NEW English Final Winter 2019 ЁЯУЪ
Set off titles of smaller works
"The Secret Goldfish"
Huxley's main Theme
"The advancement of science as it affects human individuals."
Huxley's sub Theme
"Uniqueness is essential to Freedom."
B.F. Skinner
1904-1990; Field: behavioral; Contributions: created techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organism's behavior in order to observe the effects of subsequent behavior; Studies: Skinner box
Huxley states we must not be surprised by
Advances in Technology
Show possession and indicate where a letter has been omitted to form a contraction.
Apostrophes
Freud
Austrian psychiatrist and founder of psychoanalysis
used after an introductory dependent clause
Because she wanted a good grade, she stayed up to work on her paper.
indicate that introductory words and phrases moved from the end of the sentence.
Before he was a professor, he was a missionary.
Diminishes Freedom: Propaganda
Brain Washing
Enclose the exact words of a person.
C.S. Lewis said, "God cannot give us a happiness and peace apart from Himself, because it is not there."
Follow independent clauses and call attention to the information that comes after.
Colons
Ivan Pavlov
Conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell
Henry Foster (Namesake)
Creator of model T ford and modern assembly line work inspired by meat production
Connect groups of words to other groups of words to emphasize a point. (Usually used in the middle or at the end of a sentence.)
Dashes
Diminishes Freedom: Technology
Distracts
Diminishes Freedom: Television and Radio
Fodder, Loyal Brand Buyers
Bernard Marx (First Namesake)
George Bernard Shaw, Irish writer and socialist
Hemholtz Watson (Last Namesake)
German physician & John B. Watson, american psychologist, founder of behaviorism, together with rosalie rayner conducted controversial little Albert experiment
John B. Watson
Given a dozen healthy infants, he could train anyone to be anything... Little Albert FEARS white rat. Conditioned through loud noise.
To enclose figures in a sentence.
Grades will be based on (1) standards, (2) essays, and (3) exams.
Used to form compound words or join word units. They are also used to join prefixes, suffixes, and letters to words.
Hyphens
For contractions
I am = I'm; cannot = can't; I have = I've; they are = they're
To separate information from the rest o the sentence.
I knew the material perfectly--until PSAT test day.
Acquisition
In classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response.
unconditioned response (UR)
In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.
Proper names don't change the rule for possession (although some lazily suggest it does).
Jesus's beatitudes.
Bernard Marx (Last Namesake)
Karl Marx, founder of Marxism, Socialism
Come after an IC (complete sentence) and before the word, phrase, sentence, quotation, or list they are introducing.
Lately, I have had only one thing on my mind: graduation.
Less Uniqueness
Less Freedom
For use with compound phrases
Mother-in-law up-to-date
used between independent clauses (complete sentences) joined by a coordinating conjunction: FANBOYS.
My friends went to the Felix Pena chapel on Monday morning, but I went to Tech Hall Wednesday night.
Only add one for plural possessive nouns ending in s
My parents' house.
set off nonessential phrases or clauses (phrase can be removed without losing meaning) or appositives (words or phrases that rename a noun).
My teacher, who is really a robot, said to turn in on Google Classroom.
Negative Reinforcement is
NOT the same as Punishment.
After-Conditioning Phase
Neutral Stimulus = Natural Response
In the middles of a sentence, this can put special emphasis on a group of words.
Our ideas for the weekend--going to a movie, having a picnic, doing homework, and hiking Big Bear--seemed like a lot to accomplish.
Diminishes Freedom:
Overpopulation
To set off elements within a sentence that are related to the sentence but nonessential.
Parenthesis
Show the beginning and end of one's exact spoken words, or the title of a short work.
Quotation Marks
Podsnap's technique
Rapid maturation: a process of ripening thousands of eggs at the same time so they can be born when needed
Lenina Crowne (First Namesake)
Russian revolutionary and founder of the communist party Vladmir Lenin
Separate clauses or phrases that are related and that have equal grammatical rank.
Semicolons
Diminishes Freedom: Drugs
Soma - numbs society
join two independent clauses (complete sentences) that are closely related (connecting ideas).
Stu said he was tired; he had stayed up late doing homework (i.e. Minecraft).
To enclose an independent with punctuation inside.
Stu told me he gave Stuz├бlez a new Ferrari. (I gave Stuz├бlez a Ferrari before Stu.) Stuz├бlez said it was acceptable.
helps to avoid confusion between items in lists where there are already commas
Stu traveled to Rome, Italy; Tokyo, Japan; and Mexico City, Mexico.
To show possession
Stu's backpack.
Punctuation goes inside
The Mentor told his Freshman, "Here's a trick about quotation marks."
separate paired adjectives that describe a noun.
The Tech cafeteria makes huge, delicious burritos.
used to separate three or greater words, phrases, or clauses in a series.
The class includes freshmen, sophomores, and juniors.
To form a complete sentence inserted inside another sentence.
The rain (Stu saw it as he passed the window) was now falling heavily.
decanting room
The room in which the babies are removed from the bottles
Unless verbatim, semicolons, colons, exclamation points, and question marks are an exception to the rule
They call John Bosco "Don"; he's a priestly father.
During Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus + Neutral Stimulus = Natural Response
Before Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus = Natural Response
To set off additions or expressions that are necessary to the sentence.
We visited several European countries (England, France, and Spain) on our trip last year.
malthusian belt
a belt that dispenses contraceptives
orgy porgy
a dance and chant of a solidarity service; sexual in nature
centrifugal bumble puppy
a game in which children throw a ball onto a rotating disk that throws the ball back in a random direction and is meant to be caught
hyphens can change meaning
a hot-water bottle
Negative Reinforcement
a negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response.
Reinforcement Schedules
a pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced
Positive Reinforcement
a positive reinforcer is a stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.
ectogenesis
a process by which embryos are grown outside of a womb. in this case, in bottles
Conditioned Reinforcer
a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer
Operant Conditioning
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
Classical Conditioning
a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
in a compound adjective only when it comes before the word it modifies
a well-liked author
pneumatic
air filled/well endowed (I am Groot, smurf, Hodor, station, pikachu)
Malthus
an English economist and demographer; all biological populations have a potential for increase that exceeds the actual rate of increase, and the resources for the support of increase are limited
Behaviorism
an empirically rigorous science focused on observable behaviors and not unobservable internal mental processes.
Primary Reinforcer
an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need
Shaping
an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
A.F.
annum ford, after ford
Stimulus
any event or situation that evokes a response
viviparous
bearing live young rather than eggs
nine years war
brought sadness and enabled the ten world controllers to take over power
Not to be used after a verb that introduces a list.
colons
Indicate separation of ideas or elements within the structure of a sentence.
commas
Mustapha Mond (Namesake)
founder of modern turkey Mustapha Kemal Ataturk
O, Brave New World
from Shakespeare's The Tempest Miranda says, "o wonder how many goodly creatures are there here how beauteous mankind is o brave new world that has such people in it."
Compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine
hyphenate
Bokanovsky group
identical twins which have been created by a single egg divided numerous times through
conditioned response (CR)
in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
Benito Hoover (Last Namesake)
italian dictator benito mussolini and 31st us president herbert hoover
neo-pavlonian conditioning
loud noises, flashing lights, and electric shock used on babies to condition their likes and dislikes.
Mond
monde- world or people in french
Use with prefixes ex-, self-, and all-, with the suffix elect-, and with all prefixes before a proper noun or proper adjective.
non-European self-control
hypnopaedia
one step of the conditioning process by which while sleeping, babies and children listen to repeated messages about morals and their place in society, and are completely conditioned to live and breathe these messages
malthusian belt, malthusian drill (Namesake)
political economist, an early proponent of birth control for population regulation
bottling
process by which embryos are grown
conditioning and neo-pavlonian (Namesake)
russian scientist who conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell.
feelies
similar to modern movie-theaters; viewers are able to feel the emotion and smell the smells of the movie in front of them
phosphorus recovery
the process in which phosphorus is recovered from cremated bodies to be used as fertilizer
Learning
the process of acquiring, through experience, new and relatively enduring information or behaviors
alphas
top of the caste system; top intellectuals; tall ; wear grey
Associative Learning
when a subject links certain events, behaviors, or stimuli together in the process of conditioning
Apostrophes are not needed with possessive personal pronouns
yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, whose, its