Nutrition
marginal food security
1 or 2 indications of food access problems
10 to the negative 4th is the same as
1/10 to the 4th 0.0001 1/10,000
Gigagram (Gg)
10 to the 9th g
1L
10 to the 9th nL
cm
10 to the negative 2nd m
protein DRV
10%
saturated fat DRV
10%
According to MyPlate, what percentage of the grains you consume should be whole grains?
50%
albacore tuna should be limited to ______ oz per week or one meal due to its mercury content
6
carbohydrate DRV
60%
the villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestines_______times that of a smooth tube.
600
which two components should be met when planning a healthy diet?
AIs RDAs
active absorption needs both a carrier protein and _________.
ATP
arrange the parts of the small intestine in order they appear in the GI tract
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
what formula should be used to determine the RDA for a nutrient?
EARx1.2=RDA
which government regulates the federal water supplies?
EPA
the _________, _________, and _________ share responsibility for regulating pesticides
EPA FDA USDA
match the FDA stance with the critics stance on GM foods being labeled
FDA= GM foods are not tangibly different Critics= consumers have a right to know what is in their food
USDA
GM crops are safe to grow
consuming fewer calories, increasing physical activity, and maintaining appropriate calorie balance of all strategies that a person can use to help with which of the following goals?
Managing weight Balancing calories
the main goal of_______ is to remind consumers to think about building a healthy plate at meal times and to learn more about healthy eating
MyPlate
this dietary recommendation is used to evaluate a person's current intake for a specific nutrient, recognizing that the further the intake strays from this value, the more likely the person will develop neutron related problems
RDA
list one of the government agencies that regulates GM foods
USDA
please pair the agency with the correct description of its role in monitoring the food supply in the United States.
United states department of agriculture (USDA)= ensure wholesome and quality standards for grain, produce, meat, poultry, milk, egg, and egg products Bureau of Alcohol, tobacco, firearms and explosives (ATF)= enforces laws on alcoholic beverages; inspection Environmental protection agency (EPA)= regulates pesticides and establishes quality water standards
the main functions of the large intestine include
absorb water and electrolytes house bacterial flora form and expel feces
for each macronutrient, the ________ __________ _________ __________provides a range of intake, as a percent of energy, associated with good health and a reduced risk of chronic diseases while providing for recommended intakes of essential nutrients.
acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges
of the strategies listed, which one is best for building healthy eating patterns?
account for all foods and beverages consumed.
recombinant DNA technology
allows access to a wider gene pool permits faster and more accurate production of new microbial plant and animal species
which nutrients are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine via active absorption
amino acids glucose
which nutrients are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine via active absorption?
amino acids glucose
indirect food additives
appear in food products from environmental contamination of food ingredients or during the manufacturing process
______ are single cell organisms found in the food we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe
bacteria
the greatest health risk from food and water today is contamination by these two major types of microbial pathogens; viruses and
bacteria
lead damage in humans can manifest itself as
behavioral problems
to promote optimal health, people should aim to keep their intake of fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium at or_______the 100% DV.
below
gallstones are composed of
bile pigments cholesterol
vitamin a
blindness increased vulnerability to common diseases
iodine
brain damage mental retardation
which of the following foods are nutrient dense?
breakfast cereal fat free milk
which animals did the first farmers selectively breed implementing biotechnology?
bull cow
the ________ system is an example of an organ system
cardiovascular
nutrients absorbed in the small intestine are delivered to these circulatory systems in the body:
cardiovascular system lymphatic system
the national school lunch program subsidizes lunches by providing schools with
cash food
food resources available for those earning less than the current poverty level include government programs (SNAP,WIC, commodities) and _________ feeding programs
charitable
_______, ________, _________, and _______ summarize the four rules set by the USDA as part of the "fight BAC" program
clean separate cook chill
in the small intestine the chyme moves slowly through the circular folds allowing the chyme to
come into close contact with the villi be completely mixed with digestive juices
how do you calculate a food's energy density?
compare the food's calorie content per gram weight of the food
organic production relies on these farming practices
composting biological pest management crop rotation manure applications
nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation includes
consuming more fluids daily consuming more fiber daily
identify risk factors for gallstone formation
consumption of low-fiber diet female rapid weight loss or prolonged fasting excess weight
common causes of food intolerances include
deficiencies in digestive enzymes toxic contaminants such as mold or bacteria sensitivities to a food component (such as gluten)
sulfites are found in a variety of foods including
dehydrated potatoes
what are the symptoms most commonly associated with bacterial food borne illnesses?
diarrhea and vomiting
malnutrition lowers resistance resulting in
disease infection death
rank the steps of calculating the nutrient density of a food
divide the amount of a nutrient in a serving by the RDA divide the calories in a serving of the food by the EER compare the values and see if the food provides a greater contribution to your nutrient need than your calorie need
what should a person do to work towards optimal nutritional health?
eat a balanced diet, consume a variety of foods, and stay physically active
select the food recommendations that promote a healthy lifestyle
eat more dark green, red, and orange vegetables. replace whole milk dairy products with low-fat and fat-free dairy products use oils to replace solid fats
when swallowing a bite of food, the __________ closes over the trachea to allow the bolus to enter the esophagus
epiglottis
what are some nutrients that have AIs?
essential fatty acids fiber B-vitamins fluoride
an RDA can only be set for nutrients that have an _______
estimated average requirement
the _____ ______ ______ are daily nutrient intake amounts that are estimated to meet the needs of half of the people in a certain life stage.
estimated average requirements
cloning
extracting the genetic material from a donor adult cell and transferring it to egg
while it is important to consume healthy foods, this can often be a challenge since they are more expensive than the processed and refined foods
false
traditional food production
fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, and irradiation are used
essential fatty acids,________, and certain vitamins and minerals all have adequate intakes to set a daily intake amount for nutrients that do not have an established EAR
fiber
to promote a healthy diet, people should plan their diets to achieve 100% of the DV for_________
fiber
select the components that must be listed on most nutrition facts panels
fiber total calories total fat protein
the most significant food source of PCB residue is _______
fish
dioxin
fish from contaminated waterways
the most critical micronutrients missing from diets worldwide include vitamin A, iodide, iron, zinc, and ______
folate
acidic agents, antimicrobial agents, and antioxidants are all examples of
food additives
acidic agents, antimicrobial agents, and antioxidants are all examples of _______ _______.
food additives
what shields more children in the US from hunger?
food assistance programs
gallstones may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a _______
golf ball
gallstones may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a_________
golf ball
standard metric unit used for mass
gram
intakes________than the upper level can cause adverse health issues like diarrhea and inflammation of the stomach lining
greater
what are good sources of vegetables according to MyPlate guidelines?
green bean salad corn on the cob stir fry
what are some good sources of vegetables according to MyPlate guidelines?
green bean salad stir-fry corn on the cob
solanine
green spots of potato skins
what are some examples of medium to high energy density foods?
ham potato chips whole wheat bread pumpkin pie
what is the term for a claim that describes the relationship between a disease and a nutrient, food, or food constituent?
health claim
the acid-resistant bacteria,________is one of the two main causes of peptic ulcers
helicobacter pylori
______ are swollen veins of the rectum and anus
hemorrhoids
_________are swollen veins of the ructum and anus
hemorrhoids
meal composition affects how long the meal takes to move from the stomach to the small intestines. Which of the following types of meals would move most slowly out of the stomach?
high fat meal
the parietal cells of the stomach secrete
hydrochloric acid
in a_______reaction water is used in the breaking apart of large molecules
hydrolysis
when must the % for a protein be reported on the food label?
if the food is for infants and children under 4 if the food makes claims about protein content
living in poverty
impairs a childs health contributes to behavioral problems impairs ability to learn
intentional food additives are used to
improve freshness and safety
what has been approved by the FDA for the elimination of salmonella and E coli in meats, shell eggs, and spices ?
irradiation
beneficial bacteria reside in the________intestine.
large
Feces is formed and held in which organ?
large intestine
what are some examples of healthy, protein rich foods?
lean meat seafood beans
cyanide
lima beans and almonds
in pinocytosis absorptive cells engulf_____
liquids or compounds
which of the following microorganisms can cause serious illness and spontaneous abortion in pregnant women?
listeria monocytogenes
these accessory organs function along with the small intestine in the digestive process
liver gallbladder pancreas
________ energy density foods contribute to a quicker feeling of fullness while ________ energy density foods need to be eaten in larger amount to feel full.
low high
digestive enzymes are:
made of protein catalyze chemical reactions
what is the definition of a household that has only 1 or 2 indications of food access problems?
marginal food security household
the resident bacteria throughout the GI tract are referred to as the gut_____
microbiota
lead can be found in the following sources
mineral supplements old plumbing
which statement is true?
moderation applies to all food groups
women from food-insecure households are ________ likely to be obese
more
which of the following nutrients are absorbed in the lymphatic system?
most fats fat-soluble vitamins
which layer of the wall of the intestinal tract has many tiny fingerlike structures that project into the GI lumen and trap nutrients?
mucosa
very low level food security
multiple indications of disrupted patterns and reduced food intake
foods free of added colors and synthetic substances are called ______ foods.
natural
total calories, calories from fat, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrate, sugars, protein, calcium, and iron are just some of the components that are included on most__________ __________ panels
nutritional facts
1tsp
oils
golgi apparatus
packages and distributes cell products
the chief cells of the stomach secrete
pepsinogen
EPA
pesticides in food are safe for consumption
what are some examples of very low and low energy density foods?
plain baked potato salsa lettuce oatmeal
is it important to recognize that many _______, ________, and _______ factors contribute to the problem of hunger
political, economic, social
organic food production
practices such as biological pest management, composting, manure applications, and crop rotation are used
the best way to prevent lead poisoning is
preventing iron decency anemia removing lead form environment
the bacteria found in fermented foods, such as yogurt, kefir (a type of fermented milk) and miso (fermented soybean paste) are known as__________bacteria.
probiotic
yogurt would be classified as a________food.
probiotic
ribosomes
produces proteins
_______ cancer cases with insecticide use
prostate
for which nutrients are the DRVs set?
protein sodium carbohydrates potassium fats
1 0z
proteins grains
what does a manufacturer have to do to have a new food additive approved?
provide proof from laboratory tests that it is safe
mitochondria
provide the cell with chemical energy
low level food security
reduced quality, variety or desirability of diet
One tool for planning diets that support overall health is the Dietary_______Intakes (DRIs) which provide guidance on the quantities of nutrients that are most likely to result in optimal health.
reference
virus
reproduces after invading body cells
which of the following are examples of biotechnology used for grain production?
selective breeding wheat crossed with wild grasses altered seeds and plants
which of the following nutrients are absorbed in the cardiovascular system
short and medium chain fatty acids proteins, carbohydrates, B-vitamins, vitamin C Water-soluble nutrients
younger people most often develop ulcers in the:
small intestine
what is the substance in pancreatic juice that allows us to buffer the acidic contents arriving in the small intestines from the stomach?
sodium bicarbonate
sources of bottled water include
spas wells public water supply
pancreatic amylase is responsible for breaking down_____for digestion
starch
pancreatic amylase is responsible for breaking down _______ for digestion
starch`
Chyme is formed in the _________ as food is mixed with digestive secretions
stomach
the primary function of the pyloric sphincter is to control the flow of food contents from the______into the small intestine
stomach
phagocytosis occurs when the absorptive cells in the small intestine
surround and engulf a solid compound
what are some behaviors consistent with MyPlate recommendations?
switch to fat free or low fat milk drink water instead of sugary drinks enjoy your food but eat less
mercury
swordfish, king mackerel, shark
135-165
temperature for holding thoroughly cooked foods; bacterial growth is prevented but bacteria are not destroyed
cells are_______
the fundamental building blocks of all organisms
which of the following are true about the lymphatic system?
the villi contain lacteals to transport nutrients to larger lymph vessels lymph is a clear fluid until carrying fats, causing a milky look to the lymph
what statement about DRIs is true?
they only apply to healthy people
what are some examples of parasites typically associated with food borne illnesses?
toxoplasma anisakis trichinella spiralis cryposporidium
genetic modification
transfer a gene from one organism to another
individuals may not be able to travel to food assistance program sites due to lack of _______.
transportation
GM foods are designed to help farmers grow foods more daily and to increase yields
true
an RDA can only be set for nutrients that have an EAR
true
the most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease in the united states are
ulcerative colitis crohn's disease
which taste sense is enhanced by the addition of monosodium glutamate (MSG)?
unami
escherichia coli
undercooked ground meats; contaminated produce, especially lettuce, spinach, and sprouts
lectins
undercooked kidney beans
nutrient intakes that are higher than the________can cause health issues like diarrhea and inflammation of the stomach lining.
upper levels
what is the term for the maximum daily intake amounts of nutrients that are not likely to cause adverse effects in almost all individuals in a life-stage group?
upper levels
__________is the key to getting the array of nutrients offered by each food group
variety
1 cup
vegetables/fruits
which nutrients should people strive to reach 100% DV?
vitamin C iron fiber calcium vitamin A
what type of nutrients are absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and eventually to the liver before they enter the general circulation?
water-soluble compounds
what is the consequence of the fact that our species, like all other species, has considerable genetic variability?
we not only look different from each other, but we may also have anatomical and physiological variations
Sources of bottle water include the public water supply, spas, springs, geysers, and ________
wells
mL
1/1000L
in the united states _______ of the population is at increased risk of foodborne illness
1/4
cg
10 to the -2nd g
1g
10 to the 6th ug
what percent of the US population suffers from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
10-15%
fiber DRV
11.5 grams
the minimum safe cooking temp for fresh ground beef, veal, lamb, and pork is
160 F
what is the safe minimum temp for cooking a quiche?
160F
on nutrition facts labels, the % daily value is usually calculated based on both a ______ and a _______calorie diet
2,000 2,500
fat DRV
30%
if you consume an entire box of macaroni and cheese, based of the following information, how much total fat would you have eaten? servings: 6 total fat per serving: 7g (11%)
42g (66%)
your morning coffee will feel hot at 167 F; this is the same as_______C
75
A atom with 8 protons and 8 neutrons would have the atomic number of______
8
if the EAR for vitamin C is 75mg for men, what should the RDA be?
90mg 75x1.2=90
At the end of the semester, you have three quiz grades (85, 90, 65) and one test grade 99. Your test is worth 5 times your quizzes. What is your weighted average for the semester?
91.9 85+90+65+99x5= 735 sum of the weights=8 785/8=91.9
an adequate intakes should cover the needs of more than _______% of the individuals in a specific life-stage group.
97-98
for each macronutrient the ________ provide a range of intake associated with good health an da reduced risk of chronic diseases while providing for recommended intakes of essential nutrients
AMDRs
what is needed to facilitate active absorption?
ATP Energy A carrier protein
what considerations should be made in regards to alcohol consumption in order to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle?
Alcohol consumption should be restricted to low or moderate levels individuals with certain medical conditions should avoid alcohol individuals taking medications should check to see if alcohol can affect the medicine's purpose
Which of the observations listed below support the concept of a common ancestor of all living beings from which they evolved
DNA and RNA are the universal carriers of the genetic code similar organisms have fewer differences in their DNA than very different organisms cells are universal building blocks one genetic code is valid for all organisms
daily values (DV) are based on these two sets of dietary standards.
Daily Reference Values Reference Daily intakes
________ _________ have been set for 4 groups: infants, toddlers, pregnant or lactating women, and people over the age of four.
Daily Values
what is the generic nutrient standard set for energy-producing nutrients?
Daily reference values
a person's risk for developing a nutrient deficiency increases when their intake of a nutrient drops below their ________ for that nutrient
EAR
a person's risk for developing a nutrient deficiency increases when their intake of a nutrient drops below their_______ for that nutrient
EAR
a persons risk for developing a nutrient deficiency increases when their RDA for a nutrient regularly drops below the ______
EAR
which of the following statements about structure/function claims are true?
Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring the claims are accurate the FDA does not approve or authorize them
you move to Singapore with your family. You borrow the family car and have to fill up. Gas is priced at about $2/L converted to US dollars. In the US, you recall that you usually pay less than $4/US gallon. Is gas more or less expensive in Singapore than in the US?
More $2/L x 3.785L/1 US Gal= 7.57$/US gal
_________upper intake_________, or upper levels are the maximum daily intake amounts of nutrients that are not likely to cause adverse health effects in almost all individuals in a life stage group.
Tolerable levels
which of the following has a nutrition education component as a part of the program?
WIC
what qualities must a food product have in order for it to make a health claim?
a single serving of the food cannot contain more than 13g of fat, 4g of saturated fat, 60mg of cholesterol, and 480mg of sodium the product must meet criteria specific to the health claim being made the food must be a good source of fiber, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, or iron
food additives are substances added to food for the following reasons
act as a preservative
when a nutrient requires a carrier protein and energy in order to be absorbed, this is called
active absorption
identify causes of hemorrhoids
added stress to the veins of the ructum and anus pregnancy and obesity straining during bowel movements
________ _________ are daily intake amounts set for nutrients for which there are insufficient research data to establish an EAR
adequate intakes
what is the term for the daily intake amounts set for nutrients for which there are insufficient research data to establish EAR?
adequate intakes
a consequence to exposure of dioxins is
adverse effects on reproduction
what are the consequences of exposure to dioxins?
adverse effects on reproduction liver and nerve damage
which of the following is a concern regarding the safety of our water supply?
agricultural runoff
what are the safety threats to the U.S water supply?
agricultural runoff inadequate treatment of human waste pollution from boats and ships
which of the following dietary components are absorbed by the cells lining the stomach
alcohol fatty acids water
which of the following nutrients are absorbed directly into the blood and transported by the hepatic portal vein to the liver?
amino acids vitamin c monosaccharides
recall what must be accomplished before a food additive is approved
an accepted level for use of the substance of food is set safety testing must be conducted in at least 2 species information about chemical composition, how the product was manufactured, and laboratory methods used must be given to the FDA
165-211
bacteria (but not their spores) parasitic worms, and protozoa are killed
0-32
bacteria cannot grow but can survive and resume growth when thawed
41-135
bacterial growth is rapid
gluten is found in which of the following grains
barley rye wheat
what familiar item does MyPlate encourage people to use in order to estimate a 1 cup serving size?
baseball
what are some strategies to use when selecting nutritious vegetables
buy a variety of different types of vegetables buy dark green lettuce versus iceberg buy enough to fill your plate about 1/2 full with veggie and fruits
which types of bacteria cause food borne illness
campylobacter jejuni salmonella listeria monocytogenes
what are the main functions of food additives?
can function as flavor enhancers in food can function as emulsifiers can function as preservatives
Place the 5 sections of the large intestines in the order in which a substance would pass through the large intestines
cecum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon
place the 5 sections of the large intestines in the order in which a substance would pass through the large intestines
cecum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon
gluten-free diets have been shown to help people with
celiac disease
what is the name of a program funded by the older americans act where elderly can receive noontime and home delivered meals
congregate meals
what are some things that a person can do to work towards optimal nutritional health?
consume a variety of foods moderate the amount of food you eat eat a balanced diet
which of the following would be the best food recommendation for people over the age of 50?
consume foods fortified with vitamin B-12
nucleus
contains genetic information
staphylococcus aureus
contaminated ready to eat foods; ham, poultry, egg salads, custards, cream-filled pastries
individuals living in a food desert would be most likely to purchase food at
convenience stores fast food outlets
best way to destroy food borne viruses and bacteria
cooking
aflatoxin
corn, peanuts, rice
match the crop with the reason it was genetically engineered?
corn- pest control potatoes- kill beetles papaya- resistance to virus
what are some benefits of providing nutrition information of restaurant menus?
customers order lower-calorie meals for their children seeing calorie information leads to the purchase of lower calorie meals the information can lead to dietary improvements
reference_______ intakes are set for vitamins and most minerals-these nutrients have established nutrient standards, such as RDAs
daily
what are the estimated average requirements? (EAR)
daily nutrient intake amounts that are estimated to meet the needs of half of the people in a certain life stage
a _______ ________ is a generic nutrient standard used on nutrition facts labels; it comprises both RDIs and DRVs
daily value
the _______ ________ are based on 2 sets of dietary standards: reference daily intakes and daily reference values
daily values
fat-free milk, low fat cheeses and yogurt, and part skim cheeses are all good sources of while of MyPlate food groups?
dairy
the temperature range between 41 and 135 degrees Fahrenheit, which is associated with the promotion of bacterial growth, is commonly referred to as the ______ ________ temperatures.
danger zone
the latest recommendations from the food and nutrition board are called ________ __________ __________ and they include 5 sets of standards.
dietary reference intakes
what are the latest recommendations from the food and nutrition board called?
dietary reference intakes
experts think that ________ development will improve food security as the population grows
economic
which foods are addressed in the food quality protection act of 1996?
eggs beef apples sugar potatoes chicken
which foods have been approved by the FDA for the use of food irradiation?
eggs fresh fruits and veggies meats
SNAP recipients are given ______ to purchase food and garden seeds
electronic benefit transfer card (EBT)
the nucleus of an atoms does not contain_______
electrons
___________calorie foods are ones that are high in solid fats/and or added sugar. They provide calories, but few to no nutrients.
empty
One function of bile in digestion is to_________fats, disperse fat into many tiny droplets
emulsify
one function of bile in digestion is to _______ fats, disperse fat into many tiny droplets
emulsify
one function of bile in digestion is to_____fats, disperse fat into many tiny droplets
emulsify
_________ density is determined by comparing a food's caloric content per gram weight of the food
energy
for most adults, the best estimate of energy needs in relation to the _____ _______ _______ is the amount of energy required to achieve and maintain a healthy weight
estimated energy requirements
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with other serious digestive disorders
false
The process of digestion begins in the stomach with the gastric enzymes
false
the FDA must approve and authorize structure/function claims and they are also responsible for ensuring the accuracy of these claims
false
when using MyPlate, remember that some specific foods are required because they include all nutrients needed for a good diet.
false
a local food system allows _______ and producers to grow and sell foods directly to consumers
farmers
using low fat dressing, eating a baked potato instead of french fries, and choosing smaller servings of high fat foods are all great strategies to use when trying to reduce ________ intake
fat
which of the following is absorbed via passive diffusion
fats
the largest contributor of food to emergency food programs is ________ _________
feeding america
what is it called when the quality, variety, and/or desirability of the diet are reduced and there is difficulty at times providing enough food for everyone in the household?
food insecurity
FDA
food is safe for humans
what are some potential benefits of biotechnology?
foods that don't cause allergic reaction greater food yield longer shelf life more nutrient dense food
when compared to conventional agriculture, organic farming can reduce _______ consumption
fossil fuel
which nutrient is absorbed via facilitated diffusion?
fructose
a smoothie, melon salad, and 100% grape juice would all be good sources of _______ based on the MyPlate guidelines
fruit
food labels must specify the country of origin for which of the following products?
fruits peanuts meat poultry
what is the term for a measure that typically evaluates the activity of an enzyme in the body or the ability of a cell or an organ to maintain normal physiological function
functional markers
experiencing heartburn more than 2 times a week may be a symptom of the digestive disorder__________.
gastroesophageal reflux disease
which of the following is a reason that biotechnology may not significantly reduce undernutrition in the developing world?
high price of foods
How well a person's individual organs work is determined by
his/her overall nutritional state
poverty rates are greatest for what groups?
hispanics children native americans
what can be sources of lead
home plumbing imported pottery herbal remedies
what are some strategies that can be used to reduce portion size?
if you eat a hamburger for lunch, have a salad with lots of veggies and low-calorie dressing for dinner consume mostly nutrient dense foods if you prefer low-fat milk to fat-free, find ways to cut fat out of other foods that you eat
what are some practical strategies that a person can use to increase their consumption of healthy protein?
increase fish consumption decrease red meat add beans to diet
food preservation techniques
increase shelf life decrease growth of microorganisms in foods
what are the detriments regarding the use of rBGH
increase use of antibiotics in dairy cows mastitis
what are the benefits of rBGH?
increased milk production
which of these is not a concern of consumers regarding GM foods?
increased nutrient value of foods
the villi facilitate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine by
increasing the surface area
examples of pesticides
insecticides fungicides herbicides
identify all of the best food changes that promote increased health
instead of chips, eat pretzels instead of eating white bread, eat whole-wheat bread instead of eating a potato salad, eat a three bean salad
the substance necessary for the body to absorb vitamin B-12 is
intrinsic factor
which statement is true about how food irradiation controls microbial growth?
irradiation foods extend the shelf life of food and control the growth of insects and pathogens in foods
biological pest management
is defined as the process of controlling agricultural pests by using natural predators, parasites, or pathogens
what are some benefits of keeping track of your diet?
it can help identify which nutrients might be lacking it can help you take steps to improve your diet it can make you more thoughtful about your food choices
rank from smallest to largest
kilo milli micro nano
intentional food additives
knowingly incorporated into food products by manufacturers
the products name, the address of the manufacturer, the amount of product in the package, and a nutrition facts panel should all be included on a product's food________.
label
beneficial bacteria reside in the ______ intestine.
large
beneficial bacteria reside in the_____intestine
large
the_____intestine is the main site where electrolytes, especially sodium and potassium, are absorbed.
large
which food borne related illness is 20 times more likely to develop in pregnant women?
listeriosis
which of the following statements are examples of a nutrient content claims?
low in fat rich in calcium zero calories
foods likely to pose risk for food borne illness should be stored on the _________ shelves of the refrigerator
lower
which of the following are true about the lymphatic system
lymph is a clear liquid until carrying fats, causing a milky look to the lymph the villi contain lacteals to transport nutrients to larger lymph vessels
what are some changes being made to restaurant menus in order to provide increased consumer awareness?
menus contain the nutrition information for each food many restaurants post nutrition info for their menu items online restaurants post displays in their stores to notify consumers of nutrition info
what are some examples of environmental and other contaminants that may be found in out food supply ?
mercury dioxins lead
the role of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine is to
metabolize undigested food make vitamin k and biotin
what are the effects of mercury consumption
nerve damage birth defects fatigue
high level food security
no indication of food access problems or limitation
what are some qualities of a typical north american diet?
not enough fruits and vegetables too high in calories too high in sugar and salt
a _______ content claim describes the nutrient in a food
nutrient
"Rich in vitamin A" is an example of which type of claim?
nutrient content
what type of databases make it possible to estimate the amount of calories in many foods, see how closely intake matches RDA and DV, and can be used to determine the nutrient and energy density of foods?
nutrient databases
parasites absorb ______ from their host
nutrients
unregulated use, inconsistent measures, and unverifiable claims are all concerns associated with what information of a food product?
nutrition symbols
as developing countries become westernized their diet changes. this phenomenon is known as
nutrition transition
although not a food group with Myplate, ________ are needed in small amounts to supply the body with essential fatty acids. some good sources include fish and salad dressing/
oils
match the reason why fish is recommended and then the reason why fish is not recommended
omega 3 fatty acids mercury
which statements are true about the novorius infection?
onset of symptoms occurs 1-2 days after exposure symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, cramp, fever
the term ______ refers to a way agricultural products are produced with no synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, or hormones, and no antibiotics, genetic engineering, or irradiation
organic
it is important to keep________size under control so that you can eat a balanced and varied diet without consuming more calories, fat, cholesterol, sugar, and sodium than you need.
portion
what are some benefits of food additives?
preserve food prevent deterioration of food products from insects and other natural causes
________weight loss is associated with the formation of gallstones
rapid
salmonella
raw and undercooked meat, fish, poultry, eggs, raw sprouts, and juice
campylobacter jejuni
raw and undercooked meat; unpasteurized milk; contaminated water
which of the following technologies allows access to a wider gene pool and permits faster and more accurate production of new microbial, plant, and animal species?
recombinant DNA
_______ ________ ________ are daily nutrient intake amounts sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all individuals (97-98%) in a life stage
recommended dietary allowances
the daily nutrient intake amounts sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all individuals in a life stage is called_______
recommended dietary allowances
select the five sets of standards that make up the DRIs?
recommended dietary allowances (RDA) estimated energy requirements (EER) estimated average requirements (EAR) adequate intakes (AI) tolerable upper intakes levels
32-40
recommended refrigerator temperature -some bacteria can still multiply
daily _______ values are standards set for energy-producing nutrients like fat, carbohydrates, protein, cholesterol, sodium, and potassium
reference
bacteria
requires nutrients, water and warmth to proliferate
food additives considered sage included in the generally recognized as ________ (GRAS) list
safe
lingual lipase and salivary amylase are two components of the liquid called________which is produced by glands in the mouth
saliva
lingual lipase salivary amylase are two components of the liquid called _______ which is produced by glands in the mouth
saliva
prior __________ substances are additives approved by the FDA and USDA as being safe for use before 1958
sanctioned
which programs became available to help children who come to school hungry?
school breakfast program national school lunch program
this GI regulatory hormone is released by the small intestine in response to acidic chyme and stimulates release of pancreatic bicarbonate
secretin
the thickest and strongest muscles of the GI tract are found in this organ, allowing for more complete mixing of foods with gastric juices
stomach
the layer of the four layers of the wall of the intestinal tract contains the blood vessels that carry nutrients and other substances both to and from the GI tract.
submucosa
the contents of the stomach pass through the pyloric sphincter at the rate of a _______at a time
teaspoon
212-250
temperature for canning low-acid foods. spores are killed
why was the food and nutrition board originally formed?
the board was formed in response to many young men who were rejected from military service due to poor health
what constitutes an organic food certification
the food must be grown on a farm certified by the USDA as an organic farm
which statement is correct in terms of pesticide use and the effects on human health?
the health effects of pesticide use depend upon the type of chemical, its concentration in the food, and individual vulnerability to pesticides
what are some benefits of using a sustainable agriculture system?
the natural environment and resources are maintained farm families are provided a secure living livestock are treated in humane ways
which statement about serving sizes is true?
they are consistent among similar foods
what are some benefits to having nutrient databases?
they make it possible to estimate quickly the amount of calories in foods we eat they can be used to determine the nutrient density of foods they allow us to see how closely intake matches dietary standards
which statement about nutrient databases is true?
they require a lot of research
why were the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges established?
they were established to reduce the risk of nutrient-related chronic diseases
what are some goals of the dietary guidelines?
to aid in food labeling to reduce obesity to guide government nutrition programs
identify one of the main goals of the dietary guidelines
to stress that nutrient needs should be met primarily by consuming foods
in the grocery store, SNAP participants can receive food but cannot buy ______, cleaning items, _________ beverages, and nonedible food products with SNAP benefits
tobacco alcoholic
for optimal health, people should aim to keep their intake of which nutrients below 100% DV?
total fat saturated fat sodium cholesterol
each enzyme is specific to only one type of chemical process
true
fluids involved in the processes of digestion and absorption may contain water, mucus, aid, digestive enzymes, bile, and hormone
true
not all bacteria are pathogenic and cause food borne illness
true
nutrition labels are often condensed to help consumers make healthy choices
true
people are more likely to die from infectious diarrhea if they have been chronically undernourished
true
sustainable practices offer fair treatment for all individuals involved in the farming process, from the farmer to farm workers and even extending to animals raised for food
true
digestive enzymes are very specific with regard to the
type of chemical reaction they catalyze pH of the environment in which they function vitamin or mineral cofactors they require to function
the function of the epithelial cells are to absorb nutrients, secrete important substance, excrete______and protect underlying tissues
waste
which of the following are absorbed in the large intestine?
water and electrolytes
hydrolysis reactions
water molecules are used to break down large molecules are catalyzed by digestive enzymes yield molecules small enough to be absorbed through the intestinal wall
WIC stands for _________, ___________, and _________.
women, infants, and children
