Multimedia (Lesson 1)

After scanning through countless clip art collections, if it is not possible to find the unusual background you want for a screen about gardening.

Scanning Images

image is sampled are known as picture elements, commonly abbreviated as pixels. The pixel values of intensity images are called

gray scale levels

(more bits of information) is required to describe more than 16 million colors the picture elements may have, as illustrated in following figure.

greater depth

As many number of type faces can be used in a single presentation, this concept of using many fonts in a single page is called

ransom-note topography.

may allow interactivity via a navigation system.

recorded presentation

Additive Color

red, green and blue (RGB).

or hues, consisting of combination of

red, green, and blue.

The light rays stimulate many thousands of specialized nerves called ____ and ___ that cover the surface of the retina.

rods and cones

Figure: The Windows Paint accessory provides

rudimentary bitmap editing

determines the frequency at which samples will be drawn for the recording.

sampling rate

is how often the samples are taken.

sampling rate

are generally used for headings.

sans serif fonts

is the little decoration at the end of a letter stroke.

serif

Typefaces of fonts can be described in many ways, but the most common characterization of a typeface is _____

serif and sans serif.

is the terminology used in the analog form,

sound

Any multimedia application consists any or all of the following components

text audio images animation video

are very important for communication in any medium.

text and symbols

is used to communicate information to the user.

text in the multimedia

what are the combination of Multimedia?

text, audio, graphics, animation, video, interactivity

There are different kinds of image formats in the literature.

the captured image format, and the stored image format.

Multimedia is a combination of content forms:

through audio, graphics, image, video and animation in addition to traditional media(text and graphics).

Lisa was introduced in 1983 and was the first computer to feature a graphical user interface (GUI) and a mouse, but it was not a commercial success due to its high price and limited software availability.

true

speaking directly to a person 1 on 1 is not a media because there's no mediation happening

true

is family of graphic characters that usually includes many type sizes and styles.

typeface

is a line that is described by the location of its two endpoints.

vector

When something vibrates in the air is moving back and forth it creates ?

wave of pressure.

Following is the list of software that can be used for editing and creating fonts:

x Fontographer x Fontmonger x Cool 3D text

Ogg Vorbis

*.OGG -

Real Player

*.RA -

for Macintosh Systems

*.SND

VOC Sound

*.VOC -

for Windows Systems

*.WAV

more accurately captures the high frequency content of your sound.

Sampling at higher rates

when was the internet/ smartphones with wifi

2001 - 2011

the digitized form of sound is called as _________

audio.

Following is the list of different software that can be used for recording and editing audio ;

3⁄4 Soundrecorder from Microsoft 3⁄4 Apple's QuickTime Player pro 3⁄4 Sonic Foundry's SoundForge for Windows 3⁄4 Soundedit16

Unicode uses about___________from all known languages and alphabets in the world.

65,000 characters

whether represented analog or digital plays a vital role in a multimedia.

: Images

programs have traditionally used vector-drawn object systems for creating the highly complex and geometric rendering needed by architects and engineers.

Computer-aided design (CAD)

a pop artist that organizes multimedia events (live performances) in (1967)

Andy Warhol

the pop artist, exploding plastic Inevitable

Andy Warhol (1967)

is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D artwork or model positions in order to create an illusion of movement.

Animation

can be used to make a text look gentle and blended.

Anti aliased

are some examples of sans serif font.

Arial, Optima, Verdana

he's idea to link connections or information called?

Associative Indexing

It is macromedia product, it is a specialized graphics editor for both Macintosh and Windows platforms. You can use it to create postscript, truetype and bitmapped fonts for Macintosh and Windows.

Fontographer:

The stages for multimedia application development are

Planning and costing, designing and producing, testing and delivery.

is perhaps the most element of multimedia. It can provide the listening pleasure of music, the startling accent of special effects or the ambience of a mood-setting background.

Audio and Sound

determines the accuracy with which a sound can be digitized.

Audio resolution

in Macintosh Systems

*.AIF, *.SDII

synonymous for interactive multimedia.

"rich media"

Sound It is meaningful _______ in any language, from a whisper to a scream.

"speech"

Several languages share a set of symbols that have a historically related derivation, the shared symbols of each language are unified into collections of symbols

(Called scripts).

If 8-bit integers are used to store each pixel value, the gray levels range from

0 (black) to 255 (white).

how many number of channels in monophonic.

1

One point is approximately

1/72 of an inch i.e. 0.0138.

when is Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) completed?

1945

what date that computer can't still combine a media?

1967

when did IBM release the first portable computers with monitor keyboards

1975

when the first portable computer released

1975 - 1979

when did the mainframe computers released

1980

when was the first personal computer released

1980 - 1987

when was the faster processors and more memory released

1988 - 1992

when was the cd/DVD or cd computer animation with visual reality

1993 - 2000

how many number of channels in stereo

2

is required for monochrome (black and white);

A one-dimensional matrix

sound format for Macintosh sound files

AIFF

is the 7 bit character coding system most commonly used by computer systems in the United states and abroad.

ASCII Character set

is the branch of physics that studies sound.

Acoustics

a color is created by combining colored light sources in three primary colors: red, green and blue (RGB). This is the process used for a TV or computer monitor

Additive Color

The abilities and feature of image-editing programs for both the Macintosh and Windows range from simple to complex.

Bitmap Software

are used for photo-realistic images and for complex drawing requiring fine detail.

Bitmaps

is a high-definition optical disc format that was introduced in 2006 as a successor to DVD.

Blu-ray

The image format is specified by two main parameters: spatial resolution, which is specified as pixelsxpixels (eg. 640x480)and color encoding, which is specified by bits per pixel. Both parameter values depend on hardware and software for input/output of images.

Captured Image Format

The image that is seen on a computer monitor is digital bitmap stored in video memory, updated about every 1/60 second or faster, depending upon monitor's scan rate.

Capturing and Editing Images

Following are typical methods for a word searching in hypermedia systems:

Categories, Word Relationships, Adjacency, Alternates, Association, Negation, Truncation, Intermediate words, Frequency.

is a vital component of multimedia.

Color

Much of the electronic old and new media utilized by commercial artists is multimedia. Exciting presentations are used to grab and keep attention in advertising.

Commercial

computer literate skills in graphic art and design are vital to the success of a multimedia project.

Competent,

Software used for creating images

Coreldraw MSPaint Autocad

use multimedia for a variety of purposes ranging from fine arts, to entertainment, to commercial art, to journalism, to media and software services provided for any of the industries listed below.

Creative industries

A few application areas of multimedia are listed below:

Creative industries Commercial Entertainment and Fine Arts, Education Engineering Industry, Mathematical and Scientific Research, Medicine, Multimedia in Public Places

The final stage of the multimedia application development is to pack the project and deliver the completed project to the end user. This stage has several steps such as implementation, maintenance, shipping and marketing the product.

Delivering

: The next stage is to execute each of the planned tasks and create a finished product.

Designing and Producing

There are different kinds of image formats in the literature. We shall consider the image format that comes out of an image frame grabber, i.e., the captured image format, and the format when images are stored, i.e., the stored image format.

Digital Image Format

Some programs allow you to process the signal with reverberation, multitap delay, and other special effects using DSP routines.

Digital Signal Processing:

is created when a sound wave is converted into numbers - a process referred to as digitizing.

Digital audio

has supplanted analog video as the method of choice for making video for multimedia use.

Digital video

is sampled sound.

Digitized sound

he was another computer pioneer who was ahead of his time

Douglas Engelbart

he works on collaborative hypermedia systems, which lead the way of current interactive multimedia approaches

Douglas Engelbart

who was credited with inventing office automation

Douglas Engelbart 1960

multimedia is used to produce computer-based training courses (popularly called CBTs) and reference books like encyclopedia and almanacs.

Education,

what is the first computer?

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)

Software engineers may use multimedia in Computer Simulations for anything from entertainment to training such as military or industrial training.

Engineering

In addition, multimedia is heavily used in the entertainment industry, especially to develop special effects in movies and animations.

Entertainment and Fine Arts

allow you to modify a recording frequency content so that it sounds brighter or darker.

Equalization:

what is the first event that Andy Warhol organize?

Exploding Plastic Inevitable

Another simple manipulation is to reverse all or a portion of a digital audio recording. Sounds can produce a surreal, other wordly effect when played backward.

Reversing Sounds:

In some cases your digital audio editing software might read a format different from that read by your presentation or authoring program.

Format Conversion:

many image formats already use compression within the file itself - for example,

GIF, JPEG, and PNG.

GUI stands for

Graphical User Interface

can be considered as one type of particular multimedia application.

Hypermedia

Two Buzzwords used often in hypertext are link and node. Links areterm-72 connections between the conceptual elements, that is, the nodes that ma consists of text, graphics, sounds or related information in the knowledge base.

Hypermedia Structures:

Multimedia is the combination of text, graphic, and audio elements into a single collection or presentation - becomes interactive multimedia when you give the user some control over what information is viewed and when it is viewed.

Hypermedia and Hypertext:

is a two-dimensional matrix,

I

is the intensity value at the position corresponding to row r and column c of the matrix.

I(r,c)

was one of the first portable computers, weighing around 50 pounds and featuring a 5-inch CRT display.

IBM 5100

multimedia is mainly used for modeling and simulation.

In Mathematical and Scientific Research,

In the Industrial sector, multimedia is used as a way to help present information to shareholders, superiors and coworkers.

Industry

what is called if you combine two or more media?

Interactive Multimedia

Multimedia applications that allow users to actively participate instead of just sitting by as passive recipients of information are called

Interactive Multimedia.

progresses without any navigation control for the viewer such as a cinema presentation.

Linear active content

are connections between the conceptual elements,

Links

in 1983, apple company released the first desktop computer named?

Lisa

is the quickest, easiest and most flexible tool for this task.

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)

is a communication standard developed for electronic musical instruments and computers.

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)

- used by north Macintosh and Windows

MIDI files

allow music and sound synthesizers from different manufacturers to communicate with each other by sending messages along cables connected to the devices.

MIDI files

is also useful to simply the creation of musical scores.

MIDI keyboard

*.- MP3 audio

MP3

__________you can choose one of the several sounds for the system alert.

Macintosh

in 1984, apple released the first commercially successful computer with a GUI.

Macintosh

To make your text look pretty you need a toolbox full of fonts and special graphics applications that can stretch, shade, color and anti-alias your words into real artwork. Pretty text can be found in bitmapped drawings where characters have been tweaked, manipulated and blended into a graphic image.

Making Pretty Text:

Still images may be small or large, or even full screen. Whatever their form, still images are generated by the computer in two ways: as bitmap (or paint graphics) and as vector-drawn (or just plain drawn) graphics.Still images may be small or large, or even full screen. Whatever their form, still images are generated by the computer in two ways: as bitmap (or paint graphics) and as vector-drawn (or just plain drawn) graphics.

Making Still Images

the message of the medium

Marshall Mcluhan (1954)

doctors can get trained by looking at a virtual surgery or they can simulate how the human body is affected by diseases spread by viruses and bacteria and then develop techniques to prevent it.

Medicine,

are participating in the development of this standard and Microsoft and Apple have incorporated Unicode into their operating system.

Microsoft, Apple, Sun, Netscape, IBM, Xerox and Novell

Formula for determining the size of the digital audio in Monophonic

Monophonic = Sampling rate * duration of recording in seconds * (bit resolution / 8) * 1

Macintosh systems use _____ as default file format for audio.

SND

It has found a variety of applications right from entertainment to education.

Multimedia

also refers to the use of electronic media to store and experience multimedia content.

Multimedia

has become an inevitable part of any presentation.

Multimedia

is a woven combination of text, audio, video, images and animation.

Multimedia

is the media that uses multiple forms of information content and information processing (e.g. text, audio, graphics, animation, video, interactivity) to inform or entertain the user.

Multimedia

may be used in a physical environment with special effects, with multiple users in an online network, or locally with an offline computer, game system, or simulator.

Multimedia games and simulations

may be viewed in person on stage, projected, transmitted, or played locally with a media player.

Multimedia presentations

When developing multimedia, it is helpful to have more than one monitor, or a single high-resolution monitor with lots of screen real estate, hooked up to your computer.

Multiple Monitors

Able to edit and combine multiple tracks and then merge the tracks and export them in a final mix to a single audio file.

Multiple Tasks:

content offers user interactivity to control progress as used with a computer game or used in self-paced computer based training.

Non-linear content

This stage of multimedia application is the first stage which begins with an idea or need. This idea can be further refined by outlining its messages and objectives. Before starting to develop the multimedia project, it is necessary to plan what writing skills, graphic art, music, video and other multimedia expertise will be required.

Planning and Costing

Graphic artists designing for print media use vector-drawn objects because the same mathematics that put a rectangle on your screen can also place that rectangle on paper without jaggies. This requires the higher resolution of the printer, using a page description language such as __________

PostScript.

are a method of describing an image in terms of mathematical constructs (Bezier curves), so it is used not only to describe the individual characters of a font but also to describe illustrations and whole pages of text.

Postscript fonts

is fairly straight forward. If you have analog source materials - music or sound effects that you have recorded on analog media such as cassette tapes.

Preparing digital audio files

also use vector-drawn graphics.

Programs for 3-D animation

When the images are assembled for multimedia project, it may often be needed to capture and store an image directly from screen. It is possible to use the __________ key available in the keyboard to capture a image.

Prt Scr

learned by many of us to remember the colors of the rainbow,

ROY G. BIV,

The method for digitally encoding the high quality stereo of the consumer CD music market is an instrument standard, ISO 10149.

Red Book Standard

: If you have recorded and edited your sounds at 16 bit sampling rates but are using lower rates you must resample or downsample the file.

Resampling or downsampling

Following are typical methods for a word searching in hypermedia systems: Categories, Word Relationships, Adjacency, Alternates, Association, Negation, Truncation, Intermediate words, Frequency.

Searching for words:

The time span of the recording is measured in?

Seconds

It is a very difficult process to choose the fonts to be used in a multimedia presentation.

Selecting Text fonts

are generally used for body of the text for better readability

Serif fonts

based on history, 50,60,70's years ago there's already a multimedia.. in a form of?

Slide projector tape recorder

can translate the digital files of red book Audio format on consumer compact discs directly into a digital sound editing file, or decompress MP3 files into CD-Audio.

Software such as Toast and CD-Creator from Adaptec

perhaps the most important element of multimedia.

Sound

can be used to make your own type so you can communicate an idea or graphic feeling exactly. With these tools professional typographers create distinct text and display faces.

Special font editing tools

Using the same tools mentioned for trimming, you will probably want to remove the extraneous noises that inevitably creep into recording.

Splicing and Assembly:

Formula for determining the size of the digital audio in Stereo

Stereo = Sampling rate * duration of recording in seconds * (bit resolution / 8) * 2

are the important element of a multimedia project or a web site.

Still images

may be small or large, or even full screen.

Still images

may be the most important element of your multimedia project. If you are designing multimedia by yourself, put yourself in the role of graphic artist and layout designer.

Still images

When we store an image, we are storing a two-dimensional array of values, in which each value represents the data associated with a pixel in the image. For a bitmap, this value is a binary digit.

Stored Image Format

a new color is created by combining colored media such as paints or ink that absorb (or subtract) some parts of the color spectrum of light and reflect the others back to the eye.

Subtractive Color

is the process used to create color in printing.

Subtractive color

are used in printers and additive color concepts are used in monitors and television.

Subtractive colors

ensure the product to be free from bugs. Apart from bug elimination another aspect of testing is to ensure that the multimedia 8 application meets the objectives of the project. It is also necessary to test whether the multimedia project works properly on the intended deliver platforms and they meet the needs of the clients.

Testing :

is the amount of information stored. This is called as ___________, 2 answer

The sample size, bit resolution.

Advanced programs let you alter the length of a sound file without changing its pitch. This feature can be very useful but watch out: most time stretching algorithms will severely degrade the audio quality.

Time Stretching:

are some fonts which comes under serif category.

Times, Times New Roman, Bookman

: Removing dead air or blank space from the front of a recording and an unnecessary extra time off the end is your first sound editing task.

Trimming

the memex system was not implemented however it was the foundation of the multimedia right now

True

Apple and Microsoft announced a joint effort to develop a better and faster quadratic curves outline font methodology, called

TrueType

is beyond the higher end of the visible spectrum and can be damaging to humans.

Ultraviolet light,

makes use of 16-bit architecture for multilingual text and character encoding.

Unicode

is an extension of multimedia-it uses the basic multimedia elements of imagery, sound, and animation. Because it requires instrumented feedback from a wired-up person, VR

VR

he develops the memex system in 1945

Vannevar Bush

he is an American computer scientist, the idea of ways to link information

Vannevar Bush

he saw the potential of storing information with built-in connection to other data.

Vannevar Bush

Most multimedia authoring systems provide for use of vector-drawn objects such as lines, rectangles, ovals, polygons, and text.

Vector Drawing

combination of Interactive multimedia

graphics animation photos sound video text

are used for lines, boxes, circles, polygons, and other graphic shapes that can be mathematically expressed in angles, coordinates, and distances.

Vector-drawn objects

used to portray real time moving pictures in a multimedia project.

Video in multimedia

If you are trying to assemble ten different recordings into a single track there is a little chance that all the segments have the same volume.

Volume Adjustments:

In Windows system sounds are ___________

WAV files

Windows makes use of ___________ as the default file format for audio

WAV files

*. -windows media player

WMA

Most academic related text such as journals, e-magazines are available in the?

Web Browser readable form.

Macintosh commercial phrase

What you see is what you get

In order to make a multimedia presentation look elegant and complete, it is necessary to spend ample amount of time to design the ________ and the _______

graphics , layouts.

in any form, spoken or written, are the most common system of communication.

Words and symbols

(we encode here the "color" of the image).

gray scale levels

It is possible to digitize sound from a

a microphone, a synthesizer, existing tape recordings, live radio and television broadcasts, and popular CDs.

a color is created by combining colored lights sources in three primary colors: red, green and blue (RGB).

additive color model,

Multimedia finds its application in various areas including, but not limited to,

advertisements, art, education, entertainment, engineering, medicine, mathematics, business, scientific research and spatial, temporal applications.

they are represented by the numbers 0 and 1; such images are called

binary-valued images.

is a simple information matrix describing the individual dots that are the smallest elements of resolution on a computer screen or other display or printing device.

bitmap

still images are generated by the computer in two ways:.

bitmap and vector-drawn

collection may contain a random assortment of images, or it may contain a series of graphics, photographs, sound, and video related to a single topic.

clip art

is a noisy mixture of all the color frequencies in the visible spectrum.

color white

acts as a lens to focus light rays onto the retina.

cornea of the eye

Subtractive Color

cyan, magenta and yellow (CMY).

is actually the ratio between a chosen reference point on a logarithmic scale and the level that is actually experienced.

decibel measurement

Sound pressure levels are measured in _____

decibels (db);

is represented by a matrix of numeric values each representing a quantized intensity value.

digital image

Multimedia systems finds a wide variety of applications in different areas such as

education, entertainment

Non-linear content is also known as _________

hypermedia content.

When text is stored in a computer instead of on printed pages the computer's powerful processing capabilities can be applied to make the text more accessible and meaningful. This text can be called as _______

hypertext.

what are the categories of multimedia

into linear and non-linear categories.

Most multimedia authoring systems provide for use of vector-drawn objects such as

lines, rectangles, ovals, polygons, and text.

Two Buzzwords used often in hypertext are ____ and _____

link and node

may allow interactivity via interaction with the presenter or performer.

live multimedia presentation

Multimedia presentations can be ?

live or recorded

channel of communication, mass communication, means of communication

media

what system concept for today's systems or phones, computers.

memex system

Douglas Engelbart invented the office automation devices such as?

mouse keyboard multiple window screen electronic mail video conferencing

consists of text, graphics, sounds or related information in the knowledge base.

nodes

location. If there are just two intensity values, for example, black, and white, they are represented by the

numbers 0 and 1;

spreadsheet or word processor

office automation

The points at which an image is sampled are known as picture elements, commonly abbreviated as

pixels.

The size of a text is usually measured in ____

points.