NUTR EXAM 1

What is the difference between nutrient density (ND) and energy density (ED)?

ND refers to foods that are high in nutrients (such as vitamins and minerals) and low in kilocalories; ED refers to foods high in energy and low in volume/weight.

MACRONUTRIENTS

NEEDED IN GRAM AMOUNTS DAILY, PROVIDE ENERGY; CARBS PROTEINS FATS

Which nutrient listed is not required to be included on the Nutrition Facts Panel, according to the currently required Food Labeling laws? NIACIN IRON VITAMIN D VITAMIN A

NIACIN

WHAT IS UPDATED FOR FOOD LABELS

NO MORE VIT A AND C --> VIT D AND K, NO MORE CALS FROM FAT

CONCEPT 7

NO ONE SIZE FITS ALL TO PLANNING DIET

FOOD LABELS

NUTRITION FACTS PANEL REQ BY FDA, SHOWS ENERGY AND NUTRIENT CONTENT REQ: SERVING SIZE, TOTAL FAT+CARB, SAT. FAT, TRANS. FAT, CHOLEST, NA, FIBER, SUGAR, PROTEIN, VITA, VITC, CA, FE

CONCEPT 10

NUTRITION IS A DYNAMIC SCIENCE

Variety is important in a diet because:

No single food can provide all the nutrients needed

SOLVENT

PRIMARY SUBSTANCE IN MIXTURE, IN LIVING SYSTEMS=WATER

DIGESTION

PROCESS OF TURNING FOOD INTO ABSORPTIVE NUTRIENTS; EXTERNAL; CHEM AND MECH; REQ DECOMP RXNS PROTECTIVE AND FILTERS

HOW DOES DSHEA DEFINE SUPPLEMENT

PRODUCT (EXCLUDING TOBACCO) THAT CONTAINS A VITAMIN, MINERAL, HERB OT OTHER PLANT PRODUCT, AMINO ACID, OR DIETARY SUBSTANCE THAT SUPPLEMENTS THE DIET BY INCREASING TOTAL INTAKE, TAKEN BY MOUTH

The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is a calculation based on all of the following except: AGE RACE HEIGHT GENDER

RACE

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.

RDA - RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE

REGISTERED DIETICIAN

RDN, RD COLLEGE TRAINED HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL WHO HAS EXTENSIVE KNOWLEDGE OF FOODS, NUTRITION, AND DIETETICS --> APPLICATION OF NUTRITION AND FOOD INFO TO TREAT HEALTH RELATED CONDITIONS

HOW ARE SUPPLEMENTS REGULATED

REGUALTES AS FOODS NOT MEDICATIONS AS RESULT COMPANIES CAN BYPASS ALOT OF REGULATIONS - DONT NEED FDA APPORVAL MOST OF THE TIME -DOESNT REGULATES CLAIMS

PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT OF 2010

REQ RESTAURANTS WITH 20+ LOCATIONS TO LIST NUTRITIONAL INFO

Eating diets that contain high amounts of certain kinds of fat raise the risk of developing heart disease. Thus, a diet that supplies an excessive amount of such fats is a ____ for heart disease

RISK FACTOR

DAILY VALUES

SET OF NUTRIENT INTAKE STANDARDS DEV FOR LABELING PURPOSES BASED ON 2000 KCAL DIET TOTAL FAT, CHOLES, TOTAL CARB, FIBER AND SEVERAL VIT/MIN

DIFFERENCE BTWN SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE

SMALL HAS VILLI AND LARGE DOES NOT SMALL DOES ~95% ABSORPTION NO DIGESTION IN LARGE, ONLY IN SMALL (HAS GASTRIC JUICE, HIGH ACIDIC ENVIRO, LARGE IS MORE BASIC) SMALL = 100% ABSORPTION OF MACROS, A2, FA, ELECTROLYTES, MONOSACCS LARGE INTESTINE PROTECTED BY BIOFILM MADE FROM BACTERIA SMALL PROTECTED BY MUCUS

Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of most preventable cancer deaths in the United States?

SMOKING CIGS

Which type of Nutrition Health Claim is the weakest? STRUCTURE FXN QUALIFIED HEALTH NUTRIENT CONTENT

STRUCTURE FXN (NUTRIENT CONTENT = BEST)

WHAT ARE NONNUTRIENTS AND AN EXAMPLE

SUBSTANCES THAT ARENT NUTRIENTS BUT ARE BENEFICIAL IE PHYTOCHEMICALS FOUND IN PLANTS -- MANY ARE ANTIOXIDANTS

CONCEPT 3

THERE ARE NO GOOD/BAD FOODS, ALL FOODS HAVE NUTRITIONAL VALUE

UL - TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL

TOLERABLE LEVEL OF VIT/MINS THAT IS UNLIKELY TO CAUSE HARM DEVELOPED BY FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD FOUND IN BACK OF TEXT

All foods, even less nutritious ones, can be part of a healthy diet as long as they are consumed in moderation.

TRUE

No single food can provide all the nutrients needed

TRUE

Passive diffusion occurs when the higher concentration of a nutrient drives its absorption through the walls of the small intestine.

TRUE

T/F: All foods, even less nutritious ones, can be part of a healthy diet as long as they are consumed in moderation.

TRUE

T/F: The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the average amount of a nutrient that will most likely not cause any toxicity symptoms.

TRUE

T/F: The cardiovascular system distributes nutrients through the bloodstream.

TRUE

REFINED GRAIN

UNDERGOES FORTIFICATION OR ENRICHMENT

EER - ESTIMATED ENERGY REQ

USED BY DIETITIANS TO EVALUATE INDIV ENERGY NEEDS EXAMINES: AGE HEIGHT WEIGHT SEX PHY ACTIVITY LEVEL

NUTRITION CONCEPT 2

VARIETY CAN HELP ENSURE NUTRITIONAL ADEQUACY OF DIET

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown food into absorptive nutrients

How does food move through digestive system

peristalsis and segmentation

The principle of proportionality in MyPlate refers to

showing the relative proportion of foods in a healthy diet.

Which of the following foods would be considered the most nutrient dense? - 6 oz. vanilla yogurt with ½ cup of fresh strawberries mixed in - 6 oz. strawberry yogurt - 6 oz. vanilla yogurt - 6 oz. vanilla yogurt with 2 tablespoons of strawberry jam mixed in

**6 oz. vanilla yogurt with ½ cup of fresh strawberries mixed in**

ORGANIC LABELING LEVELS

- 100 % ORGANIC - SEAL, AT LEAST 100% INGREDIENTS ORGANI, INCLUDING PROCESSING AIDS, MUST ID ORG INGRD - ORGANIC - SEAL, AT LEAST 95% ORG INGRD, MUST ID, REMAINING 5% ON USDA ALLOWABLE LIST - MADE WITH ORGANIC - NO SEAL, HAS 70-95% ORG ING, MUST ID

PORTION EQUIVALENTS

1 FIST=1 SERVING=1 CUP TENNIS BALL=1/2-1/3 CUP (FRUIT VEGGIES) COMP MOUSE=1/2-1/3 CUP (POTATO) 4 DICE=1 OZ CHZ

MEGADOSE

10X RECCOMENDED AMOUNT

FORTIFICATION

ADDITION OF ANY NUTRIENT TO FOOD

ENRICHMENT

ADDITION OF SPECIFIC AMOUNT OF IRON AND CERTAIN B VITS TO CEREAL/GRAIN USUALLY REPLACES ANYTHING LOST TO PROCESSING

CONCEPT 4

ALL FOODS IN MODERATION

PHYSIOLOGICAL DOSE

AMOUNT OF NUTRIENT THAT IS W/I RANGE OF SAFE INTAKE AND ENABLES BODY TO FXN OPTIMALLY

enzymes involved in digestion

AMYLASE=STARCH, LIPASE=LIPIDS, SUCRASE=SUCROSE, LACTASE=LACTOSE, PROTEASE=PROTEINS

All of the following represent secretions of the digestive tract except: BOLUS SALIVA ACID BILE

BOLUS

ENERGY SOURCES FOR BODY

CARBS - 4 KCAl/g PROTEIN - 4 KCAL/g ALCOHOL - 7 KCAL/g FAT - 9 KCAL/g

WHAT IS CAM

COMPLEMENTARY/ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE IE CHIROPRACTOR/MASSAGE THERAPIST, ETC

EMPTY CALORIES

CONTRIBUTE LARGE PORTION OF ENERGY FROM UNHEALTHY SOURCES

MY PLATE

DEPICTS PORTION COTROL LEAVES OPEN WHAT TO FILL EACH GROUP WITH - MAKE @ LEAST 1/2 GRAINS WHOLE - VERY VEGGIES - FOCUS ON FRUIT - CONSUME CA2+ - CHOOSE LEAN PROTEIN

DRI

DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES - VARIUS ENERGY + NUTRIENT INTAKE STD FOR AMERICANS IE EER, RDA, UL, ETC

DSHEA

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT AND HEALTHY EDUCATION ACT - ALLOWS MANUFACTURERS TO CLASSIFY NUTRIENT SPPL AND CERTAIN HERBAL PRODUCTS AS FOOD

MICRONUTRIENTS

DONT PROVIDE ENERGY VITAMINS MINERALS

The DRI used to calculate calorie needs for individuals is?

EER ESTIMATED ENERGY REQ

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as

EMPTY CALORIES

ENERGY DENSITY

ENERGY VALUE OF FOOD IN RELATION TO THE FOODS WEIGHT

An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.

ENZYME

The ___________ prevents food from entering the passageway to the lungs during swallowing.

EPIGLOTTIS

DIETARY GUIDELINES

ESTABLISHED BY US DEPT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES AND USDA SET OF GENERAL NUTRITION RELATED LIFESTYLE RECOMM INTENDED FOR HEALTHY PPL AGE 2+ UPDATED EVERY 5 YEARS

EXCHANGE SYSTEM

ESTIMATES ENERGY, PROTEIN, CARB AND FAT CONTENT OF FOOD. DEV FOR PPL WITH DIABETES CATEGORIZES FOOD INTO EITHER 1) CARBS (HIGH SUGAR) 2) FAT 3)MEAT + MEAT SUBS(INCLUDES CHEESE)

BIOAVAILABILITY

EXTENT OF DIG TRACT ABSORBS NUTRIENT AND HOW WELL BODY USES IT

T/F: According to recent studies, skipping breakfast is an effective way to promote weight loss and provide satiety throughout the day.

FALSE

T/F: Both water-soluble and fat-soluble nutrients are transported via the same system from the small intestine.

FALSE

T/F: In general, megadoses of nutrients are safe to consume.

FALSE

T/F: Organic food is more nutritious than nonorganic food.

FALSE

T/F: The villi regulate the movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine.

FALSE

T/F: Twinkies are "bad" for the body and should be avoided in any diet?

FALSE

CONCEPT 6

FOOD IS BEST SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS AND PHYTOCHEMICALS

CONCEPT 8

FOODS AND NUTRIENTS THEY CONTAIN ARE NOT CURE ALLS

NUTRIENT DENSITY

FOODS W MORE VITS/MINS IN RELATION TO UNHEALTHY STUFF

CONCEPT 5

FOR EACH NUTRIENT, THERE IS A RANGE OF SAFE INTAKE

MAJOR FOOD GROUPS

GRAINS, DAIRY, FRUITS, VEGGIES, PROTEIN

NUMBER 1 & 2 LEADING CAUSES OF US ADULTS

HEART DISEASE AND CANCER, 50% OF ALL DEATHS

DIGESTIVE ENZYMES

LIPASE AMYALSE PROTEASE SUCRASE LACTASE

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

MAIN: MOUTH, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTENSTINE ACCESORY: SALIVARY GLANDS, TEETH, PANCREAS, LIVER, GALL BLADDER,

CONCEPT 9

MALNUTRITION INCLUDES OVER AND UNDER NUTRITION

What are the two methods of digestion in human GI system?

MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL

HEALTHIEST EATING STYLE AND WHY

MEDITERRAINIAN LOW MEAT AND FAT DIET, LITTLE TO NO PROCESSED FOOD, HIGH IN WHOLE GRAINS AND ANTIOXIDANTS BASED ON FRUITS, VEGGIES, AND WHOLE GRAINS

RDA- RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE

MEETS NEEDS OF ~98% OF INDIV IN PARTICULAR AGE GROUP/SEX GROUP DERIVED FROM EER

NUTRITION CONCEPT 1

MOST NATURALLY OCCURRING FOODS ARE MIXTURES OF NUTRIENT