NUTR EXAM 1
What is the difference between nutrient density (ND) and energy density (ED)?
ND refers to foods that are high in nutrients (such as vitamins and minerals) and low in kilocalories; ED refers to foods high in energy and low in volume/weight.
MACRONUTRIENTS
NEEDED IN GRAM AMOUNTS DAILY, PROVIDE ENERGY; CARBS PROTEINS FATS
Which nutrient listed is not required to be included on the Nutrition Facts Panel, according to the currently required Food Labeling laws? NIACIN IRON VITAMIN D VITAMIN A
NIACIN
WHAT IS UPDATED FOR FOOD LABELS
NO MORE VIT A AND C --> VIT D AND K, NO MORE CALS FROM FAT
CONCEPT 7
NO ONE SIZE FITS ALL TO PLANNING DIET
FOOD LABELS
NUTRITION FACTS PANEL REQ BY FDA, SHOWS ENERGY AND NUTRIENT CONTENT REQ: SERVING SIZE, TOTAL FAT+CARB, SAT. FAT, TRANS. FAT, CHOLEST, NA, FIBER, SUGAR, PROTEIN, VITA, VITC, CA, FE
CONCEPT 10
NUTRITION IS A DYNAMIC SCIENCE
Variety is important in a diet because:
No single food can provide all the nutrients needed
SOLVENT
PRIMARY SUBSTANCE IN MIXTURE, IN LIVING SYSTEMS=WATER
DIGESTION
PROCESS OF TURNING FOOD INTO ABSORPTIVE NUTRIENTS; EXTERNAL; CHEM AND MECH; REQ DECOMP RXNS PROTECTIVE AND FILTERS
HOW DOES DSHEA DEFINE SUPPLEMENT
PRODUCT (EXCLUDING TOBACCO) THAT CONTAINS A VITAMIN, MINERAL, HERB OT OTHER PLANT PRODUCT, AMINO ACID, OR DIETARY SUBSTANCE THAT SUPPLEMENTS THE DIET BY INCREASING TOTAL INTAKE, TAKEN BY MOUTH
The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is a calculation based on all of the following except: AGE RACE HEIGHT GENDER
RACE
The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.
RDA - RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE
REGISTERED DIETICIAN
RDN, RD COLLEGE TRAINED HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL WHO HAS EXTENSIVE KNOWLEDGE OF FOODS, NUTRITION, AND DIETETICS --> APPLICATION OF NUTRITION AND FOOD INFO TO TREAT HEALTH RELATED CONDITIONS
HOW ARE SUPPLEMENTS REGULATED
REGUALTES AS FOODS NOT MEDICATIONS AS RESULT COMPANIES CAN BYPASS ALOT OF REGULATIONS - DONT NEED FDA APPORVAL MOST OF THE TIME -DOESNT REGULATES CLAIMS
PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT OF 2010
REQ RESTAURANTS WITH 20+ LOCATIONS TO LIST NUTRITIONAL INFO
Eating diets that contain high amounts of certain kinds of fat raise the risk of developing heart disease. Thus, a diet that supplies an excessive amount of such fats is a ____ for heart disease
RISK FACTOR
DAILY VALUES
SET OF NUTRIENT INTAKE STANDARDS DEV FOR LABELING PURPOSES BASED ON 2000 KCAL DIET TOTAL FAT, CHOLES, TOTAL CARB, FIBER AND SEVERAL VIT/MIN
DIFFERENCE BTWN SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE
SMALL HAS VILLI AND LARGE DOES NOT SMALL DOES ~95% ABSORPTION NO DIGESTION IN LARGE, ONLY IN SMALL (HAS GASTRIC JUICE, HIGH ACIDIC ENVIRO, LARGE IS MORE BASIC) SMALL = 100% ABSORPTION OF MACROS, A2, FA, ELECTROLYTES, MONOSACCS LARGE INTESTINE PROTECTED BY BIOFILM MADE FROM BACTERIA SMALL PROTECTED BY MUCUS
Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of most preventable cancer deaths in the United States?
SMOKING CIGS
Which type of Nutrition Health Claim is the weakest? STRUCTURE FXN QUALIFIED HEALTH NUTRIENT CONTENT
STRUCTURE FXN (NUTRIENT CONTENT = BEST)
WHAT ARE NONNUTRIENTS AND AN EXAMPLE
SUBSTANCES THAT ARENT NUTRIENTS BUT ARE BENEFICIAL IE PHYTOCHEMICALS FOUND IN PLANTS -- MANY ARE ANTIOXIDANTS
CONCEPT 3
THERE ARE NO GOOD/BAD FOODS, ALL FOODS HAVE NUTRITIONAL VALUE
UL - TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL
TOLERABLE LEVEL OF VIT/MINS THAT IS UNLIKELY TO CAUSE HARM DEVELOPED BY FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD FOUND IN BACK OF TEXT
All foods, even less nutritious ones, can be part of a healthy diet as long as they are consumed in moderation.
TRUE
No single food can provide all the nutrients needed
TRUE
Passive diffusion occurs when the higher concentration of a nutrient drives its absorption through the walls of the small intestine.
TRUE
T/F: All foods, even less nutritious ones, can be part of a healthy diet as long as they are consumed in moderation.
TRUE
T/F: The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the average amount of a nutrient that will most likely not cause any toxicity symptoms.
TRUE
T/F: The cardiovascular system distributes nutrients through the bloodstream.
TRUE
REFINED GRAIN
UNDERGOES FORTIFICATION OR ENRICHMENT
EER - ESTIMATED ENERGY REQ
USED BY DIETITIANS TO EVALUATE INDIV ENERGY NEEDS EXAMINES: AGE HEIGHT WEIGHT SEX PHY ACTIVITY LEVEL
NUTRITION CONCEPT 2
VARIETY CAN HELP ENSURE NUTRITIONAL ADEQUACY OF DIET
A primary function of the digestive system is the
breakdown food into absorptive nutrients
How does food move through digestive system
peristalsis and segmentation
The principle of proportionality in MyPlate refers to
showing the relative proportion of foods in a healthy diet.
Which of the following foods would be considered the most nutrient dense? - 6 oz. vanilla yogurt with ½ cup of fresh strawberries mixed in - 6 oz. strawberry yogurt - 6 oz. vanilla yogurt - 6 oz. vanilla yogurt with 2 tablespoons of strawberry jam mixed in
**6 oz. vanilla yogurt with ½ cup of fresh strawberries mixed in**
ORGANIC LABELING LEVELS
- 100 % ORGANIC - SEAL, AT LEAST 100% INGREDIENTS ORGANI, INCLUDING PROCESSING AIDS, MUST ID ORG INGRD - ORGANIC - SEAL, AT LEAST 95% ORG INGRD, MUST ID, REMAINING 5% ON USDA ALLOWABLE LIST - MADE WITH ORGANIC - NO SEAL, HAS 70-95% ORG ING, MUST ID
PORTION EQUIVALENTS
1 FIST=1 SERVING=1 CUP TENNIS BALL=1/2-1/3 CUP (FRUIT VEGGIES) COMP MOUSE=1/2-1/3 CUP (POTATO) 4 DICE=1 OZ CHZ
MEGADOSE
10X RECCOMENDED AMOUNT
FORTIFICATION
ADDITION OF ANY NUTRIENT TO FOOD
ENRICHMENT
ADDITION OF SPECIFIC AMOUNT OF IRON AND CERTAIN B VITS TO CEREAL/GRAIN USUALLY REPLACES ANYTHING LOST TO PROCESSING
CONCEPT 4
ALL FOODS IN MODERATION
PHYSIOLOGICAL DOSE
AMOUNT OF NUTRIENT THAT IS W/I RANGE OF SAFE INTAKE AND ENABLES BODY TO FXN OPTIMALLY
enzymes involved in digestion
AMYLASE=STARCH, LIPASE=LIPIDS, SUCRASE=SUCROSE, LACTASE=LACTOSE, PROTEASE=PROTEINS
All of the following represent secretions of the digestive tract except: BOLUS SALIVA ACID BILE
BOLUS
ENERGY SOURCES FOR BODY
CARBS - 4 KCAl/g PROTEIN - 4 KCAL/g ALCOHOL - 7 KCAL/g FAT - 9 KCAL/g
WHAT IS CAM
COMPLEMENTARY/ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE IE CHIROPRACTOR/MASSAGE THERAPIST, ETC
EMPTY CALORIES
CONTRIBUTE LARGE PORTION OF ENERGY FROM UNHEALTHY SOURCES
MY PLATE
DEPICTS PORTION COTROL LEAVES OPEN WHAT TO FILL EACH GROUP WITH - MAKE @ LEAST 1/2 GRAINS WHOLE - VERY VEGGIES - FOCUS ON FRUIT - CONSUME CA2+ - CHOOSE LEAN PROTEIN
DRI
DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES - VARIUS ENERGY + NUTRIENT INTAKE STD FOR AMERICANS IE EER, RDA, UL, ETC
DSHEA
DIETARY SUPPLEMENT AND HEALTHY EDUCATION ACT - ALLOWS MANUFACTURERS TO CLASSIFY NUTRIENT SPPL AND CERTAIN HERBAL PRODUCTS AS FOOD
MICRONUTRIENTS
DONT PROVIDE ENERGY VITAMINS MINERALS
The DRI used to calculate calorie needs for individuals is?
EER ESTIMATED ENERGY REQ
Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as
EMPTY CALORIES
ENERGY DENSITY
ENERGY VALUE OF FOOD IN RELATION TO THE FOODS WEIGHT
An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.
ENZYME
The ___________ prevents food from entering the passageway to the lungs during swallowing.
EPIGLOTTIS
DIETARY GUIDELINES
ESTABLISHED BY US DEPT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES AND USDA SET OF GENERAL NUTRITION RELATED LIFESTYLE RECOMM INTENDED FOR HEALTHY PPL AGE 2+ UPDATED EVERY 5 YEARS
EXCHANGE SYSTEM
ESTIMATES ENERGY, PROTEIN, CARB AND FAT CONTENT OF FOOD. DEV FOR PPL WITH DIABETES CATEGORIZES FOOD INTO EITHER 1) CARBS (HIGH SUGAR) 2) FAT 3)MEAT + MEAT SUBS(INCLUDES CHEESE)
BIOAVAILABILITY
EXTENT OF DIG TRACT ABSORBS NUTRIENT AND HOW WELL BODY USES IT
T/F: According to recent studies, skipping breakfast is an effective way to promote weight loss and provide satiety throughout the day.
FALSE
T/F: Both water-soluble and fat-soluble nutrients are transported via the same system from the small intestine.
FALSE
T/F: In general, megadoses of nutrients are safe to consume.
FALSE
T/F: Organic food is more nutritious than nonorganic food.
FALSE
T/F: The villi regulate the movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine.
FALSE
T/F: Twinkies are "bad" for the body and should be avoided in any diet?
FALSE
CONCEPT 6
FOOD IS BEST SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS AND PHYTOCHEMICALS
CONCEPT 8
FOODS AND NUTRIENTS THEY CONTAIN ARE NOT CURE ALLS
NUTRIENT DENSITY
FOODS W MORE VITS/MINS IN RELATION TO UNHEALTHY STUFF
CONCEPT 5
FOR EACH NUTRIENT, THERE IS A RANGE OF SAFE INTAKE
MAJOR FOOD GROUPS
GRAINS, DAIRY, FRUITS, VEGGIES, PROTEIN
NUMBER 1 & 2 LEADING CAUSES OF US ADULTS
HEART DISEASE AND CANCER, 50% OF ALL DEATHS
DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
LIPASE AMYALSE PROTEASE SUCRASE LACTASE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
MAIN: MOUTH, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTENSTINE ACCESORY: SALIVARY GLANDS, TEETH, PANCREAS, LIVER, GALL BLADDER,
CONCEPT 9
MALNUTRITION INCLUDES OVER AND UNDER NUTRITION
What are the two methods of digestion in human GI system?
MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL
HEALTHIEST EATING STYLE AND WHY
MEDITERRAINIAN LOW MEAT AND FAT DIET, LITTLE TO NO PROCESSED FOOD, HIGH IN WHOLE GRAINS AND ANTIOXIDANTS BASED ON FRUITS, VEGGIES, AND WHOLE GRAINS
RDA- RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE
MEETS NEEDS OF ~98% OF INDIV IN PARTICULAR AGE GROUP/SEX GROUP DERIVED FROM EER
NUTRITION CONCEPT 1
MOST NATURALLY OCCURRING FOODS ARE MIXTURES OF NUTRIENT
