Neutron Stars and Black Holes - Chapter 22

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The mass range for neutron stars is:

1.4 to 3 solar masses.

Which of the following are attracted by gravity?

Antimatter, any object with mass, electromagnetic radiation, neutrino - All of the above

The observed slowing of a clock in the vicinity of a black hole is a prediction of:

General relativity.

What explanation does general relativity provide for gravity?

Gravity is the result of curved spacetime.

What would happen if more mass was added to a 1.4 solar mass neutron star?

It could eventually become a black hole, via a hypernova explosion.

Which of the following can actually escape from inside a black hole's event horizon?

None of the above

What compelling evidence links pulsars to neutron stars?

Only a small, very dense source could rotate that rapidly without flying apart.

A neutron star detectable by its rapid rotation and strong magnetic field is called a(n) ________.

Pulsar

What would happen if mass is added to a 1.4 solar mass white dwarf?

The star would erupt as a carbon detonation (type I) supernova.

What are X-ray bursters?

They are neutron stars on which accreted matter builds up, then explodes in a violent nuclear explosion.

A hypernova creates:

a black hole.

X-ray bursters occur in binary star systems. The two types of stars that must be present to make up such an object are:

a main sequence or giant star and a neutron star in a mass transfer binary.

Three terrestrial-sized planets in orbits of a fraction of an AU have been found near:

a millisecond pulsar.

Most pulsars have a measured mass of:

about 1.4 solar masses

The average density of neutron stars approaches:

about 1017 kg/m3, similar to the density of atomic nuclei.

A black hole may be visible because electromagnetic radiation is emitted from a(n) ________ surrounding it, heated up enough to emit X-rays.

accretion disk

If light from a distant star passes close to a massive body, the light beam will:

bend towards the star due to gravity.

Two important properties of young neutron stars are:

extremely rapid rotation and a strong magnetic field.

The densely packed neutrons of a neutron star cannot balance the inward pull of gravity if the total mass is:

greater than Schwartzschild's limit of 3 solar masses.

In the Lighthouse Model,

if the beam sweeps across us, we will detect a pulse of radiation.

Michelson and Morley demonstrated that the speed of light is ________ of the motion of the observer.

independent

The largest known black holes

lie in the cores of the most massive galaxies.

A method for identifying a black hole is to:

look for their effects on nearby companions.

In a neutron star, the core is:

made of compressed neutrons in contact with each other.

A normal neutron star is spun up to a millisecond pulsar by accretion of matter from a ________ binary companion.

mass transfer

As its name implies, in a(n) ________ star the protons and electrons are fused together and the charges eliminated via neutronization.

neutron

To which of these phenomena are X-ray busters most similar?

novae

A rapidly rotating compact star that emits a beam of energy like a cosmic lighthouse is usually found by observation at ________ wavelengths.

radio

The idea of rapidly rotating white dwarf stars to explain pulsars was immediately ruled out because such objects would not be ________ enough to spin that rapidly.

small

The rate of flashing of a pulsar is a measure of its ________.

spin or rotation

Pulsars:

spin very rapidly when they're young.

A gamma-ray burster emits a quantity of energy similar to that emitted in a _________.

supernova or supernova explosion.

If a neutron star attains a mass over ________ solar masses it becomes a black hole.

three

The Crab Nebula and its pulsar were produced by a ________ supernova.

type II or core-collapse

If the Sun were replaced by a one solar mass black hole:

we would still orbit it in a period of one year.

The key to identifying a black hole candidate in a binary system is that:

we would still orbit it in a period of one year.


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