Multicultural Education Final
Which state recently ranked lowest in well-being? a. Hawaii b. West Virginia c. Alaska d. South Dakota
B.
12. Which of the following statements regarding second-generation immigrants is incorrect? a. More second-generation migrants live in poverty as compared with the general population. b. The majority of second-generation migrants living in the United States are Asian or Hispanic. c. Most tend to identify with their ancestral roots and consider themselves to be typical American d. More second-generation migrants are college graduates as compared with those in the general population. e. Home ownership among second-generation migrants tends to mirror that of the general population
A.
2. Over half of the world's population lives in a. Asia. b. North America. c. Africa. d. South America. e. Europe. f. Australia.
A.
3. Which of the following is not one of the designated regions of the U.S. federal government? a. Appalachia b. Midwest c. South d. West
A.
What is the closest percentage of Americans who currently farm for a living? A. 33% b. 5% c. 1% d. 20% e. 10%
C.
5. Five immigrant students are pleased that they are now living in the United States. Four of them are particularly relieved to be in the United States because of religious restrictions on their families' minority religious background in their home country. Which of the following is least likely to have been affected by religious restrictions in his or her home country? a. Ming and her family, Muslim immigrants from China b. Adhi and his family, who are Christian and emigrated from Indonesia c. Manisha, who is Hindu and an immigrant from Pakistan d. Aafia, who is Muslim an immigrant from India e. Suri from Iran, whose family religion is Baha'I
A.
A historic court case was brought before the Supreme Court regarding the alleged failure of the San Francisco Board of Education to provide programs designed to meet the linguistic needs of non-English-speaking children. The Court stipulated that special language programs were necessary if schools were to provide an equal educational opportunity for such students. This case was a. Lau v. Nichols. b. Diana v. State Board of Education. c. Unz v. The Oceanside Unified School District. d. Unz v. Board of Education.
A.
Approximately _____ of LGBT students feel unsafe in their schools because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. a. 56% b. 10% c. 78% d. 28%
A.
As a group, the millennials tend to be noted for some unique characteristics, which include which of the following? a. A lower level of identification with organized religion than most other cohorts b. A lack self-confidence, owing to the c. comparative high success levels of their parents' generation d. Acrimonious relationships with their parents e. A tendency to marry at an earlier age than other cohorts
A.
As recently as the latter part of the twentieth century, nearly half of the states had laws a. prohibiting marriage between individuals with intellectual disabilities. B. requiring the schooling of all individuals with intellectual disabilities. c. allowing the euthanization of individuals with intellectual disabilities. d. allowing the required sterilization of individuals with intellectual disabilities.
A.
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark decision because it a. struck down the Jim Crow laws of "separate but equal." b. called for schools to be desegregated. c. ensured equal funding of schools. d. eliminated discrimination against African American children.
A.
Disproportionately high placement of children in classes for students with intellectual disabilities and emotional disturbance has been particularly problematic with which group of students? a. African American students b. Hispanic students c. Asian and Pacific American students d. White students
A.
Education that is multicultural is designed primarily for which students? a. All students, regardless of their race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, native language, religion, sexual orientation, gender, abilities, or age b. Students with disabilities c. Students from low-income families d. Students of color
A.
Educational assessment on ELL students has resulted in a. disproportionately higher numbers of placements of ELL students in classes with students with disabilities. b. disproportionately higher numbers of ELL students placed in classes for the gifted and talented. c. disproportionately fewer placements of ELL students in classes for students with disabilities. d. concerns that the assessment instruments have been constructed so as to be biased in favor of ELL students.
A.
European colonizers followed a principle or policy in which they saw their own cultures as superior to all others justifying their ruling over other people and nations. This is referred to as which of the following? a. Manifest destiny b. Globalization c. Industrial colonization d. Economic sanctioning
A.
Every individual who lives long enough will become a part of every age group. It is therefore important for educators to understand how age interfaces with culture because a. ethnicity, socioeconomic status, religion, and gender interact with age to influence a person's behavior and attitudes. B. a student's classroom behavior is usually independent of his or her relationships with parents, siblings, and significant others. c. age is the primary determinant and is virtually alone in affecting the way a person behaves or functions. d. we can learn how a student's inherited disposition will likely be a primary determinant of behavior in the classroom.
A.
How does a zero-tolerance policy in schools contribute to the school-to-prison pipeline? a. When young people are not in school, they are at greater risk of being arrested and sentenced. b. It increases the number of multiple suspensions of students. c. It leads to students being arrested for in-school minor offenses. d. It removes students from the learning environment, limiting their opportunity to finish high school.
A.
How many migrants live in the United States today? a. About 46 million b. About 23 million c. About 12 million d. About 6 million e. About 82 million
A.
Physical geography studies features of the earth, such as which of the following? a. All of these b. None of these c. Landforms d. Vegetation e. Climate
A.
Researchers have concluded that which of the following characteristics is innate? a. None of these b. Mathematics c. All of these d. Reading e. Mechanical ability f. Aggression
A.
Supporters of a pluralistic society believe that a. promoting the diversity of cultural groups strengthens society. b. the diversity of groups is divisive to society. c. diverse cultural groups dilute the common culture of the country. d. diverse cultural groups lead to power struggles among groups.
A.
The majority of American Indians and Alaskan Natives who receive federal services receive them through which branch of the government? a. The Department of the Interior b. The Department of Agriculture c. The Department of d. Health and Human Services e. The Department of Commerce f. The Department of Homeland Security
A.
What distinguishes transgenders from their peers in the LGBT designation? a. The gender of transgenders does not match the sex with which they were born or assigned at birth. b. Transgenders are less easily identified than their lesbian and gay peers. c. Transgenders integrate more easily into a school culture than their lesbian and gay classmates. d. Transgenders are not sexually attracted to the same sex.
A.
What is one of the most important goals of culturally responsive teaching and multicultural education? a. To integrate the histories, experiences, and multiple perspectives of different ethnic and cultural groups throughout the curriculum and instruction in classrooms b. To reinforce the importance of religious freedom in the United States c. To ensure that teachers integrate the histories of students' ethnic and cultural groups in instruction during the month set aside for that purpose d. To denigrate the culture of the dominant group
A.
What is one of the primary purposes of a gay-straight alliance (GSA) club at a school? a. To support each other and create a safe and positive environment for LGBTQ students b. To fight discrimination in classrooms c. To provide advice to LGBTQs on coming out d. To organize events for a Day of Silence, National Coming-Out Day, and National History Month
A.
What is the best example of how equality would be reflected in academic outcomes for students? a. Students would score at the same levels on standardized tests regardless of their group memberships. b. Students' cultures would be integrated throughout the curriculum. c. Student suspensions would be eliminated. d. Students from different cultural groups would participate at the same rates in extracurricular activities.
A.
What is the most effective strategy for incorporating students' voices in the classroom? a. Dialogue between teachers and students related to goals and standards rather than a teacher centered lecture b. Open communications between teachers and students c. The Socratic Method d. Authentic learning experiences
A.
What is the primary reason that you should prepare yourself to teach multiculturally? a. To develop the cultural competence to effectively teach a culturally diverse group of students with different histories and experiences than your own b. To improve your cross-cultural skills by interacting with people from cultural groups different than your own c. To expand your knowledge base about cultural groups beyond your own d. To clarify your own prejudices and stereotypes and plan to eliminate them
A.
Which congressional act prohibits states from using racially and culturally discriminating tests for placing students in classes for children with disabilities and requires testing in the child's native language? a. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act b. The Civil Rights Act c. Section 504 of Public Law 93-112 d. Title IX
A.
Which of the following Supreme Court cases did not specifically involve children with disabilities, but became the cornerstone for court cases involving the educational rights of children with disabilities? A. Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka b. Hendrick Hudson School District v. Rowley c. Mills v. the Board of Education d. Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
A.
Which of the following federal laws required the removal of physical barriers in restaurants, hotels, retail stores, and stadiums? a. Americans with Disabilities Act b. Jacob Javits Act c. Section 504 of Public Law 93-112 d. Education for All Handicapped Children Act
A.
Which of the following is a reason for teachers to be careful about identifying the cultural identity of their students based on how they look and dress? a. There is a danger of stereotyping students based on misperceptions and misinformation about their cultural identity. b. Knowing the cultural identity of a student helps teachers make the curriculum more relevant and meaningful to students. c. The importance of group memberships in a student's identity is determined by the unique experiences and history of a family in society. d. Diversity exists within the same cultural group.
A.
Which of the following is correct regarding the 1982 Hendrick Hudson School District v. Rowley case? A. The Supreme Court ruled that school districts are required to only provide a basic floor of opportunity for students with disabilities. B. The Supreme Court ruled that Amy Rowley was entitled to the best possible education and that the Hendrick Hudson School District was required to provide Amy with all of the services requested by her family. C. The Supreme Court ruled that the requirements of the law's mandate for a "free and appropriate education" were clearly stated, and that a school district's obligations to children with disabilities were obvious to all concerned. D. Amy Rowley's parents' dispute with the school district was over the district's forced placement of Amy in a segregated class for students with hearing impairments rather than a regular classroom.
A.
Which of the following is most likely not considered a problem in rural schools? a. Lower student-to-teacher ratios b. Long bus rides for students in consolidated schools c. Insufficient resources for foreign language classes d. Teachers being responsible for subject-area classes that they are not prepared for e. Small enrollments that often force consolidation of schools
A.
Which of the following is not a reflection of white privilege in schools? a. White students are discriminated against in society because of their European heritage. b. White parents are more likely to be in leadership roles in the school. c. White students are overrepresented in advanced placement (AP) and gifted and talented programs. d. White students seldom have to think about their race in their interactions with school and other authorities. e. White students are perceived by others as racists.
A.
Which of the following is not true regarding U.S. undocumented immigrants? a. The numbers of undocumented immigrants have grown to record highs in recent years and continue to grow. B. California, Texas, Florida, New York, New Jersey, and Illinois are home to about 60% of the undocumented immigrants in the United States. c. Undocumented immigrants assume many of the difficult and low-paying jobs that the resident population is unwilling or unable to do. d. The number of undocumented immigrants took a downturn with the 2007 recession and has leveled off. e. Undocumented immigrants account for slightly more that 5% of the U.S. workforce.
A.
Which of the following primarily protects LGBTQ teachers from losing their jobs because of their sexual orientation or gender identity? a. Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses b. Morrison v. Board of Education c. Schroeder v. Hamilton School District d. Lawrence v. Texas
A.
Which of the following statements is correct with respect to gender identity? a. Most people take gender identity for granted without question because it corresponds to our sex. b. Gender refers to the cultural characteristics behind the meaning of being a female or male. c. In the first year of life, children realize that they are either boys or girls and have begun to learn their expected behaviors. d. Traditionally, men have been equated with nature
A.
Which of the following states is among the four states with the highest percentages of minorities? a. New Mexico b. Vermont c. West Virginia d. Maine e. New Hampshire
A.
Why does heteronormativity prevent the development of equitable relationships among LGBs and heterosexuals? a. Because heterosexuality is viewed as normal and all other sexual orientations as abnormal or wrong b. Because heterosexuality is the sexual orientation of over 90% of the population c. Because it leads to heterosexism or homophobia d. Because heterosexuality is valued much more than other sexual orientations
A.
Why is critical thinking important in education that is multicultural? a. It encourages students to question the status quo and explore multiple perspectives. b. It is an important twenty-first-century skill that all students should develop. c. It requires students to reflect carefully on what they read. d. It helps students make sense of the content they are studying.
A.
Why is it more difficult for older children and adults as compared with younger children to master foreign languages? a. The vocal muscles of older children and adults are developed, resulting in difficulty in making unfamiliar vocal sounds. b. There is a difference in the cognitive functioning of younger children as compared with older children and adults, making it more difficult to learn new things. c. There are fewer opportunities for older children and adults to learn foreign languages as compared with younger children. d. Older children and adults are more resistant to change, including the learning of new languages.
A.
5. Subtractive bilingualism refers to a. a second language being added in addition to the first language. b. circumstances in which a second language replaces the first language. c. situations in which some key elements of a language are d. deliberately removed from the speech patterns of a student.
B.
6. In recent years, the percentage of Americans identifying themselves as Christians has been declining. Currently, the percentage of Americans identifying themselves as Christians is around what percentage? a. 40% b. 77% c. 33% d. 57%
B.
According to the research in this area, most students will need _______ to be able to function with basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS). a. one year b. two years c. six years d. four years
B.
Child abuse is a very serious matter, which too often results in the loss of life. How often do children die from child abuse? a. Four children die from abuse every week. b. Four children die every day from abuse. c. One child dies daily from abuse. d. Four children die from abuse every month.
B.
Childhood may be a particularly critical time in the life of the individual for which of the following reasons? a. This is when some white children grow up seeing themselves (whiteness) as the norm. b. All of these are correct. c. This is when ethnic awareness comes into focus. d. This is the time when an individual begins school. e. None of these are correct. f. This is when an individual begins to be exposed to cultures other than that of the home, family neighborhood.
B.
Economists report a diminishing of the middle class in the United States. What is a primary reason for this decrease? a. Increase in service jobs b. Stagnant wages and reduced employer contributions to fringe benefits such as health c. insurance and retirement d. Lower levels of education in the population e. Poor education system
B.
Gloria Ladson-Billings, who first introduced us to culturally relevant pedagogy, says that success with African American students does not depend on "tinkering with the curriculum or demanding absolute quiet or having everyone wear a uniform." Instead, she has found in her research that success depends on all of the following, except which one? a. Promotion of sociopolitical consciousness b. Having teachers from the same racial background as the students c. Student learning d. Development of cultural competence
B.
Historically, the treatment and care of people with intellectual and physical disabilities have typically been a function of which of the following? a. The federal policies of the day b. The socioeconomic conditions of the times c. The social conscience of the general public d. The ethnic groups into which the individuals were born e. The people assigned to their care
B.
If race has been discredited as a way to classify people, what is the primary reason it continues to be used for that purpose in the United States? a. The need to describe populations by their membership in a racial group b. The continuing belief that racial differences distinguish people and that these differences are important c. Its importance in tracking discrimination based on racial identity d. Its importance in determining who should be eligible for government benefits
B.
Which of the following court cases turned the tide toward the resegregation of schools? a. Bolling v. Sharpe in 1955 b. Milliken v. Bradley in 1974 c. Freeman v. Pitts in 1992 d. Green v. County Board of New Kent County in 1965
B.
In 1987 Congress passed the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. This legislation requires schools to a. see school records before homeless children can be enrolled in a new school. b. assign a liaison to advocate for homeless students. c. provide breakfast and lunch to homeless children. d. provide clothing for homeless children.
B.
In describing adolescents, which of the following statements is true regarding risk? a. "At risk" and "high risk" are synonymous. b. High-risk behaviors may include the use of harmful substances such as alcohol or other drugs sexual behaviors leading to unwanted pregnancies or STDs. c. Youth deemed to be "at risk" typically engage in high-risk behaviors. d. Poverty, discrimination, family instability, genetic or constitutional factors, and parental neglect are primary contributing factors to youth being "at risk."
B.
In their seminal writings, Gliedman and Roth (1980) suggest that, with respect to discrimination, African Americans and other minority groups are better off than those with disabilities for which reason? a. Neither of these choices is correct. b. Both of these choices are correct. c. Society opposes racism, holding the view that African Americans are not self-evidently inferior. d. African Americans and other groups have developed ethnic pride.
B.
Mills v. Board of Education was brought before the Federal District Court for the District of Columbia on behalf of 18,000 out-of-school children with which disability? a. Behavior problems b. All of these c. Epilepsy d. Physical problems e. Intellectual disabilities
B.
Rachel's synagogue belongs to the Conservative movement in Judaism. Which of the following is an incorrect characterization of her synagogue? a. Some of the members of her synagogue maintain a kosher diet; others do not. b. Her synagogue belongs to the most conservative branch of Judaism. c. Her rabbi is a woman. d. Her Conservative synagogue represents the moderates in Judaism.
B.
Schools across the nation are becoming increasingly diverse, with the greatest numerical increase over the past 10 years in which of the following groups? a. Asian students b. Hispanic or Latino students c. Muslim students d. Gay students e. Students with disabilities
B.
Serving students with disabilities and other special needs entirely within the general classroom is referred to as a. resourcing. b. full inclusion. c. mainstreaming. d. integration.
B.
The 1963 Supreme Court decision on school prayer a. allows for a local minister to offer the opening prayer at Friday night's football game because it is not held during school hours and attendance is strictly voluntary. B. allow voluntary private prayer by teachers, students, or staff during school hours. C. prohibits all forms of prayer in the school where you teach. D. has angered religious conservatives because it bans students, teachers, and support staff from praying privately before school meals.
B.
The Clinton and Bill and Melinda Gates 2015 "No Ceilings" report documents the progress of the struggle for women's equity over the past 20 years. Which of the following was not one of the findings in the report? a. In 2013, 10 countries accounted for 60% of maternal deaths. b. Legal rights gained in gender equity are almost always universally enforced. c. When women participate in peace processes, they are more likely to raise key issues related to long-term peace and security, such as human rights, justice, health care, and so forth. d. Much progress has been made in the past 20 years, but much of the progress is not universal, with significant gaps in certain world regions. e. Worldwide, 2.5 billion individuals do not have access to toilets and continue to relieve themselves outdoors.
B.
The common culture of the United States highly values which of the following principles? a. Bilingualism b. Individualism c. Socialism d. Cooperation
B.
What is the importance of the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)? a. It called for countries to eliminate poverty. b. It called for countries to provide human rights and social justice for their citizens. c. The countries that signed the Declaration agreed to provide equitable wages to their citizens by 1975. d. It called for countries to provide a high school education to all students.
B.
What is the most effective way for teachers to incorporate race and ethnicity in their instruction? a. Invite members of different ethnic and racial groups to make presentations to the class. b. Integrate information about diverse groups seamlessly throughout the curriculum. c. Ask students from the cultural group being studied to present their group's perspective on topics as they are addressed. d. Focus on a particular ethnic or racial group during, for example, Black History Month, Hispanic History Month, and so forth.
B.
What part of the civil rights movement had the most direct influence on the groups integrated into multicultural education? a. The establishment of ethnic studies in many colleges and universities b. The extension of the civil rights movement to multiple groups that had historically been treated inequitably in society c. The desegregation of schools d. The application of affirmative action programs
B.
What was the major finding of the Kinsey Report that was released nearly 70 years ago as the first major study of the sexual behavior of adults? a. More men than women were exclusively homosexual. b. Adults were found to practice sexual behavior across a continuum from exclusively homosexual to exclusively heterosexual. c. Most adults regularly moved back and forth across Kinsey's continuum of sexual behavior. d. A very small percentage of the U.S. population was homosexual.
B.
When a teacher hears or observes students harassing another student because of his or her sexual identity, what should the teacher do? a. Ignore the incident so as not to bring further attention to the harassed student. b. Intervene immediately to make it clear to students that the behavior will not be tolerated. c. Call the principal's office for help. d. Move the victimized student near the teacher's desk and tell him or her to ignore the harassment of classmates.
B.
Which bilingual programs are receiving less resistance from bilingual education opponents as compared with other forms of bilingual education? a. Additive bilingual programs b. Dual-language immersion programs ESL programs c. Maintenance bilingual programs
B.
Which of the following is characteristic of most English language learners (ELLs)? a. Over 40% of the parents of ELL students have not completed high school. b. All of these are correct. c. Of ELL students, 35% are foreign born. d. Disproportionate numbers of ELL students live in poverty.
B.
Which of the following is not characteristic of the physical structure of males as they reach puberty? a. Greater strength b. Greater ability to float in water c. Greater endurance for heavy labor d. Greater ease in overarm throwing e. Greater ease in running
B.
Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of girls, as listed in the chapter? a. More likely to attempt suicide b. In early life, mature more slowly and are sick more often c. Higher reading and writing test scores d. More likely to be bullied in school e. Higher reading and writing test scores
B.
Which of the following research findings is correct regarding single-sex education? a. Most single-sex schools are private because the courts require most public single-sex schools to integrate (e.g., Virginia Military Academy and the Citadel). b. All of these are correct. c. Little difference in terms of performance was found in either all-girl or single-sex schools in Ireland. d. A group of prominent scientists led by Halpern (2011) strongly suggests that no well-designed research exists to support the contention that single-sex segregation either increases gender stereotyping or legitimatizes institutional sexism. e. Single-sex schools focus on developing confidence, academic achievement, and leadership skills of women or men by using their unique learning styles and cultural experiences.
B.
Which of the following would be the least appropriate way to learn more about the cultures of your students and families? a. Listen to students and their families as they tell their stories and describe their experiences. b. Discuss diversity with your friends. c. Participate in religious and ethnic activities in the community. d. Read articles and books about the cultural groups in your school.
B.
Which of your students belong to the religious group that allows women in its highest leadership roles? a. Kadir and his mosque b. Elizabeth and her Episcopal Church c. Lori and the members of her Mormon ward d. Maria and her Catholic parish
B.
Who expanded the concept of normalization in the United States and added the concept of social role valorization? a. Turnbull, Turnbull, and Wehmeyer b. Wolfensberger c. Drew and Hardman d. Nirje
B.
Who theorized that self-actualization could be attained only after one's basic needs were fulfilled? a. Jane Mercer b. Abraham Maslow c. Amy Rowley d. Lloyd Dunn e. Jacob Javits
B.
Why do students rate caring as one of the most important characteristics of a good teacher? a. Students of caring teachers have higher academic performance. b. Caring teachers recognize students for who they are, are supportive, and don't give up on the c. Students are more willing to work when they feel that the teacher cares about them. d. Caring teachers are less demanding of students.
B.
Worldwide, indigenous peoples have a lower life expectancy than nonindigenous populations, a decrease of about ____ years. a. 5 b. 20 c. 10 d. 30
B.
______ refers to the published opinions of judges that interpret statutes, regulations, and constitutional provisions; the U.S. legal system relies on the value of these decisions and the legal precedents they established. a. Published law b. Case law c. Jurisdictional law d. Historical law
B.
6. Formal Standard English refers to the a. English language considered proper in a community. b. English found in noted English literature (e.g., Charlotte Bronte, William Makepeace Thackery, Charles Dickens). c. acceptable written language that is typically found in grammar books. d. variety of English that every student should be able to speak upon completion of a K-12 education in the United States.
C.
What is a school's responsibility for the education of unauthorized students? a. Educators can deny education to students who are unauthorized. b. Educators are required to report families that they think are unauthorized to the Department of Homeland Security. c. Educators must provide an education to all students living in the United States. d. Educators may ask parents for documentation that their children are authorized to be in the United States.
C.
7. Which of the following students in your class is most likely not a member of a liberal or Mainline Protestant church? a. Sophie and her Sunday school class have been volunteering one Saturday per month at a food bank and participating in other social welfare efforts. b. Jodi and the members of her family's church believe that it is the right of individuals to determine for themselves what is true in religion. c. Stefanie believes that the Bible is inerrant. d. Kyra may not accept some of the miracles cited in the Bible as factual.
C.
Both the students and teachers of one religious group/denomination at your school tend to be more religious than the others, attending religious services more regularly than other groups, and as a group indicate that religion is very important to them to a greater extent than do other groups. If these group members are typical of most in their denomination, they are likely a. Jewish. b. Eastern Orthodox. c. Mormons. d. Catholics.
C.
Childhood and adolescent obesity a. has been on a steady decline the United States in the last 30 years. B. hardly ever carries over into adulthood. C. leads to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. D. led to the 2010 congressional passage of the Healthy Foods Act, which enables the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to regulate the lunch programs in public schools.
C.
Four of the following students and their religious groups (church, synagogue) supported California Proposition 8, which banned same-sex marriage. Which one did not? A. Jill and her ward of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints b. Angel and his Roman Catholic parish c. Joan and her Episcopal church d.Donna and her Southern Baptist church e. Ruth and her Orthodox Jewish synagogue
C.
How can reflection on your teaching practice assist you in delivering education that is multicultural? a. It will encourage you to ask questions about inequities in the school. b. It will help you determine what worked well and what could be improved in your teaching. c. If you ask the right questions, it can force you to analyze your interactions with students from different cultural groups, as well as your incorporation of the histories and experiences of students' cultures into the curriculum and your instruction. d. It will improve your teaching.
C.
In classrooms with students from diverse groups, what is the purpose of bringing students' cultures into the classroom? a. To help students learn the cultures of their classmates b. To eliminate prejudice c. To help students develop cultural competencies d. To make the curriculum relevant to the experiences and backgrounds of students
C.
In your ninth-grade class in a rural southern community, most of the students belong to evangelical Protestant churches. Which of the following students likely belongs to a liberal Mainline church? a. Penni believes that the heavens and earth as we know it were created by God in six days about 6,000 to 10,000 years ago. b. Billy Joe strongly feels that same-sex marriages are firmly in violation of God's plan. c. Camille believes that it was her cousin's right as a free-thinking, independent adult woman to terminate her pregnancy. d. Edie believes that only a highly intelligent Supreme Being could have created a natural world so complex and so well ordered as ours.
C.
Most linguists would consider which of the following U.S. dialects an inappropriate or a linguistically incorrect English speech pattern? a. Appalachian English b. African American Vernacular English c. None of these d. Southern speech or drawl
C.
Nearly 40 countries prohibit corporal punishment of children both in schools and in homes. Which of the following is true of corporal punishment in the United States? a. Corporal punishment is allowed in the home, but not in the schools. b. Corporal punishment is also prohibited in both schools and in the home. c. Corporal punishment is allowed in the home, and in schools in a limited number of states. d. Corporal punishment is allowed in schools in a limited number of states, but not in the home.
C.
Of the following options, which was not a discovery of the National Center for Educational Statistics studies (1970-2012) regarding 9-, 13-, and 17-year-olds? a. Females scored higher than males in all three levels in 2012. b. Scores in 2012 were higher than those in 1970. c. The most significant finding was that at age 17, females scored considerably higher than males in math. d. There were no significant gaps between male and female students at ages 9 and 13 years.
C.
The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits a. the study of religion in public schools. b. gender discrimination. c. Congress from from making laws establishing a religion or prohibiting religious worship. d. prayer in public schools.
C.
The Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Crimes Prevention Act extended the National Defense Authorization Act to cover hate crimes based on actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability. What was one of the major changes in the application of this legislation? a. Federal authorities were not allowed to investigate cases. b. Law enforcement personnel were required to complete training on hate crimes based on gender and gender identity. c. The FBI was now required to collect statistics on hate crimes based on gender and gender identity. d. It applied only to federally protected activities, such as voting or going to school.
C.
The greatest economic change in the past 30 years is the a. decrease in child poverty. b. increase in median incomes. c. dramatic growth in the gap between the wealthy and the middle class. d. decrease of inequality across groups.
C.
The language diversity found in the United States is primarily due to which of the following? a. The high value placed on linguistic diversity in U.S. schools b. The constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech for every citizen c. The continuing immigration from non-English-speaking countries d. The permissive nature of U.S. society toward diversity
C.
There are a number of descriptions of today's young adults. Which of the following is not a typical description of this age group? a. Due to the recent recession, this cohort is one of the least educated in recent decades. b. They view their elders as lacking in moral values and a work ethic. c. As a cohort, they are likely the most antagonistic against racism, sexism, and homophobia. d. This is one of the most religious generations in the last 50 years.
C.
What factor has the greatest correlation with a young person finishing college? a. The availability of student loans b. The high school that the young person attended c. The income of the graduate's family d. SAT scores
C.
What is the impact of a self-fulfilling prophecy, or the Pygmalion effect, on education? a. Students from higher-income families are disproportionately placed in gifted and talented programs. b. Children of middle-class families are advantaged in the classroom. c. Children whose teachers believe that they are intelligent perform at high academic levels. d. Children from low-income families experience discrimination in many schools.
C.
What is the name of the organization for highly gifted individuals that requires a high score on an intelligence test for membership? a. The National Society for the Gifted and Talented b. The Council for the Gifted and Talented c. Mensa d. The Jacob K. Javits Society
C.
When the authors of this text say that most members of the population are caught in the socioeconomic strata in which they were born, they mean that a. the rich continue to get richer, whereas the poor become poorer. b. U.S. society promotes a meritocratic system. c. limited social mobility exists in society. d. higher education makes no difference in changing the socioeconomic status of an individual.
C.
When the teacher and student do not understand each other's cultural cues, the major deterrent to a positive classroom climate that is supportive of all students' learning is which of the following? a. Students misbehave in class. b. Students are unwilling to work cooperatively. c. Not all students receive encouragement and reinforcement from the teacher. d. Students are punished.
C.
Which is not true about women in the world of work? a. Women continue to value both marriage and parenting, suggesting that their aspirations for their careers do not necessarily negate their valuing of family. b. Even in the female-dominated field of nursing, men have been found to be paid higher salaries than women. c. Young women are less likely than young men to indicate that having a high-paying career or profession is a very important aspect their lives. d. The overall differential of income for women is about 78% of what men earn. e. White and Asian women's salaries in general, exceed those of African American and Hispanic women at all levels of education.
C.
Which of the following countries is the world's leading consumer of oil? a. Russia b. India c. The United States d. China e. Japan
C.
Which of the following individuals are likely responsible for boys and girls learning societal expectations for expected male and female behaviors? a. Teachers b. Parents c. All of these d. Peers e. Siblings
C.
Which of the following is characteristic of the socialization patterns seen with elementary school boys in the classroom? a. Boys and girls receive similar feedback and encouragement for their work. b. Boys often control classroom conversations by answering questions slowly and deliberately. c. Boys are more likely to be openly criticized by teachers when they break a rule. d. Teachers tend to be reluctant to praise boys for their intellectual responses. e. All of these
C.
Which of the following is not a reason for book censorship, as cited in the text? a. Excessive violence b. Written by or about gays and lesbians c. Excessive religious themes d. Offensive language e. Use of witchcraft
C.
Which of the following is not a reason to teach about race and racism? a. To help white students understand the privilege they have because of their race b. To challenge beliefs, stereotypes, and misconceptions about race c. To make students feel guilty about their ethnic group d. To help students understand the debilitating effect of racism on persons of color
C.
Which of the following is not correct regarding Title IX? a. Prior to Title IX there were 12 times as many boys participating in high school athletics than girls. b. The percentage of male and female athletes should be proportionate to the percentage of females and males in the student population. c. Title IX is the major legislation that relates exclusively to equity in athletics for schools receiving federal funds. d. Although sports offered by schools must be co-educational, there are two exceptions in which separate teams are permitted but no required. e. In the 2013-14 school year, the ratio of females to males participating in high school athletics was 1:1.38.
C.
Which of the following is not one of the typical characteristics of the millennials? a. Some in this group have realized too late the consequences of placing inappropriate information about themselves on the Internet, resulting in negative consequences. b. They belong to the generation most sophisticated in the use of technology. c. Because of their parents' careful rearing practices, this generation tends to have the most realistic self-image of any recent cohort. d. Most members of this group feel that they should be responsible for having elderly parents live with them if the latter choose to.
C.
Which of the following is the least appropriate topic for the goal of queering the curriculum? a. Openly addressing issues related to sexual identity b. Debating laws that support LGBTQs or are anti-gay c. Discussing the causes of LGBTQ identity d. Discussing heterosexism and homophobia
C.
Which of the following is true regarding non-sexist education? a. Schools must ensure that the sexes are treated equitably in the curriculum, in their interactions with teachers, and in instructional a extracurricular activities. b. Science courses should address the societal limitations that prevented women from being scientists. c. All of these d. Students should be exposed to the contributions of women and men throughout history. d. The power relationships based on gender in the classroom should be eliminated. e. None of these
C.
Why do people migrate from their homes to other areas in the world? a. Religious reasons b. Political reasons c. All of these d. Educational opportunities e. Work opportunities f. Changing climatic conditions
C.
7. Which of the following groups would most likely be identified as a noncontact culture? a. Hispanics b. Hawaiians c. Arabs d. Asians
D.
A non-English language that is generally considered more academic, sophisticated, and among the more prestigious in the United States is a. Japanese. b. Hindi. c. Spanish. d. German. e. Chinese.
D.
After Barack Obama was elected president of the United States, some commentators and intellectuals declared that the United States was now in a post-racial era. Which of the following factors suggests that they were wrong? a. More people of color were appointed to the president's cabinet than in previous administrations. b. Greater income equality now exists across families, regardless of their racial groups. c. Race no longer matters in the everyday lives of the population. d. Educational outcomes continue to differ greatly across racial groups.
D.
As compared with men, more women are completing and are projected to complete which of the following? a. Associate degrees b. Masters degrees c. Doctoral degrees d. All of these
D.
Based on immigration data, which pan-ethnic group will experience the greatest growth in the United States over the next decade? a. Asian Americans b. American Indians c. African Americans d. European Americans d. Latinos
D.
California Proposition 227 requires all language-minority students to be educated in sheltered English immersion programs, not normally intended to exceed one year. Which of the following was not found following the implication of the proposition? a. Two years after the implementation of Proposition 227, achievement test scores of ELL students who remained in bilingual education classes were actually higher than those in English-only classes. b. A year following the implementation of this proposition by the Oceanside School District, there was an 11-point increase in achievement test scores. c. Oceanside School District achievement test scores also improved during the second year of the proposition. d. In the two years following implementation of Proposition 227, achievement test scores improved somewhat across the board in the state for ELL students in both English-only and bilingual education classrooms.
D.
How have schools historically contributed to the assimilation of new immigrants? a. Promoting bilingualism in schools b. Requiring programs in English as a second language (ESL) for English language learners c. Banning the use of languages other than English d. Teaching English and the common culture
D.
How is immigration controlled in the United States? a. By quotas that determine how many immigrants can be admitted from other countries b. By border guards on the country's borders c. By immigration officers d. By Congress
D.
In explaining civil rights and racism to the family, the parents of one of the following students recounted how the leaders of the family's religious group/denomination had in 1995 publicly apologized for its role in justifying slavery and maintaining a culture of racism. The parents of which child most likely explained this? a. Gerry, who is Roman Catholic b. Claude, who belongs to a Nazarene church c. Richard, who is a Mormon d. Carolyn, who is Southern Baptist e. Gordon, who is Methodist
D.
In which of the following states did the English immersion measure, a measure against bilingual education, fail with the voters? a. Massachusetts b. Arizona c. California d. Colorado
D.
It is the last day of the school year and some eighth graders are saying their farewells, wishing their friends a good summer, and saying that they will see them in the fall. However, some students are leaving school for good and will work on their family farms. These students are likely a. Mennonites. b. Latter Day Saints. c. Eastern Orthodox. d. Amish. e. Southern Baptists.
D.
Jan is a 15-year-old Mormon student attending public school in a Utah community. What might you find different about her and some of her fellow LDS students as compared with students in other parts of the country? a. Nearly all of these students will leave school when they are 16 and serve on Mormon missions around the world. b. They are primarily vegetarians. c. They will leave school at the end of the eighth grade and work on their family farms. d. They may be excused during parts of the school day to attend religious classes in a seminary located off campus near the school.
D.
Which of the following practices does not contribute to a school's mission of assimilating new immigrant students? a. Teaching English as a second language b. Teaching the cultural patterns of the dominant society c. Teaching English d. Encouraging bilingualism
D.
Proposition 227 and the similar laws passed in Massachusetts and Arizona were intended to dismantle bilingual education in favor of sheltered English immersion programs. With only a few exceptions, students are to be taught in English and transitioned into general education within a year. According to these laws, students with disabilities a. may be given one additional year before transitioning to general education. B. may be given as long as a school committee and the parents agree on, up to three years, before transitioning to general education c. must be educated as mandated in the law, or the teachers will suffer the consequences permitted in the law. d. may do whatever the individualized education program (IEP) for each student stipulates.
D.
Rates of child poverty are higher in the United States than in almost any other developed country. Which of the following changes would most help to decrease the U.S. child poverty rate? a. Greater government support for child care b. Equal pay of men and women c. Higher minimum wage d. Greater opportunities for single mothers to have a good education and access to higher-paying jobs
D.
Regarding sexual harassment, which of the following is true? a. All states have laws governing sexual assault, and the penalties for offenders can be extremely severe, even if the relationships are consensual. b. None of these c. Actions that are unwelcomed by the victim and make him or her uncomfortable, scared, or confused constitute harassment. d. All of these e. Both boys and girls report receiving unwanted sexual attention in schools. e. Researchers have found that large numbers of students as young as middle schoolers have been victimized by sexual harassment.
D.
Social stratification is a system that a. ensures that middle-class families can live comfortably. b. promotes equality across groups. c. gives greater prestige to people in high-paying work. d. ranks individuals and families in society based on their economic prosperity and prestige.
D.
The dependence on property taxes to help fund schools leads to which of the following? a. Equal distribution of funds across school districts in a state b. States funding the gap in revenues from rich to poor communities c. Equal pay of teachers across schools in a state d. Lower revenues for schools in an economically depressed community
D.
What is a major contributor to a group becoming acculturated and accepted into the dominant society? a. Adopting the cultural patterns of the dominant group b. Working hard to share the American dream of success c. Speaking fluent English d. Not being a member of a group that has historically been discriminated against in society
D.
What is the essence of the five standards developed and tested by the Center for Research on Education, Diversity, and Excellence (CREDE)? a. They call for challenging enrichment activities that engage students, regardless of their cultural memberships. b. They expect teachers to make the curriculum and instruction meaningful to students. c. They are respectful of language and dialectal differences. d. They focus on activities that have been found effective in engaging students from different cultural groups in learning.
D.
What is the major reason families are homeless? a. High unemployment rates b. Family history of chronic poverty c. Lack of support for veterans of U.S. wars d. The lack of affordable housing
D.
What was one of the main reasons for the gay rights movement of the 1950s? a. To stop the harassment of gays and lesbians b. To solicit funds to fight AIDS c. To eliminate unequal pay between gays and heterosexuals d. To remove the pathological diagnosis of gays as mentally ill
D.
What was the outcome of the Nabozny v. Podlesny, Davis, Blauert case in 1996? a. Schools were required to establish gay-straight alliance clubs to support LGB students. b. Teachers were held liable for not reporting incidents of bullying and harassment to school authorities. c. Schools were required to implement anti-bullying programs for their students and teachers. d. Schools could be financially liable for allowing LGB students to be harassed at school.
D.
What was the purpose of the Equal Access Act passed by Congress in 1984? a. To provide all students access to a high-quality education b. To prevent discrimination against students because of their race, religion, and sexual orientation c. To guarantee all students access to gifted and talented programs, regardless of their race and sexual orientation d. To guarantee high school students the right to establish school clubs
D.
When are the hormonal differences between male and females noticeable? a. Between the ages of 2 and 3 b. At birth c. In late adolescence d. At the onset of puberty e. In the early years of elementary school
D.
When students are actively engaged in the learning process, they not only learn but begin to take more responsibility for their own learning. Which of the following is not a strategy that high school students suggest teachers use to motivate them? A. Making the content meaningful to them b. Showing pride in their work c. Being passionate about the subject they are teaching d. Designing competitive activities to help them learn
D.
Which of the following behaviors from a teacher might a Southeast Asian family consider to be offensive? a. Giving an "okay" sign b. Giving a thumb's down sign c. Giving a thumb's up sign d. Giving a student a pat on the head
D.
Which of the following exceptionalities evokes public sympathy and is the only one allowed an additional exemption for federal income taxes? a. Learning disabilities b. Intellectual disabilities c. Gifted and talented d. Blindness e. Emotional disturbance
D.
Which of the following groups is most likely to be below the federal government's poverty level? a. Children under 18 years old b. African Americans c. Persons over 65 years old d. Single women with children
D.
Which of the following is not an example of social justice being reflected in schools? a. Providing equitable resources across cultural groups b. Participating in school projects to eliminate inequities c. Confronting untruths and stereotypes that contribute to inequality and discrimination d. Learning about cultural groups different than your own
D.
Which of the following is not considered a stereotypical characteristic of femininity? a. Nurturing b. Empathetic c. Dependent d. Noncompliant e. Emotional
D.
Which of the following statements is a disposition related to multicultural education? a. The teacher understands how learner diversity can affect communication and knows how to communicate effectively in differing environments. b. The teacher facilitates learners' ability to develop diverse social and cultural perspectives that expand their understanding of local global issues and create novel approaches to solving problems. c. The teacher understands learning theory, human development, cultural diversity, and individual differences and how these impact ongoing planning. d. The teacher reflects on his or her personal biases and accesses resources to deepen his or her own understanding of cultural, ethnic, gender, and learning differences to build stronger relationships and create more relevant learning experiences.
D.
Which of the following statements is incorrect in describing the four Muslim students in your school? a. Bahira and her family belong to one of the fastest-growing religions in the United States. b. Benazir and members of her Sunni Muslim mosque belong to the largest of the two major groups within Islam. c. Ahmad believes that as a faithful Muslim he must surrender to the will of God, or Allah. d. Abdul, a Muslim, belongs to a faith that is primarily a Middle Eastern religion.
D.
Which of the following statements is true regarding substance use among children and youth? a. Among recreational drug users, heroin and cocaine are typically the drugs of choice. b. There are two broad categories of adolescent drug users: the thrill seekers and the addicted user c. Substance abuse is considered to be the use of banned or illegal drugs and substances, and the overuse of legal substances. d. Substances are often used to produce altered states of consciousness.
D.
Which regions tend to vote for Republican candidates? a. Mountain West, Pacific West, Northeast b. South, Mountain c. West, Pacific West d. South, Midwest, Mountain West e. Midwest, Mountain West, Pacific West f. South, Midwest, Northeast
D.
Worldwide, how many forced migrants or refugees were there in 2013? a. Around 24.6 million b. Around 10.6 million c. Around 27.7 million d. Around 51.2 million e. Around 5.2 million
D.
Congress set a goal to fund the mandate of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act at 40% of the cost to educate children with disabilities. As recently as 2014, congressional funding reached which percentage? a. The entire 40% b. 33% c. 22% d. 8% e. 16%
E.
School vouchers a. have no negative impact on public schools because of the saved expense of educating students with vouchers. b. are usually funded by corporate and foundation sponsorships. c. are now provided by the nearly all states. d. are intended to provide the full tuition for the private school of choice. e. vary in value amount by state and by school district.
E.
Teachers can facilitate their immigrant students' adjustment and success in school through which of the following? a. When necessary, enrolling in classes to learn how to work with English language learners b. Talking with other teachers who have had experiences working with English language learners c. Making it clear that they have high expectations for these students d. Checking into district supports for immigrant students e. All of these
E.
The "boy crisis" is a result of which of the following, according to some who express concerns about it? a. The disproportionately higher number of males receiving college and graduate degrees as compared with women b. The disproportionately higher number of males compared to females in advance placement classes c. Too many male students involved in drug use d. Too many male students incarcerated in juvenile correctional institutions e. Feminist reforms in schools to the detriment of males
E.
Which of the following did not provide any significant improvements for the equity of women in the United States? a. 1964 Civil Rights Bill b. 1963 Equal Pay Act c. None of these d. All of these e. The Equal Rights Amendment
E.
Which of the following is a likely contributing factor in the overrepresentation of African American students in classes for students with intellectual disabilities? a. Racial bias and assessment issues b. Poverty and environmental c. factors such as lead poisoning d. Overreferrals and poverty e. All of these
E.
