

-motivation -reinforcement -dependence

punishment

-negative -no info provides for correction

relative feedback

-percentage of times feedback is given

kinematic feedback

-position of body -speed -time -coordination -joint angles

three types of reinforcement

-positive reinforcement -negative reinforcement -punishment

positive reinforcement

-positive strengthening -increases chances of someone repeating the action

summary feedback

-provide a summary of the performance after the movements are completed -ex. 20 trials: snapshot of performance throughout the 20 trials

types of bandwidth feedback

-qualitative feedback (description language) ---ex. you missed -quantitative feedback (magnitude and direction) ---ex. you missed by 2 feet to the left

knowledge of performance (good)

-real-life movements -movement parameter info -provides the learner with a source of error correction -internal models

dependency

-reliance -beginning: increase in feedback or reinforcement is good -can become addicting --> reliance

negative reinforcement

-removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired positive behavior

intrinsic feedback

-sensory info from movement -info from what the learner picks up themselves (inherent)

extrinsic feedback

-sensory info from movements -info is provided by sources outside the body (augmented)

feedback

-sensory info pertaining to movement -asks the question of what was done -closed-loop theory (using feedback to learn)

reinforcement

-strengthen the experience -increases the likelihood that a person will produce the same response under the same conditions

kinetics

-study of motion with forces

kinematics

-study of pure motion without forces

intrinsic feedback 2

-subjective (picking up the feedback & error correction) -self-evaluation is important and difficult for beginners -2 sources of information (external and internal)

when is feedback available?

-usually after a movement -sometimes before a movement (feedforward) -during a movement (task-dependent: continuous)

examples of descriptive feedback

-you missed -you hit the target -you missed to the right/left

examples of prescriptive feedback

-you need to throw to the left/right -you need to throw harder


संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

Chapter 1: The First Civilizations

View Set

PNLE II for Community Health Nursing and Care of the Mother and Child

View Set

CH 58 Drugs for Substance Use Disorders

View Set

SDSU ART 157 (2.1-4.2) Inquizitive

View Set

Chapter 50: Caring for Clients with Disorders of the Endocrine System

View Set