Nutrition and Drugs Final Ch. 9
This is the most plentiful mineral in the body and is involved in muscle contraction and bone development and maintenance,
Calcium
Which hormone causes the breakdown of bone tissue in response to low levels of calcium in the blood?
Parathyroid
Consumption of which mineral may be able to lower blood pressure?
Potassium
Foods high in this mineral may REDUCE blood pressure.
Potassium
Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission?
Potassium Sodium Calcium
Much of the zinc in our diet is supplied by the consumption of______.
Poultry Red Meat
Where does water move if a cell has fewer sodium ions in the cell than there are in the solution surrounding the cell?
The water moves into the surrounding solution.
What gland uses iodine?
Thyroid Gland
Select the primary function of iodine.
Thyroid hormone synthesis
T/F: There is no Upper Level for potassium.
True
T/F: Trace minerals that have yet to have a clearly identified function in humans include boron, nickel, vanadium, arsenic, lithium, and silicon.
True
Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving.
Tuna, 3 oz
The body's ability to absorb and use minerals is called _____.
bioavailability
The production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach requires the mineral ___.
chloride
What term describes the depletion of body water?
dehydration
A substance that increases urine output is called a ___.
diuretic
Coffee, tea, and energy drinks act as ___ increasing urine production.
diuretics
Which type of body water surrounds cells and makes up the watery portion of blood?
extracellular
This mineral is added to drinking water due to its ability to strengthen teeth and prevent cavities.
fluoride
The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to tissues and some carbon dioxide away from tissues is called _____.
hemoglobin
High sodium intake, greater than 2300 mg/day, is implicated in which disease?
high blood pressure
Enzymes that require manganese function in all of the following processes EXCEPT ___.
immune function
This mineral is used by the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Deficiency can lead to weight gain, fatigue and goiter.
iodine
This mineral makes up a portion of the structure of the oxygen carrying molecules hemoglobin and myoglobin. Deficiency leads to anemia.
iron
Myoglobin is the ____ protein that binds oxygen in muscle tissue.
iron-containing
Zinc _____ widespread in the food chain.
is
Fluoride _____ an essential nutrient
is not
Roles for chloride in the body include _____.
maintaining acid base balance maintaining fluid balance nerve transmission
The group of elements that exist in the Earth's rocks, soil and water is called ___.
minerals
A male has more muscle tissue than a female, therefore he will have _____ fluid in his body.
more
Lean muscle tissue contains ____ water than fat tissue.
more
The protein in muscle cells that controls oxygen uptake from red blood cells and contains iron is ___.
myoglobin
When the density and quality of bone is reduced and a person has porous bone, the individual is diagnosed as having ___.
osteoporosis
Iron is an important component of______.
red blood cells
What is the term used to describe the movement of substances from where they are highly concentrated to where they are less concentrated?
simple diffusion
Which of the following is NOT true regarding minerals
there are no harmful minerals in the body
When blood calcium is high, which gland secretes a hormone to allow the bones to use calcium to build strength?
thyroid
Iron, zinc, chromium, and copper are all _____ minerals.
trace
Most of the calcium in American diets come from _____.
yogurt fluid milk cheese
T/F: Bottled water is safer than tap water.
False
T/F: Water is digested in the stomach and absorbed in the small intestine.
False
T/F: Chromium is a trace mineral because it is needed in large amounts.
False, Chromium being a trace chemical means, the body needs it in small amounts.
Which of the following is a role of sodium in the human body?
Fluid Balance
Plants obtain the minerals they need from______.
Soil, Fertilizers
Bottled water is better than tap water.
False
The Adequate Intake for total water is approximately ______ cups per day for young women. (Note that this question is asking for total water intake which includes fluid intake as well as water from food sources.)
11
The Adequate Intake for total water intake is ______ cups per day for young adult men and ______ cups per day for young adult women.
15.5, 11
Which of the following readings would be considered to be hypertension?
150/95
In the body, copper is involved in all of the following EXCEPT
Acid-Base Balance
What hormone produced by the adrenal gland tells the kidneys to conserve sodium which also causes a conservation of water?
Aldosterone
Which of the following minerals may have physiological roles in the body, but since their roles are not clear they have not been classified as essential nutrients?
Arsenic Nickel
Choose the good food sources of magnesium.
Beans, nuts, and seeds Chocolate Spinach and green leafy vegetables Whole grains
Which of the following are good sources of iron?
Beef Liver Pumpkin Seeds
Foods that contain milk but are not good sources of calcium include _____.
Butter Sour Cream and Cream Cheese Cottage Cheese
A danger of taking potassium supplements is that if the mineral accumulates in the blood, it can Blank______.
Cause the heart to stop beating
Because molybdenum is needed for the function of several enzymes, molybdenum is considered to be a ________.
Cofactor
One role of which mineral is to associate with several enzymes that act as antioxidants?
Copper
Manganese is a component and activator of many ______.
Enzymes
Enzymes that require manganese function in which of the following processes, EXCEPT?
Immune Function
Roles for sulfur in the body include being______.
Incorporated into antioxidant molecules Required for enzyme activity
Where does water move, if a cell has more sodium ions in the cell than there are in the solution surrounding the cell?
Into the Cell
Which of the following is a trace mineral?
Iodine
Which of the following is considered a major mineral (needed in quantities of greater than 100mg)?
Magnesium
Select the food source that has the least amount of selenium per serving.
Mushrooms, 1/2 cup
What is the source of most minerals?
Natural Water Earth's Rocks Soils
Choose the functions of iron.
Needed for immune system function Important in brain development Necessary for oxygen transport
Since there is no Upper Level set for potassium, is it advisable for individuals to take potassium supplements?
No
What is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmosis
The chronic disease characterized by loss of bone mass and reduced bone structure is called _________.
Osteoporosis
Choose the roles of sodium within the body.
Proper muscle functioning Transporting small substances into cells Nerve transmission
Which of the following is not a good source of magnesium?
Refined Grains
Which of the following are good food sources of calcium?
Sardines canned in oil with bones Cheese Bok choy
The safety standards for bottled water are ____ to those for tap water.
Similar
What is the term used to describe the movement of substances from where they are highly concentrated to where they are less concentrated?
Simple diffusion
Overconsumption of which mineral can cause hypertension?
Sodium
The roles for fluoride in the body involve the______.
Strengthening of teeth Strengthening of bones
In the body, copper is involved in______.
Sulfite oxidase Aldehyde oxidase
Molybdenum is required for the normal function of which enzymes?
Sulfite oxidase Aldehyde oxidase
The mineral that is a component of the amino acids, cysteine and methionine is .
Sulfur
Select the food that supplies the highest source of iron.
Whole grain total, cereal, 3/4 cup
Is chromium known as an essential trace mineral for humans?
Yes
The primary function of iron is to______.
aid in oxygen transportation