Muscles

Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is NOT innervated by CN III?

Lateral rectus (The lateral rectus is innervated by CN VI (abducens nerve).)

inferior rectus

The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "A" represent?

inferior oblique

The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "E" represent?

The deltoid does all of the following actions on the shoulder and arm EXCEPT

adduction (it does flexion, extension, abduction)

Synergists aid the ______ in producing a joint movement and are often smaller or mechanically disadvantaged compared to the prime mover.

agonist

iliopsoas

Which structure is highlighted?

psoas major

Which structure is highlighted?

quadriceps femoris

Which structure is highlighted?

sternocleidomastoid

Which structure is highlighted?

trapezius

Which structure is highlighted?

Of the following muscles of the thigh, which one does NOT pull the leg forward?

X biceps femoris rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medialis vastus intermedius

During inspiration, the diaphragm ______

contracts

All of the following muscles are rotators of the arm. Which is a lateral rotator of the arm?

deltoid

The large superficial abdominal muscle that flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall is the ____________

external oblique

The leg muscles in the lateral compartments are ____________.

evertors and weak plantar flexors

Contracting the trapezius muscle would

extend and laterally flex the neck.

Agonists and antagonists are relative to the action that is occurring as exemplified by knee ______ where the quadriceps are agonists and the hamstrings are the antagonists. However, during knee _____ this relationship flips.

extension; flexion

When the diaphragm contracts, the vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity ______

increase

Which of the following represents a class I lever system?

hyperextension of the head

Suprahyoid Muscles

Digastric Geniohyoid Mylohyoid Stylohyoid

Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

Hamstrings

external oblique

Label muscle "C" on the diagram.

rectus abdominis

Label muscle "D" on the diagram.

linea alba

Label structure "B" on the diagram.

Infrahyoid Muscles

Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis

Rotator cluff

Which of the following muscles is the longest muscle in the body, and is nicknamed the "tailor's muscle" because it flexes and laterally rotates the thigh while also flexing and medially rotating the leg (helping us to sit cross-legged, as tailors used to do)?

Sartorius (The sartorius is the longest muscle in the body and is nicknamed the "tailor's muscle" because it helps us to sit cross-legged, as tailor's used to do.)

56. Drag each label to the box indicating the correct muscle compartment or bone.

The compartments of the distal upper extremity include the superficial anterior, deep anterior, and posterior regions. The muscles of the anterior chamber all act to flex the wrist (and usually include the term "flexor" in their name) while the muscles of the posterior chamber act to extend the wrist (and thus include the term "extensor") in their name.

55. Drag each label to the appropriate box indicating the correct structure.

The compartments of the upper portion of the upper arm include the posterior, composed of the triceps groups (involved with extension), and two anterior compartments (both flexors). The biceps brachii comprises the superficial anterior compartment and has multiple functions, while the brachialis only flexes the elbow.

54. Label the appropriate box indicating the correct muscle group or structure.

The three major compartments of the upper leg include muscles associated with knee extension (anterior), knee flexion (posterior), and hip adduction (medial). The rectus femoris and sartorius from the anterior chamber also flex the hip, whereas the hamstrings of the posterior group extend the hip.

57. The transverse sections below show muscle groups in the upper and lower limbs. Drag each label to the appropriate sectioned image.

Transverse (cross) sections through the appendages allow for viewing muscular groups and similar functions.

The most powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow is the

brachialis (The brachialis, which lies deep to the biceps brachii on the anterior side of the humerus is the most powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow.)

The muscle that compresses the cheek against the teeth when we chew is the ____________.

buccinator (The buccinator is the muscle that presses the cheeks against the teeth when we chew, and is the reason our cheeks don't "bulge out" when we eat. In addition, infants use the buccinator when they suckle.)

The __________ in the female erects the clitoris and in the male constricts the urethra and erects the penis.

bulbospongiosus

In a __________ lever system, the fulcrum is located between the pull and the weight.

class I

In a __________ lever system, the weight is located between the fulcrum and the pull.

class II

In a __________ lever system, the pull is located between the fulcrum and the weight.

class III

When the diaphragm contracts, it ______ the abdominal cavity.

compresses

The omohyoid, sternohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles all function to

depress the hyoid bone. (The omohyoid, sternohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles all function to depress the hyoid bone. The stylohyoid elevates the hyoid bone. The mylohyoid also elevates the hyoid bone as well as elevates the floor of the mouth. The digastric depresses the mandible, and elevates the hyoid bone.)

The leg muscles in the anterior compartments are ____________.

dorsiflexors and toe extensors

Contraction of the inferior rectus muscle directs the pupil to look

down

The abdominal wall muscle that forms the inguinal ligament is the _______________.

external oblique (The external oblique is the large superficial muscle sheet that forms the inguinal ligament.)

Which of the following muscles is found in the lateral compartment of the leg?

fibularis longus

During controlled movements, it is necessary to stabilize accessory joints which is the job of muscles referred to as _____.

fixators

Which of the following muscles is used when walking on your tiptoes?

gastrocnemius

The bulge of the calf is caused by the ___ and___ muscles.

gastrocnemius; soleus

The biceps femoris is part of the

hamstrings

The rotator cuff muscles

hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa of the scapula.

The middle muscle sheet that flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall is the ____________

internal oblique

The __________ elevates the anus and supports the pelvic viscera.

levator ani

The collection of muscles in the pelvic floor that function to support the pelvic viscera and act as a sphincter at the anorectal junction, urethra, and vagina is the:

levator ani

The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the

levator ani and coccygeus muscles.

The collection of muscles in the pelvic floor that function to support the pelvic viscera and act as a sphincter at the anorectal junction, urethra, and vagina is the

levator ani.

Which muscle will elevate the scapula?

levator scapulae

The subscapularis has the following action on the shoulder and arm:

medial rotation

Raising the eyebrows is the action of the _____ muscles.

occipitofrontalis

A muscle that produces the ______ ______ as the prime mover and thus opposes the joint action caused by the prime mover is known as an antagonist.

opposite action

Closing or puckering the lips is the action of the _____ muscle.

orbicularis oris

The less movable attachment of a muscle is called its _______.

origin.

The muscles in the posterior compartment are ____________.

plantar flexors and flexors of the leg and toes

The paired anterior and medial surface muscles that flex the vertebral column and compress the abdominal wall are the ____________

rectus abdominis

The abdominal muscle that extends vertically the entire length of the anteromedial abdominal wall and forms the traditional "six pack" is the

rectus abdominis.

When an intramuscular injection is given in the anterior aspect of the thigh, the injection is in the

rectus femoris

Which muscle retracts, rotates, and fixes the scapula?

rhomboideus major

Contracting the right sternocleidomastoid muscle would

rotate the head toward the left.

The muscle that is used to cross the legs is the

sartorius

Which muscle plantar flexes the foot?

soleus

The muscle that has its insertion on the mastoid process and has a bilateral action of flexing the neck is the _____________.

sternocleidomastoid (Bilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle flexes the neck.)

The thenar muscles are involved in controlling the ____; the hypothenar muscles control the ____.

thumb; little finger

Of the following muscles of the leg, which one is on the anterior side of the leg?

tibialis anterior

A prime mover (agonist) is the name given to a muscle producing the majority of the _____ during a joint movement

torque (force)

The deepest of the muscle sheets that functions to flex the abdominal wall and the vertebral column is the ____________

transverse abdominis

The diaphragm helps return ______ blood to the heart from the inferior half of the body.

venous

If abdominal muscles are contracted while the vertebral column is fixed this will aid in

vomiting. childbirth. urination. defecation.

Which muscle is the most powerful muscle of mastication, and functions to elevate and protract the mandible?

Masseter (The masseter is the most powerful of the masticatory muscles, and functions to elevate and protract the mandible.)

Rectus femoris Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis

Quadriceps

pectoralis major

What does "B" represent?

serratus anterior

What does "C" represent?

supination of forearm

What is the action of the supinator muscle?