Music 351 sdsu midterm
quiz 5
7."Planet Rock" influenced later musical genres such as house and trance ◦True 8.Only one member of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five actually performs on "The Message" ◦True 9.____ was a WWII invention which was put to civilian use in recording after the war ◦Magnetic tape 10.The Roland TR-808 is a drum synthesizer ◦True 1.A sample is an excerpt from a musical recording that is used in another artist's recording ◦True 2.Sampling and interpolation are the same thing ◦False 3.What is the subject matter of the song " Strange Fruit" ◦Lynching 4.A device that creates sounds electronically through the use of voltage-controlled amplifiers and filsters is called a ◦Synthesizer 5.Which of the following figures was mentioned in the song "How We Gonna Make The Black Nation Rise" ◦Martin Luther King Jr. ◦Marcus Garvey ◦Elijah Muhammed 6.Who invented the phonograph ◦Thomas Ediso
measure
A collection of beats arranged into regular patterns
fill
A short musical passage, riff, or rhythmic sound which helps to sustain the listener's attention during a break between the phrases of a melody (MC technique)
crossover
A song that originates in one segment of the music market but achieves success in one or more other segments
freeze
A still pose within a dance sequence performed by b-boys
cross-fader
A transitional slide control on a DJ mixer for fading in one input channel while fading out another
multi-track
A way to record a complex musical piece by dividing it into simple tracks and combining the tracks during playback
2.sample
An excerpt from a musical recording that is used in another artist's recording 1.interpolation- using a melody (or portions of a melody) from a previously recorded song, but re-recording the melody instead of sampling it.
black power movement
a movement among black Americans emphasizing racial pride and social equality through the creation of their political and cultural institutions. Fight for racial independence and empowering the black community
cover
a new performance or recording of a previously recorded, commercially released (or unreleased) song, by someone other than the original artist (Tutti Frutti, by Little Richard, redone by Pat Boone)
break (breakdown)
the most persuasive or rhythmically complex sections of songs
Jocko Henderson
was a radio DJ with a "patter" style delivery who influenced early hip hop MCs
great migration
◦1916-1930) Blacks moving from the south to the north during WWI. Almost 3.5 million southern blacks migrated due to social and economic factors (physical danger, inequality in education, suffrage, and laws). It was the first time there was a demand for black workers since the emancipation.
backspin (backspinning)
◦A DJ technique in which the DJ stops the record with his/her hand and reverses its direction to replay that portion of the record ◦This technique is credited to Grandmaster Flash, who originally called it quick mix theory
6.synthesizer
◦A device that creates sounds electronically through the use of voltage-controlled amplifiers and filters
3.The Jimmy Castor Bunch, "It's Just Begun" (1972)
◦A lot of break beats ◦Popular with breakers ◦Saxophone
jazz
◦A musical tradition that developed early in the 20th century in African American communities ◦Mixing African and European musical traditions, Jazz is characterized by syncopation, melodic and harmonic elements derived from the blues, cyclical formal structures, and a rhythmic approach to phrasing knowns as swing
jeli
◦A musical tradition that developed early in the 20th century in African American communities ◦Mixing African and European musical traditions, Jazz is characterized by syncopation, melodic and harmonic elements derived from the blues, cyclical formal structures, and a rhythmic approach to phrasing knowns as swing
5.syncopation
◦A placement of rhythmic stresses or accents where they wouldn't normally occur ◦Emphasis on offbeats.
11.throw-up
◦A quickly drawn piece with one or two colors and bubble lettering
dis rap (answer rap, response rap, diss rap)
◦A style of rap music with roots in "ritual dueling" ◦Dis rap allowed unknown rappers to "answer" or lyrically challenge established rappers ◦An MC battle in the recording studio ◦Roxanne Shante- responded to or "answered"UTFO's song "Roxanne Roxanne," and launched the concept of 'dis rap. ◦AKA answer rap, response rap, diss rap
boasting
◦African American verbal art genre in which a performer praises or brags about personal attributes, material possessions, and verbal and technical skills ◦Boasting is a subcategory of storytelling and is related to toasting ◦Influences 1.Jamaican toasting 2.African American church traditions 3.Scat singing and the vocal styles developed in Jazz 4.Spoken interludes in R&B songs 5.Radio DJs 6.Recordings by lack Arts Movement poets 7.Risqué or "blue" recordings
13.toasting
◦African American verbal art genre; praises about an antiauthority, heroic figure; toasts can be an enactment recasting, or exaggeration of an actual event
17.Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, "The Message" (1983)
◦Although it is credited to the entire group, Melle Mel is the only one on the record because it had social commentary and painted a grim picture of urban life. The group was into partying and women
10.the dozens
◦An African American form of verbal dueling; a game of ritualized insults ◦Also known as capping, cracking, ranking, signifying, snapping
14.top rock (top rockin')
◦B-Boying technique that is performed standing upright
18.all-city
◦Being known for one's graffiti throughout a whole city; originally referred to all five burroughs of New York City
8.Blondie, "Rapture" (1980)
◦Blondie- an American rock group founded by guitarist Chris Stein and vocalist Debbie Harry in 1974. Often classified as a "New Wave" band. Music included musical elements from many genres including disco, punk, pop, rap, and reggae ◦Rapture- New wave and first song to incorporate a rap to original music (rather than rapping over pre-existing music) and the first to reach the number one position on the music charts.Name checks graffiti artist Fab 5 Freddy and DJ Grandmaster Flash and refers to graffiti, and hip hop block parties. LeeQuiñones and Jean-Michel Basquiat also appear the video
beat-juggling
◦Creating a new rhythmical composition by using two records and manipulating the arrangements of the elements (drum sounds, etc.)
dj
◦Disc jocky ◦one of the 4 elements of hip hop ◦battled for best mixes ◦"party organizer" 1.pioneer DJ'S 1.Grandmaster Flash 2.Kool Herc 3.Afrika Bambaataa 4.Jocko Henderson (1918-2000)
9.Kurtis Blow, "The Breaks" (1980)
◦First rap record ◦Unusual written materials written for it ◦"The Breaks" is repeated a lot ◦Most viable solo artists in the first forms of hiphop and rap ◦Kurtis Blow- original music and rap's first gold record. Says the word "break" eighty times to not forget the name of the song and has seven breakdowns. It was the first rap to become a gold record. ◦Kurtis Blow- referred to as one of the first solo rap artist, making a career out of rapping. He was managed by Russell Simmons and was the first rapper to sign with a major label (Mercury Records).
black panther party
◦Founded by Bobby Seale and Heuy Newton, this party was a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization active in the U.S. from 1966-1982. They fought for racial independence, empowered the black community, and provided protection with weapons ◦A ragae consisting of several black panthers ◦J. Edgar Hoover- head of the FBI who saw the Black Panther Party as the greatest internal threat
black spades
◦Gang based on Reputation, Respect, and Retaliation. Originally the Savage 7 and had Afrika Bambaataa as a member. ◦dSavage 7- Gang between the ages of 12 and 18 and later became the black spades
4.Gil Scott-Heron, "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised" (1970, 1971)
◦Influenced by The Last Poets ◦Spoken word performance by Gil Scott-Heron (American poet, musician, and author) that played a role in the black power movement. ◦The song is a commentary of the socio-political atmosphere in the United States in the post-Civil Rights decade of the 1960s. Title refers to a slogan from the 1960's
1.Fatback Band, "King Tim III (Personality Jock)" (1979)
◦King Tim III (Personality Jock)- Created by The Fatback Band, originally titled "Catch the Beat," it was released a week before "Rapper's Delight" as the first hip hop record. The DJ was not a part of the band
graffiti
◦Markings, as initials, slogans, or drawings, written, spray-painted, or sketched on and in a public space such as a sidewalk, wall of a building, public restroom ◦Tag- artist's name on work
15.universal zulu nation
◦Originally the Bronx River Organization, its leading member was Afrika Bambaataa (Kevin Donnovan- believed in self actualiztion). It arose in the 1970's as reformed New York City gang members began to organize cultural events for youths, combining local dance and music movements. "don't start trouble, let trouble come to you, then fight like hell.
gospel
◦Religious music of African Americans that emerged in urban centers during the early decades of the 20th century
3.scratch (scratching)
◦Rotating and applying pressure to a record back and forth against the needle to create a rhythmic pattern ◦Created by Grand Wizard Theodore.
7.Roxanne Shante, "Roxanne's Revenge" (1984)
◦Roxanne Shante- responded to or "answered"UTFO's song "Roxanne Roxanne," and launched the concept of 'dis rap.'Made two versions because the first one was too profane. Meant to show that woman should not be taken advantage of, and were just as good lyrically as any of the guys.
15.Afrika Bambaataa & Soul Sonic Force, "Planet Rock" (1982)
◦Samples German group ◦Electro-Funk ◦First song to use the Roland TR-808 drum machine ◦Influence house and trance music ◦Termed synthesized sounds as "electric funk." ◦Features interpolations of the Kraftwerk songs "Trans Europe Express" and "Numbers."
8.tempo
◦Speed of a musical work, often identified by the number of beats per minute (bpm)
14.Treacherous Three, "The New Rap Language" (1980)
◦Speed rap ◦contains lyrics with more syllables per line than most other rap songs of its time
6.Lady B (Wendy Clark), "To the Beat Y'all" (1979)
◦Spread interest outside of New York ◦Played "Planet Rock" first on the radio ◦include set stories, "Jack and Jill went up a hill," "Superman and me had a fight," and boasting. Went on to be a gold record ◦Lady B- began her career as a DJ in Philadelphia and was the first to play "Planet Rock" on the radio (radio show: street beat). One of the first female MC's to release a record with "To the Beat Y'all". Ended up realizing that she would be better as a DJ rather than a recording artist.
13.Sugar Hill Gang, "Rapper's Delight" (1979)
◦Sugar Hill Gang (founded by Sylvia Robinson)- first rap record reach a wide audience and to make an impact on the listening public. The song was recorded in one take, using live musicians. Had legal issues with Nile Rodgers and Bernard Rogers, and were later added on as co-writers because the song Good Times was used
musique concrète
◦The compositional manipulation and arrangement of pre-recorded sounds from everyday life
1.rhythm
◦The systematic arrangement of musical sounds and silences, principally according to duration and periodic stress
17.writing
◦The term used by graffiti artists to describe the style of aerosol graffiti produced
9.texture
◦The way the melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic materials are combined in a composition
bomb
Cover as many subway cars with graffiti as possible
breaking (b-boying or b-girling):
Dance style developed by African American, Caribbean, and Latino youth in New York City in the early 1970s. AKA B-boying or B-girling.
lindy hop
Energetic partner dance that used different styles, drawing from other references. It included a lot of lifting and is related to swing.
16.Brother D with Collective Effort, "How We Gonna Make the Black Nation Rise?" (1980)
Famous figures mentioned: 1.MLK Jr. 2.Elijah Muhammad 3.Marcus Garvey ◦(Reggae label:Clappers Records) - first rap record to be explicitly political. Recorded to reflect the philosophy of an organization known as National Black Science. MC's are not named. Encourages listeners to be pacified but to stand up against racial and economic oppression.
dub
Instrumental-track version of a popular track, often placed on the flip side of a single, consisting of bass and drum (early reggae)
merry-go-round
Kool Herc's DJ technique of putting breakbeats together using two turntables
clock theory
Marking the record with a piece of tape or crayon to mark the return spot
mc
Master of ceremonies, also knowns as mic controller
race records
Music industry term used through the 1940s to designate recordings produced by and marketed to African Americans. (okeh record, victor records)
16.womanism
Term coined by the author and activist Alice Walker to visibility to the experience of African American women and other women of color who are part of a feminist movement but face other obstacles as a results of race or ethnicity
freestyle
The ability to improvise; for example, making up a verse or a series of dance moves on the spot
meter
The arrangement of rhythms in a repetitive pattern of strong and weak beats
footwork (floor rockin')
The intricate leg movements performed on the ground by a b-boy while supported by his arms
drop
The transition between top rockin' and floor rockin'
interpolation
Using a melody (or portions of a melody) from a previously recorded song, but re-recording the melody instead of sampling it
2.James Brown, "Funky Drummer" (1970)
-One of the most sampled rhythmic breaks (clyde stubblefield's drums) in hip hop -extended vamp./ostinato - two part single in 1970
quiz 2
1."Dis" (as in dis rap) is slang for district ◦False 2.An African American game of ritualized insults is known as ◦The Dozens 3.The members of the group Sequence were all women ◦True 4.The movement of African-Americans from the south to the north in the first half of the twentieth century is called ◦The Great Migration 5.Lady B is a radio DJ in ◦Philadelphia 6.Sylvia Robinson was the founder and owner of ◦Sugar Hill Records 7.Sylvia Robinson had an early career as an MC ◦False 8.Lady B is thought to be the first DJ to play "Planet Rock" on the radio ◦True 9.The building of the Cross Bronx Expressway negatively impacted neighborhoods in the Bronx ◦True 10.The Black Spades were a Black Power Movement organization ◦False
quiz 4
1.The way the melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic materials are combined in a composition is called ◦Texture 2.____ is considered the inventor of scratching ◦Grand Wizard Theodore 3.A ____ instrumental-track version of a popular track, often placed on the flip side of a single, consisting of bass and drum ◦Dub 4.Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five were the first hip hop group inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ◦True 5.To "freestyle" means to improvise ◦True 6.Matching ◦Syncopation 1.A placement of rhythmic stresses or accents where they wouldn't normally occur ◦Loop 1.A repeating section of sound material ◦Scratch 1.Rotating and applying pressure to a record back and forth against the needle to create a rhythmic pattern ◦Beat-Juggling 1.Creating a new rhythmical composition by using two records and manipulating the arrangements of the elements (drum sounds, etc.) ◦Call and Response 1.A performance practice in which a singer or instrumentalist makes a musical statement which is answered by another soloist, instrumentalist, or group
quiz 3
1.Which two hip hop figures does Blondie name-check in the song "Rapture" ◦Fab Five Freddy and Grandmaster Flash 2.Sampling and interpolation are the same thing ◦False 3.Graffiti writing on subway cars is illegal ◦True 4.B-Boying is highly choreographed ◦False 5.The term merry-go-round is associated with which of the following figures ◦Kool Herc 6.To cover a train with as many subway cars with graffiti as possible is known as ◦Bombing 7.Funky 4 + 1 was ◦The first hip hop group with a female MC ◦The first hip hop group to appear on a national television show 8.Taki 183 and DONDI were DJs ◦False 9.Blondie is known as a hip-hop group ◦False 10.A tag is the written nickname of a graffiti writer ◦True
quiz 1
1.____ was a radio DJ with a "patter" style delivery who influenced early hip hop MCs ◦Jocko Henderson 2.Meter is the speed of a music work ◦False 3.Which of the following record companies was NOT an R&B label from the 1960s? ◦OKeh 4.A musical phrase or pattern that repeats is called ◦All of the above: An ostinato, 5.Hip hop and rap are synonymous ◦False 6.Clyde Stbblefield's drum break from "Funky Drummer" is one of the most sampled rhythmic breaks in hip hop ◦True 7.____ is religious music of African-Americans that emerged in urban centers during the early decades of the 20th century ◦Gospel 8.Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements of hip hop? ◦Food 9.A song that is a hit in more than one segment of the music market is called ◦A crossover 10."Race Records" were marketed to white audiences ◦False
disco
A genre of dance music popular in the 1970s; the name is derived from "discotheque" the main venue for the consumption of the music
funk
A genre of music that became popular in the 1970s; the music blends soul, jazz, and R&B elements featuring strong rhythmic structures and de emphasizing melody and harmony
7.tag (tagging)
A graffiti signature; the written or painted nickname of the graffiti writer
ostinato (hook, riff)
A musical phrase or pattern that repeats. (riff, hook, vamp)
call and response
A performance practice in which a singer or instrumentalist makes a musical statement which is answered by another soloist, instrumentalist or group
beat
A regular pulse which lasts throughout a piece of music
loop
A repeating section of sound material
blues
A secular, predominantly black American folk music of the 20th century, which has a history and evolution separate from, but sometimes related to, that of Jazz
last poets
Formed on May 9, 1969, politically charged poetry, who used "the spoken word." AKA "proto hip hop." Song- "This is Madness"
10.Funky 4 + 1, "That's the Joint" (1981)
Funky 4 +1 (sugar Hill records)-first hip hop group to have a female MC and they were the first hip hop group to perform on a national television show (SNL 1981). The song features an interpolation of the song "Rescue Me" by A Taste of Honey. MC's take turns and come together over instrumental beats
4.soul
Gospel-influenced African American popular music style that began to emerge in the late 1950s and became popular during the 1960s
11.Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, "The Adventure of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" (1981)
◦Wheels of Steel are turntables ◦Grandmaster Flash-Originally from Barbados who uses his turntables as an instrument ◦First hip hop group inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Consisted of Grandmaster Flash (Joseph Saddler), Melle Mel (Melvin Glover), Cowboy (Keith Wiggins), Kidd Creole (Danny Glover), Rahiem (Guy Williams), and Mr.Ness/Scorpio (Eddie Morris) ◦First group inducted into the Rock n Roll hall of fame ◦Credit for backspinning
5.Afrika Bambaataa, "Zulu Nation Throwdown" (1980)
◦a recorded version of what one of the gatherings might have included with four different MCs introducing themselves and encouraging the crowd to participation and unity.
funky drummer
◦improvisational piece with an extended vamp by James Brown and Clyde Stubblefield as the drummer. Released as a two-part single in early 1970. ◦Clyde Stubblefield-his drum solo in "Funky Drummer" has become one of the most frequently sampled rhythmic breaks in hip hop.
12.Herbie Hancock, "Rockit" (1983)
◦purely instrumental and features Hancock, bassist Bill Laswell, and DJ Grandmixer D.ST (Derek Showard). ◦The instrumentation includes synthesizers, drum machines, a vocoder (an early version of today's autotune), and of course, a turntable. ◦Herbie Hancock- Along with Michael Jackson and Prince, he was one of the first black artists to get significant airplay on MTV
12.tin pan alley
◦street nickname in NY City where artists would make money for music. Started in the 50's, where all kinds of music gathered. Known as "Rag Time," it was the center of song writing.
