NUR 334 Exam 4 PREPU

The gastrointestinal laboratory nurse is learning about small intestine secretions. Which of the following explanations is most accurate?

"An extensive array of mucus-producing glands, called Brunner glands, is concentrated where contents from the stomach and secretions from the liver and pancreas enter the duodenum."

A patient with diabetes mellitus states, "I can eat as many carbohydrates as I want and it will not affect my blood sugar." Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides before being absorbed"

A student is explaining the enteric and autonomic nervous systems in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. A faculty member knows the student has mastered this information when he or she makes which statement?

"Sympathetic innervation controls the extent of mucus secretion by the mucosal glands."

While studying the esophagus, a student is able to correctly state which of the following to a faculty member?

"The smooth muscle layers provide the peristaltic movements needed to move food along the length of the esophagus."

A client has just begun to experience an ischemic stroke. The blood supply from the middle cerebral artery is being blocked by a large blood clot. How long before brain cells begin to die due to lack of ATP?

4-6 min

While reviewing the colonic absorption and role of flora in the GI system, the instructor will stress that the large intestine contains:

A complex microbial system that contains hundreds of different species

For seizure disorders that do not respond to anticonvulsant medications, the option for surgical treatment exists. What is removed in the most common surgery for seizure disorders?

Amygdala

What medication teaching should be done for a woman of childbearing age with a seizure disorder?

Antiseizure drugs increase the risk for congenital abnormalities

When the suspected diagnosis is bacterial meningitis, what assessment techniques can assist in determining if meningeal irritation is present?

Brudzinski sign and Kernig sign

The nurse working in an emergency room is caring for a client who is exhibiting signs and symptoms of a stroke. What does the nurse anticipate that the physician's orders will include?

CT scan

A client has been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease resulting in the loss of efferent signals. Which aspect of neurologic function will be primarily affected by this client's condition?

Conduction of information away from CNS

A client with Parkinson disease presents with bradykinesia and an altered gait. These symptoms arise in response to the progressive deterioration of which structure in the brain?

Dopamine nigrostriatal system

The common bile duct opens into which of the following parts of the gastrointestinal tract?

Duodenum

The nurse is caring for a client with a disorder that prevents the pyloric valve from closing properly. Which priority complication should the nurse assess for?

Gastrointestinal bleeding

The nurse measures a blood glucose level of 40 mg/dL for a client with diabetes type I. Why would it be important for the nurse to institute an intervention to elevate the glucose level in this client?

Glucose is not stored in the brain and is a major fuel source for brain function.

A 60 year-old male office worker presents to a clinic complaining of new-onset of lower back pain that has been worsening over the last six weeks. The nurse knows which of the following components of his physical assessment and history is most indicative of a serious pathological process (like aortic aneurysm or cancer)?

His onset of pain has been gradual and he has no prior history of lower back problems.

A nurse working in a busy orthopedic clinic is asked to perform the Tinel sign on a patient having problems in their hand/wrist. In order to test Tinel sign, the nurse should give the patient which of the following directions?

I'm going to tap (percuss) over the median nerve in your wrist, tell me what sensation you feel while I am doing this. Does the sensation stay in the wrist or go anywhere else?

Colonic microorganisms play a role in the synthesis of which of the following vitamins?

K

Which statement explains how nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) control pain?

NSAIDs block the enzyme that synthesizes prostaglandins.

A client on an acute medicine unit with a diagnosis of small bowel obstruction is reporting intense, diffuse abdominal pain. Which physiologic phenomenon is most likely contributing to the client's pain?

Nociceptive afferents are conducting along the cranial and spinal nerve pathways of the ANS.

A client on an acute medicine unit of a hospital with a diagnosis of small bowel obstruction is complaining of intense, diffuse pain in her abdomen. Which of the following physiological phenomena is most likely contributing to her complaint?

Nociceptive afferents are conducting the sensation of pain along the cranial and spinal nerve pathways of the ANS.

A nurse caring for a client with multiple sclerosis notes that the client has mood swings. Which of the following can best explain this?

Psychological manifestation due to involvement of white matter of cerebral cortex

Defecation is controlled by both an internal and an external sphincter. What nerve controls the external sphincter?

Pudendal nerve

A nurse explains to her patient that food is moved along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with intermittent contractions that mix the food and move it along. These movements are found in which of the following organs?

Small intestine

The nurse is explaining how vasogenic brain edema occurs to a client's family. The most appropriate information for the nurse to provide would be:

The blood-brain barrier is disturbed, allowing fluid to escape into the extracellular fluid

During a clinical assessment of a 68 year-old client who has suffered a head injury, a neurologist suspects that a client has a sustained damage to her vagus (CN X). Which of the following assessment findings is most likely to lead the physician to this conclusion?

The client has difficulty swallowing and has had recent constipation and hypoactive bowel sounds.

The neurotransmitter GABA mainly functions to trigger inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Therefore, when explaining this to a group of nursing students, the nurse will state:

The combination of GABA with a receptor site is inhibitory since it causes the local nerve membrane to become hyperpolarized and less excitable.

A student is feeling inside her backpack to find her mobile phone. There are a number of other items in the backpack. Which component of somatosensory conduction is most likely to provide the detailed sensory information that will help her distinguish her phone from other items?

The primary dorsal root ganglion neuron, dorsal column neuron, and the thalamic neuron

Which of the following substances is broken down by the emulsification process?

Triglycerides

Global and focal brain injuries manifest differently. What is almost always a manifestation of a global brain injury?

altered level of consciousness

Which enzyme is found in the mouth and is the first to initiate the breakdown of starches?

amylase

Which one of the following is a manifestation of a serious condition that causes new-onset back pain in persons 50 years of age or older?

aortic aneurysm

The nurse caring for a client with an epidural hematoma recognizes the bleeding is associated with which physiological finding?

arterial tear

A client has sustained a severe, diffuse brain injury that resulted in seriously compromised brain function. The client is at greatest risk for:

brain death

Select the laboratory blood test that would be a used to suggest a diagnosis of muscular dystrophy (MD).

creatine kinase

The provider is testing the patient's ability to identify the specific location of skin touch in two different areas. This ability is communicated through which pathway?

discriminative

The nurse is caring for an elderly client with hemiplegia following a stroke. While planning the client's care, the nurse knows the client is at risk for which of the following conditions?

disuse atrophy

Which one of the following meninges provides the major protection for the brain and spinal cord?

dura mater

An adult client is admitted to the emergency department reporting a headache, stiff neck and lethargy. Based on the intake interview, the nurse suspects that the client had a seizure the day before. The client's vital signs are within reference range with the exception of a heart rate of 102 beats per minute and oral temperature of 38.6°C. Which diagnosis is most likely?

encephalitis

Excessive activity of the excitatory neurotransmitters and their receptor-mediated effects is the cause of which type of brain injury?

excitotoxic

The chart of a client admitted because of seizures notes that the seizure activity began simultaneously in both cerebral hemispheres. The nurse should interpret this to mean that the client experienced which of the following?

generalized seizure

Nutrition students are studying the nervous system, which has a high rate of metabolism. Which of the following is its major fuel source?

glucose

Maintenance of blood gas concentrations, water balance, and food consumption are controlled by which of the following parts of the brain?

hypothalamus

Neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons are known as which of the following?

interneurons

Which of the following diseases is associated with fewer acetylcholine receptors, resulting in a lower-amplitude endplate potential, muscle weakness, and fatigability?

myasthenia gravis

Which of the following is the primary component of white matter?

myelinated fibers

During embryonic development, which of the following structures develops into the central nervous system (CNS)?

neural tube

Which of the following will conduct injurious stimuli to alert the body of potential damage?

nociceptors

Guillain-Barré syndrome is characterized by which of the following forms of neuron damage?

polyneuropathy

A patient is asked to stand with feet together, eyes open and hands by the sides. Then the patient is asked to close their eyes while the nurse observes for a full minute. What assessment is the nurse performing?

proprioception

Death caused by muscular dystrophy in early adulthood is usually due to which of the following?

respiratory and cardiac muscle involvement

Which of the following complications of spinal cord injury is the most preventable in a paraplegic patient?

skin breakdown

A student is feeling inside her backpack to find her mobile phone. There are a number of other items in the bag other than the phone. The nurse knows that which of the following terms best describes one's ability to sense of shape and size of an object in the absence of visualization?

stereognosis

During a lecture about the function of the intestine related to food digestion, the faculty mentions that when the students consume foods high in acid, the intestines will:

stimulate the release of secretin which then inhibits release of gastrin.

The nurse taking a report on a client coming into the emergency room plans care for a client with brain dysfunction based on which of the following symptoms?

stupor

Which of the following is the lobe of the brain with functions of perception, long-term memory, and recognition of auditory stimuli?

temporal

The most common cause of an ischemic stroke is which of the following?

thrombosis

Ion channels in nervous system cells generate action potentials in the cells. What are the ion channels guarded by?

voltage-dependent gates