Music Appreciation Final

What does Cantus Firmus mean?

"Fixed Melody", usually of very long notes, often based on a fragment of Gregorian Chant, that served as the structural basis for a polyphonic composition particularly in the Renaissance

Describe the Idee Fixe.

"Fixed idea": term coined by Berlioz for a recurring musical idea that link different movements of a work.

What is a leitmotif?

"Leading motive", or basic recurring theme.

How many symphony's did Beethoven write?

9

What was the Council of Trent?

A council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trento in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 to examine and condemn the teachings of Martin Luther and other Protestant reformers; redefined the Roman Catholic doctrine and abolished various ecclesiastical abuses and strengthened the papacy

What is a ballet?

A dance form featuring a staged presentation of group or solo dancing with music, costumes, and scenery

What is a libretto and a librettist?

A libretto is the text or script of an opera, oratorio, cantata, or musical. A librettist is the author of the libretto.

What is a program symphony?

A multi-movement composition with extra-musical content that directs the attention of the listener to a literary or pictoral association

What is ground bass/basso ostinato?

A repeating melody, usually in the bass, throughout a vocal or instrumental composition.

What was the Counter Reformation?

A return to Christian piety, witnessed sweeping changes in the church. Initiated by the Protestant Reformation.

Define Aria.

An aria is a lyric song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, generally expressing intense emotion.

What is humanism?

An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters

What are the church modes?

Ancestors of modern scales, used in Gregorian chants

What type of works did Tchaikovsky compose?

Ballets, Operas, and Symphonies

Identify French Overture, AB.

Baroque instrumental introduction to an opera, ballet, or suite, in two sections: a slow opening followed by an Allegro, often with a brief reprise of the opening.

Identify Italian Overture, ABA.

Baroque overture consisting of three sections, fast slow fast.

What is a figured bass?

Baroque practice consisting of an independent bass line that often includes numerals indicating the harmony to be supplied by the performer.

What is the difference between Binary and Ternary?

Binary consists of two section of equal length, rounded off by a cadence each repeated (AABB). Ternary is composed of three parts (ABA)

Identify a cappella.

Choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment

What is a singspiel?

Comic German drama with spoke dialogue; the immediate predecessor of Romantic German opera.

What is a concerto? Include solo concerto and Concerto Grosso.

Concerto is an instrumental genre in several movements for solo instrument and orchestra. A concerto grosso is based on the opposition between a small group of solo instruments and orchestra.

Identify Renaissance.

Describes this phase of European history because many of the changes experienced between the 14th and 16th centuries were inspired by a revival of the classical art and intellect of Ancient Greece and Rome

What is organum?

Earliest kind of polyphonic music, which developed from the custom of adding voices above a plain chant.

What were the works written by Mozart?

Eine kleine Nachtmusik, Piano concerto in G Major, Dies Irae

What was the Doctrine of Affections?

Embraced the proposition that music is capable of arousing a variety of specific emotions within the listener.

Haydn is associated with?

Esterhazy

What does concerto delle donne mean?

Female vocal ensemble

What is a chanson?

French monophonic or polyphonic song, especially of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, set to either courtly or popular poetry

What is a lieder?

German for "song", associated with the solo art song of the nineteenth century and usually accompanied by a piano.

What is divertissement?

Grand genre of the French Baroque, characterized b spectacle and grandeur, intended for light entertainment and diversion.

What is a Florentine Camerata?

Group of men that met to discuss Opera, met in Florence.

What are neumes?

Group of notes

Identify lyric opera.

Hybrid form combining elements of grand opera and comic opera and featuring appealing melodies and romantic drama.

What is program music?

Incidental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations, especially popular in the nineteenth century.

What is a madrigal?

Italian -Short poems of reflective character, emotional words for weeping, sighing, trembling, and dying English -Set dramatic love poetry in serious, weighty works

What is basso continuo?

Italian for "continuous bass". Performance group with a chordal instrument (harpsichord, organ) and one bass melody instrument (cello, bassoon)

What are the Five Sung Prayers of the Mass?

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei

What is an oratorio?

Large scale dramatic genre originating in the Baroque, based on a text of religious or serious character, performed by solo voices, chorus, and orchestra.

What are Goliard songs?

Latin secular songs spread by the goliards

What does Da Capo Aria mean?

Lyric song in ternary, or ABA form, commonly found in operas, cantatas, and oratorios.

What does castrato mean?

Male singer who was castrated during boyhood to preserve his soprano or alto vocal register

What was the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther launched this movement. 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era

Wagner chose to base his early operas on?

Medieval German Epics

Name the time periods.

Middle ages: 450-1450 Renaissance: 1450-1600 Baroque Era: 1600-1750 Classical Era: 1750-1820 19th Century: 1820-1900

Identify Gregorian Chant/plainchant/plainsong.

Monophonic melody with a freely flowing unmeasured vocal line; liturgical chant of the Roman Catholic Church

What is incidental music?

Music written to accompany dramatic works

What is a word painting?

Musical pictorialization of words as an expressive device; a prominent feature of the Renaissance madrigal

What is exotcism?

Musical style in which rhythms, melodies, or instruments evoke the color and atmosphere of far off lands.

What is a tone poem?

One movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood.

Identify the different types of Operas. (Opera Buffo, Ballad Opera, Opera Comique, and Opera Seria)

Opera began in Florence, Italy. Opera Buffo - A male singer of comic roles (Italian is buffa) Ballad Opera - English comic opera Opera Comique- French comic opera, with some spoken dialogue Opera Seria- Tragic Italian Opera

What are dance forms, and identify each one.

Pavane, Galliard, Courante, Saltarello, Ronde, Gigue

What were the works written by Beethoven?

Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Symphony number 5

Chopin spent his early years in?

Poland

What is a fugue? (Subject/Counter-subject)

Polyphonic form popular in the Baroque era, in which one or more themes are developed by imitative counter pount

What does Barocco mean?

Portuguese word for irregularly shaped pearl

The leading composer of Italian Opera in the late Romantic era was?

Puccini

What was the Notre Dame School?

Refers to the group of composers working near or at Notre Dame, and the music they produced. (Gaude Maria virgo, 13th century. *Rejoice, Virgin Mary)

Which Verdi opera was commissioned for a performance in Cairo to mark the opening of the Suez Canal?

Rigoletto

What is a Requiem Mass?

Roman Catholic Mass for the Dead (This is what Mozart was writing when he died)

What does monophony mean?

Single line texture, or melody without accompaniment

What is a concert overture?

Single movement concert piece for orchestra, typically from the Romantic period and often based on a literary program.

What is a recitative?

Solo vocal declamation that follows the inflections of the text, often resulting in a disjunct vocal style, found in opera, cantata, or oratorio

What were the works written by Haydn?

String Quartet, Symphony 100

What is a grand opera?

Style in romantic opera developed in Paris, focusing on serious, historical plots with huge choruses, crowd scenes, elaborate dance episodes, ornate costumes, and spectacular scenery

In Berlioz' Symphonie fantastique, the idee fixe?

Symbolizes the beloved, recurs as required by the literary program, unifies the five movements which are diverse in character and mood.

What is homophony?

Texture with a principal melody and accompanying harmony, as distinct from polyphony.

Wagner's total artowrk, in which all the arts-music, poetry, drama, visual spectacle- are fused together is called?

The Gesamtkunstwerk

Identify the Oran, the Harpsichord, and the Clavichord.

The Harpsichord- keyboard instrument with strings that are plucked with quill. The Clavichord- keyboard instrument in which the strings are plucked with a metal blade.

Compare the Mass Proper and Mass Ordinary.

The Proper Mass has text that varies according to the day. Ordinary Mass remains the same in every mass.

Identify a classical symphony.

The symphony hold its in the Italian Opera overture. It is a genre designed to demonstrate the expressive capabilities of a full orchestra.

In Schubert's Elfking, the obsessive triplet rhythm of the piano accompaniment represents?

The wind, the terror in the boy's mind, and the galloping of the horses.

Define classic opera.

There are two types of Italian Opera, opera seria and opera buffa.

What is a piano forte?

This is the original name for the piano.

Identify the Baroque Suite.

This was a group of short dances performed by the diverse array of instruments. Water music.

Identify troubadours, trouveres, and jongleurs.

Troubadours-Medieval poet musicians in Southern France Trouveres -Medieval poet musicians in Nourthern France Jongleurs -Itinerant ministrel, sang his own songs

What does equal temperament mean?

Tuning system based on the division of the octave in to twelve equal half steps

What does polyphony mean?

Two or more melodic lines combined into a multi voiced texture, as distinct from monophonic

What is a Sonata da camera?

Used to describe a group of instrumental pieces set into 3 or 4 different movements

Which of the following was a widely beloved nationalist opera composer?

Verdi

Robert Schubert was born in?

Vienna

What is a cantata?

Vocal genre for solo singers, chorus, and instrumentalists based on a lyric or dramatic poetic narrative. Consists of several movement.

What does monody mean?

Vocal style established in the Baroque era, with solo singers, and instrumental accompaniment.

What are music dramas?

Wagner's term for his operas

What is a Sonata da chiesa?

an instrumental composition consisting of four movements. More than one melody was often used, and the movements were ordered slow fast slow fast