Nutrition and drugs chapter 7
Allergic reactions can result in what kind of shock?
Anaphylactic shock
What kind of amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet?
Essential amino acid
What breaks down polypeptides into shorter peptides and amino acids?
Trypsin and chymotrypsin
True or false: 13 is the most important nutrient class
False
People with celiac disease must avoid products with:
Gluten
Rank the basic steps of proteins synthesis
1. DNA Unwinds exposing a gene 2. The gene undergoes transcription, forming messenger RNA 3. mRNA transfers the information from the nucleus to ribosomes 4. The ribosomes "read" The messenger RNA 5. RNA molecule conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome 6. At the river some, the amino acid attaches to the peptide chain
Rank in order the steps involved in the digestion of protein beginning in the stomach
1. Denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin 2. The pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes 3. Final digestion occurs within absorption of cells 4. Amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver 5. Rectum: very little dietary protein is excreted in feces
What is the process of protein digestion in correct order?
1. Digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. Further digestion occurs as a pancreas secretes proteins splitting enzymes, including trypsin 3. Final digestion occurs within absorptive cells 4. Amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver
Where are dipeptides and tripeptides broken into amino acids?
Absorptive cells
An immunologist is a physician who specializes in the treatment and diagnosis of...
Allergies
What will prevent the absorption of nutrients, often leading to malnutrition?
Damaged villi
What is a ovovegetarian?
Eats eggs but no other animal Foods
What is a lactovegetarian?
Eats milk in the milk products but no animal flesh or eggs
The amino acid pool is an _______ source of nitrogen
Endogenous
Pepsin
Is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins
What occurs when the amount of protein consumed equals the amount of protein lost?
Nitrogen equilibrium
A chemical attraction that connects to amino acids together is called:
Peptide bond
What is the term for the chemical bond formed between amino acid in a protein?
Peptide bond
What happens to the protein production when the supply or "pool" Of amino acids does not have one or more of the essential amino acid needed for constructing the protein?
Production of the protein stops
Amino acids are the building blocks of....
Protein
Nitrogen equilibrium occurs when...
Protein intake equals protein losses
What is tRNA Responsible for?
Responsible for bringing specific amino acids to the ribosomes as needed during protein synthesis
What are unproven diagnostic methods for allergies?
• electro dermal testing • hair analysis • diagnosis performed by an alternative medical practitioner
Rank the correct order for the steps of urea production and removal
1. deamination 2. Liver converts ammonia to urea 3. Urea is released into the blood 4. Can you pick up urea and illuminate it in the urine
Anemia, liver disease, osteoporosis, and infertility can result from untreated....
Celiac disease
Individuals who have experienced a serious viral infection or suffer severe emotional stress are at increased risk for....
Celiac disease
What type of disease results and the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine?
Celiac disease
what is PKU (phenylketonuria)
Is a rare genetic metabolic disorder that affects infants. It usually occurs when cells are unable to produce an enzyme that converts the essential amino acid phenyalanine to other compounds
What is a peptide bond?
Is an attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
What is protein turnover
Is the process by which cells break down old proteins and re-synthesize new proteins so that the cell will have the proteins it needs to function at that time
When does protein undergo denaturation?
It undergoes denaturation when it is exposed to various conditions that alter the macronutrients natural folded and coiled shape.
What is a lactoovovegetarian?
It's milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal Foods
The study of how a persons genetic make up influences the way their body reacts to food is called...
Nutrigenetics
The study of the interaction between diabetes and the development of obesity is an example of....
Nutrigenetics
The study of how excess vitamin a consumption during pregnancy can cause birth defects in the developing embryo is an example of
Nutrigenomics
The study of how the nutrients and other components and food can affect gene expression is called.....
Nutrigenomics
The branch of science that studies the interactions between gene functioning, dietary choices and the environment is called
Nutritional genomics
During proteins synthesis, the mRNA moves where after leaving the nucleus?
Ribosomes
What is transamination?
The process of transferring a nitrogen containing group to another substance to make an amino acid
The process of transferring a nitrogen containing group to another substance to make an amino acid is called:
Transamination
True or false: every sell contains protein
True
A _____ amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet
• essential • indispensable
What are the potential causes of denaturation?
• heat • stomach acid
Forms of PEM include
• kwashiorkor • marasmus
A crescent shaped blood cell is indicative of:
• sickle cell anemia • genetic disorder • faulty DNA code