true and false & other questions for final

Which of the following is not part of grounded theory? Analyses of patterns or Analyses of themes or Analyses of common categories or All of these choices or Analyses of patterns and analyses of themes

All of these choices

The final state of the research process is:

Application

A return-rate graph

Begins on the day the questionnaires were mailed.

Which of the following is NOT a means of assessing the reliability of measuring devices?

Construct-correlation

Grounded theory begins with _____.

Data collection

You were asked to participate in an experiment to test the effectiveness of review sessions on exam grades. As a research methods student you concluded that you had been assigned to the control group because you simply took the scheduled exams. Since you were in the control group you simply gave up and quit studying. This exemplifies:

Demoralization

Nonprobability sampling:

Denies the researcher the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

Among the requirements for the classical experimental design is a posttest measurement of the:

Dependent variables for both the experimental and control groups

To ensure a sufficient number of cases from strata of varying sizes researchers use:

Disproportionate sampling.

The unit about which information is collected and that provides the basis of analysis is called a(n):

Element

Even if a pre-existing measure of a construct of interest exists it is a better idea to create your own so you understand it better

FALSE

If a measure is reliable it must also be valid

FALSE

Precision and accuracy are synonyms

FALSE

The biasing effect of a particular question wording is easily anticipated

FALSE

The mean is a particularly useful statistic when there is great disparity in a distribution

FALSE

The use of an experimental group allows the researcher to control for the effects of the experiment itself.

FALSE

A confidence interval at the 68% confidence level will be larger than one constructed at the 95% confidence level

False

All forms of field research involve participant observation.

False

In multivariate analysis a second dependent variable is added

False

In reality only quasi-experimental designs can be used in evaluation research

False

One of the advantages of field research is that is raises very few ethical concerns.

False

Operationalization is not necessary in evaluation research

False

Quantitative research with a single researcher need not construct a codebook

False

Researchers ignore previous work on a topic so that their research can be original

False

The complete participant must always be a genuine member and participate in what he or she is studying.

False

Two variables that are highly correlated by definition have a causal relationship

False

We typically sample with replacement

False

Professor Smith gave an exam on Monday. On Wednesday Smith gave the same class the same exam. Professor Smith was clearly interested in assessing the exam's:

Reliability

When follow-ups are planned with mail surveys:

Response rates typically increase.

When performing evaluation researce creating one's own measure of a variable has all but which of the following benefits?

Saves time and resources

Without randomly assigning subjects a researcher administers the experimental stimulus to the experimental group and then measures the dependent variable in both the experimental and control groups. This design is known as the:

Static- group comparison

A summary description of a given variable in a survey sample is called a:

Statistic

Dr. Chang is conducting a research study of undergraduate students at her college. She wants to ensure an equal number of students from each grade level so she uses the list of all students provided by the registrar's office. From each list she randomly selects 50 students from each group. What strategy of sampling is Dr. Chang using?

Stratified sampling

In general a survey research is:

Strong on reliability and weak on validity.

A demonstrated lack of bias is more important than a high response rate.

TRUE

Experimental mortality encompasses more than just the death of participants.

TRUE

For the most part pre-experimental designs are simplified forms of the traditional experiment.

TRUE

It has been suggested that within a large enough experiment and with truly randomized assignment to experimental and control groups a pretest is unnecessary.

TRUE

Probes are used more frequently in open-ended questions than in closed-ended ones.

TRUE

Research assistants who are facilitating interview surveys should both be trained in the process of interviewing as well as the purposes of the study.

TRUE

Validity refers to the extent to which an empirical measure adequately reflects the real meaning of the concept under consideration

TRUE

Descriptive studies DO NOT:

Tell why something occurred

The difference between the experimental and control group should be:

That the experimental group receives the independent variable and the control group does not.

Jessica is concerned with the problem of reactivity in her study of a local diet group. Which of the following is NOT one of her reactivity concerns?

The members of the diet group might alter their lifestyles and behavior because they joined the group to lose weight.

A researcher examined newspaper editorials from papers published in major U.S. cities to determine what issues concerned readers. The unit of analysis in these cases are:

The newspaper editorials

A new law has been enacted increasing the penalty for drunk driving in order to reduce the number of alcohol related traffic fatalities. The number of fatalities one year before and after the law was enacted is measured as well as a count of the number of high-profile accidents. The experimental stimulus in this project would be: the new law. You are conducting a study of how effective a midnight basketball program is on reducing inner city juvenile crime. You measure the number of crimes reported to the police before and after the program is instituted and you compare your findings to the crime rates in another city of similar size that does not have such a program. What sort of evaluation design are you using?

The nonequivalent control group design

In general as sample size increases:

The standard error decreases in size.

Tyler finds that in burglary cases male and female jurors are equally likely to vote to acquit. Tyler should conclude that:

There is no relationship between gender and verdict in burglary cases.

A nominal variable is a discrete variable

True

A research proposal describes what you intend to accomplish and how

True

Another name for the experimental stimulus in evaluation research is program intervention

True

Case studies may be descriptive or explanatory.

True

Descriptive research answers the question "What so? And explanatory research answers the quest why?

True

If a population were perfectly homogeneous a single case could represent the entire population

True

Social indicators research often uses existing statistics

True

Reliability is:

a matter of whether a particular technique, applied repeatedly to the same object, would yield the same results each time

Classifying someone as employed or not employed treats employment as:

a nominal variable

Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for measurement in evaluation research? Dependent variable(s) The experimental context or The outcome(s) of the experiment or The independent variable(s) or All of these choices should be measured

all

An example of multivariate analysis would be:

an analysis of the relationship between age & sex and type of nightspot frequented in a given city in the Midwest.

Marco wants to conduct a research study to determine if students living on campus feel more or less safe than those who live off campus. At the most basic level he should use _____.

bivariate analysis

Rebecca was hired to determine what types of recreational programs teenagers wanted and would use in the town of Methods U.S.A. Rebecca was hired to conduct a:

needs assessment study.

The difference between just a case study and the extended case method involves:

testing social theory.

A study population is:

that aggregation of elements from which the sample is actually selected.

If a researcher wanted to know why there was a noticeable increase in number of burglaries in the town of South paw during 2005

the researcher would design a(n):, Explanatory study

For a causal relationship to exist

there must be evidence:, Of an empirical correlation between the variables, one variable precedes the other in time, and a third variable did not cause the change observed in the first two variables.

In contrast to interviews self-administered questionnaires have the advantage(s) of:

Handling sensitive issues more effectively if the surveys are anonymous.

Professor Miller planned to tape six focus groups to examine citizens' attitudes toward park development. As a research methods student you told Miller that an advantage of the focus group method is(are) that:

High face validity.

An experiment examines the effect of the:

Independent variable on the dependent variable

A researcher entering gender data collected from a mailed survey is working with

Indirect observables

In comparison to experiments and surveys field research has

Less reliability and greater validity.

A survey question asking voters which political party they are affiliated with (Democrat, Republican, Independent) would be considered:

Mutually exclusive

Kyo is looking to perform a quick research study to determine the effects of a documentary about domestic violence on people's perceptions of violence. His experiment consists of administering a brief survey to a group & having them watch a movie& then surveying them as they leave to determine if any change occurred. What kind of design is Kyo utilizing?

One group pretest-posttest

Which of the following is a nominal variable? Age or Education or Employment status or Occupational prestige

One needs to know the attributes to determine the level of measurement

Professor Donnelly wants to conduct a training session for new interviewers working on his project. Donnelly asks you to review his plan for the training session. After reviewing the plan you should tell Donnelly to exclude _______ from the session?

Practice interviews on people that Donnelly's selected for the sample

The following four questions appeared on a survey. Which of the questions is(are) a contingency question? Q1: Are you married? (Yes No) Q2: How old was your spouse on his/her last birthday? Q3: What is your spouse's current employment status?Q4: What is your current employment status?

Q2 and Q3 are contingency questions and Q1 and Q4 are not.