Music Appreciation Vocabulary Lesson 3

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psaltery

a plucked or struck string instrument

Motet

a polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than the ordinary of the mass; one of the two main forms of sacred Renaissance music

pipe

a tubular wind instrument

Ballata

an Italian poetic and musical form that originated as a dance-song with the structure A BB AA

shawm

an early double-reed woodwind instrument

recorder

an early flute

sackbut

an early trombone

viol

bowed string instrument

A cappella

choral music without instrumental accompaniment

troubadours and trouvères

French nobles that composed the first large body of secular songs surviving in decipherable notation in the 12th-13th centuries

hallelujah

Hebrew for praise ye the Lord

ars nova

Latin for new art

alleluia

a Latinized form of the Hebrew hallelujah

rebec

a bowed string instrument

pavane/passamezzo

a court dance in duple meter performed in pairs

galliard

a court dance in triple meter performed in pairs

estampie

a medieval dance

Choir

a performing group

Venetian school

composers of sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Venice who—inspired by the two widely separated choir lofts of St. Mark's Cathedral—often wrote music for several choruses and groups of instruments

Madrigal

composition for several voices set to a short secular poem, usually about love, combining homophonic and polyphonic textures and often using word painting; common in Renaissance music

Drone

consists of one or more long, sustained tones accompanying a melody

Mass ordinary

consists of texts that remain the same from day to day throughout the church year. The five sung prayers of the ordinary are the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei.

Ballett/fa-la

dancelike song for several voices, mostly homophonic in texture, with the melody in the highest voice and the syllables fa-la occurring as a refrain after each stanza; common in English Renaissance music

Measured rhythm

definite time values and clearly defined meter

cantus firmus

meaning fixed melody; a chant that is used as the basis for polyphony

Organum

medieval polyphony that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines

Gregorian chant

monophonic in texture and consists of melody set to sacred Latin texts and sung without accompaniment; Gregorian chant was the official music of the Roman Catholic church

Polychoral motet

motet for two or more choirs, often including groups of instruments

Word painting

musical representation of specific poetic images often found in Renaissance and baroque music

rondeau

one of the main poetic and musical forms in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century France

Lute

plucked string instrument shaped like half a pear; used in Renaissance and baroque music

School of Notre Dame

refers to Leonin and Perotin, two successive choirmasters of Notre Dame and the first notable composers known by name, and their followers

Mass

sacred choral composition made up of five sections: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei

Church modes

scales containing seven tones with an eighth tone duplicating the first an octave higher, but with patterns of whole and half steps different from major and minor scales; used in medieval, Renaissance, and twentieth-century music and in folk music

regal

small organs with reed pipes

jongleurs

wandering minstrels; juggler comes from this French word

cornett

wooden instrument with a cup-shaped mouthpiece


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