Nutrition

In this study, the researchers compared the dietary intakes of the study participants to three dietary patterns that have been previously associated with lower risk for chronic diseases. Click to select the scoring systems that were used to assess the dietary patterns of the study participants.

1. Alternate Mediterranean diet score 2. Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 score

Click to select the changes Joe could make to his diet and physical activity patterns that would promote weight loss or maintenance.

1. Get to campus 20 minutes early to take a walk before class. 2. Choose sugar-free beverages, such as water, instead of sugar-sweetened beverages. 3. Study for class while walking on the treadmill at the student recreation center. 4. Choose grilled chicken instead of fried chicken sandwiches at fast food restaurants 6. Choose a whole-grain breakfast cereal with fruit and low fat milk instead of a breakfast pastry

Click to select the factors that have contributed to Joe's recent weight gain.

1. He spends much of his leisure time in front of a television or computer screen 2. He is too busy to exercise 3. He frequently eats meals at fast-food restaurants.

Click to select the factors that promote fat storage.

1. Low levels of thyroid hormone 2. Childbearing 3. Energy intake > energy expenditure 4. Advancing age

Despite advertisements and fad diet promises, there is no quick solution for weight loss. Successful weight loss comes from hard work and commitment. Click to select the elements of a successful weight-loss program.

1. Modification of problem behaviors 2. Increased physical activity 3. Decreased calorie intake

There are a number of criteria for identifying an unreliable diet. Click and drag to explain why each diet claim represents an unreliable, fad diet. Promoting quick weight loss

1. Promoting quick weight loss: The college Reunion Diet promises you will lose twenty pounds in the next two weeks 2. Limiting Food Selections: The chopped Salad Diet promises. 3. Celebrity testimonials: A hall of farmer star baseball player 4. No need to exercise: The super Berry Diet will cure your weight loss 5. Expensive supplements: For just 49.99 per month, the Extreme Supplement Pack

Click to select the correct answers. Higher Alternate Mediterranean Diet scores are related to higher intakes of which of the following?

1. Vegetables 2. Fruits 3. Nuts 4. Legumes

Joe's body mass index (BMI) is ______ kg/m2. (Enter numeric response only; round your answer to the nearest 0.1.)

28.7

The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans suggest that people who need to lose weight or maintain weight loss need to perform ______ minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity.

300 or more

Why should Joe be skeptical of the claims he heard about the weight-loss product in the infomercial?

All of these responses are correct.

Chain-breaking

Bill used to go to the snack bar for a large bag of peanuts at his son's t-ball game, just because he always eats peanuts with baseball; now he bypasses the snack bar

Stimulus control

Brenda has asked her receptionist to put baked goods that are usually open on the break room counter into a package to be stored in the cabinet

Which of the following dietary changes would reduce calorie intake by at least 100 kcal per day?

Choose 1 cup of water instead of 1 cup of regular cola.

Which of the following is a reasonable application of the study results?

Choose a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and legumes.

Which of the following dietary behaviors was positively associated with weight gain over time?

High intake of potatoes

Which of the following was a component of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 score?

High intake of vegetables

Contingency management

Louis knows that if he goes home after work he will never leave again to go to the gym; now he packs his gyms clothes and takes his bag to work

Which of the following is a reasonable interpretation of the study results?

Small changes in behavior can have large effects on health when compounded over time.

Weight changes were assessed by self-reports of body weight every four years throughout the study. What did the researchers do to ensure the accuracy of self-reported body weight data?

The researchers validated self-reports of body weight against measurements taken by study staff in a subset of the study sample and found them to be highly correlated.

Why might increased consumption of foods such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and yogurt lead to better weight management?

These foods may contribute to satiety and thereby reduce intake of other foods.

Cognitive restructuring

Tina has stopped organizing happy hour with margaritas and tortilla chips after a stressful day at work; instead she now conducts an after-work walking group to release stress

Compliance with the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, or the DASH diet is inversely associated with weight gain over a 4-year period.

True

The authors suggest that taking steps to prevent weight gain early in adulthood could reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases later in life.

True

Self-monitoring

Wendy thought she was eating 1500 Cals a day and was concerned when she began gaining weight; so she started a food journal and saw she was really consuming 2,200 Cals

Average weight gain in the study population was a mere 0.8 pound per year. Modest weight gains over time are associated with

all of these.

The main objective of the study was to

assess the effects of specific lifestyle practices on body weight gain over time.

In this study, dietary data were collected by

food frequency questionnaires.

Read through the Discussion section of the research article and click to select all the correct answers. The authors suggest that high-fat, high-sugar foods could promote weight gain because

increases in blood glucose lead to higher insulin secretion, which promotes fat storage.

Over the past few years, Joe has experienced

positive energy balance.

The study design was a

prospective cohort study.

The authors attempt to explain the mechanism by which diet quality is related to weight gain. They propose that high intakes of plant-based foods lead to greater

satiety

A lower intake of ______ is related to a higher Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score.

sodium

Compared to those who got 6 to 8 hours of sleep per night, study participants who got less than 6 hours of sleep per night

were more likely to gain weight.