Nutrition and Health GWC Prof. Shipp
Which of the following types of oil is the best source of healthy, unsaturated fats? Butter Canola Oil Lard Stick margarine
Canola Oil
High levels of _________ in the blood are associated with a reduction in the risk of heart disease chylomicrons HDL VDL VLDL
HDL
Which of the following is an example of an unrefined food? Buttermilk pancake cornflakes cereal oatmeal white bread
Oatmeal
Dehydration can cause symptoms in a matter of hours
True
The gastrointestinal tract is part of the endocrine system because it releases _____ that regulate digestion and the rate at which food moves through the digestive system enzymes hormones mucus nerves
hormones
MyPlate: divides foods into 4 groups illustrates the appropriate proportions of food replaces the dietary guidelines for Americans all of these are characteristic of MyPlate
illustrates the appropriate proportions of food
Some nutrient deficiencies occur quickly, whereas others take more time to develop. Which of the following nutrient deficiencies are listed in the order reflecting most quickly to least quickly? Dehydration, osteoporosis, scurvy Scurvy, dehydration, osteoporosis Osteoporosis, dehydration, scurvy Dehydration, Scurvy, Osteoporosis
Dehydration, Scurvy, Osteoporosis
Each villus contains a capillary where fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed
False
Epidemiological studies determine cause-and effect relationships
False
Fat substitutes are fats that have been modified either to provide the physical attributes of fat for fewer calories or to: Interfere with absorption of fat Help the body burn more fat Increase the body's absorption of fat Affect the taste of the dietary fat
Interfere with absorption of fat
Which of the following are good sources of the essential fatty acids linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic? Bananas Walnuts Oatmeal Chocolate
Walnuts
The DRIs tell you how much of each nutrient you need and help you choose foods that will meet these needs
false
The top three causes of death in the US include stroke, cancer, and heart disease. All of these conditions are thought to be exacerbated by high intake of diet soda lack of sleep low intake of phytochemical obesity
obesity
The current U.S. diet contains a higher ratio of which fatty acid than is optimal for health? DHA EPA omega-3 omega-6
omega-6
The ____ is responsible for swallowing and is also part of the respiratory tract epiglottis esophagus mouth pharynx
pharynx
All of the following are examples of carbohydrates except: fiber protein starches sugars
protein
protein and amino acid supplements are rarely needed to increase protein needs
true
the food label must indicate whether the product contains any of the most common food allergens
true
Most of the nitrogen we lose is the lost in/through our feces skin sweat urine
urine
All of the following are macronutrients except carbohydrate lipids protein vitamin
vitamin
With the exception of ________, all the classes of nutrients are involved in forming and maintaining the body's structure carbohydrates lipids minerals vitamins
vitamins
The amount of carbohydrate required to meet energy needs, provide adequate glucose, and prevent ketosis is _______ grams per day 20 80 130 280
130
The dietary guidelines for Americans promote a minimum of ____ minutes of moderated exercise 40 80 120 150
150
You should keep your dietary fat intake between 8 and 10 % of your daily calories 20 and 35 % of your daily calories 35 and 40% of your daily calories 300 and 500 milligrams daily
20 and 35 % of your daily calories
The daily value amounts listen in the nutrition fact panel are based on a _____ calorie diet 1500 1800 2000 2500
2000
MyPlate: Divides food into 3 groups Illustrates the inappropriate proportions of food Is the the USDA's current food guide All of these are characteristic of MyPlate
Is the the USDA's current food guide
Which of the following is a source of complete protein? Kidney beans Peanut butter Soy milk pasta
Kidney beans
Protein is found abundantly in the: Dairy group and the fat group Protein group and the fruit group Fruit group and the dairy group Protein group and dairy group
Protein group and dairy group
A healthy diet is based on variety, balance and moderation
True
Glucose can be used to make fatty acids
True
high-protein diets do not increase water loss
false
All of the following foods contain cholesterol except: boiled eggs hamburger cooked on the grill avocado salmon
Avocado
____________ helps to emulsify fat in your gastrointestinal tract Micelles Lingual Lipase Gastric lipase Bile
Bile
A deficient intake of ______ is known to produce osteoporosis calcium iron Vitamin A Vitamin C
Calcium
Gary had the following blood levels (mg/100ml): cholesterol 245, HDL 35, LDL 99. Which of these blood lipid levels put him at risk for heart diease? Cholesterol and HDL Cholesterol and HDl and LDL Cholesterol and LDL HDL and LDL
Cholesterol and HDL
Nutrient content and health claims are approved by the: FDA Food manufacturer USDA US Department of public Health
FDA
Following the MyPlate food is the healthiest plan to follow
False
Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in plants
False
MyPlate emphasizes the importance of proportionality, moderation, and nutrient density but not variety
False
Only the carbohydrates that are completely digested have an impact on overall health
False
The Dietary Reference Intake are only concerned with the correction of nutrient deficiencies
False
The dietary guidelines for Americans are designed to promote health and reduce the risk of overweight, obesity and chronic diseases in toddlers
False
The most common cause of peptic ulcers is misuse of medications such as aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
False
The process of enrichment adds back all of the nutrients that are lost during processing.
False
Limited amounts of surplus amino acids are stored in your body in your: Muscles Fat stores Amino acid pools Stomach
Fat stores
Fat in foods is a source of: Flavor Carbohydrates Minerals Fiber
Flavor
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is FALSE? Glucose is the main component of starch and glycogen Glucose is also called blood sugar Glucose is the most common disaccharide in our diet Glucose is the most important carbohydrate fuel for the human body
Glucose is the most common disaccharide in our diet
Which is NOT an example of moderation in your diet and lifestyle? Going back for seconds on all dinner items, rather than just the item you like best East dessert occasionally Balancing an extra dessert with extra exercise Sharing a restaurant entrée or dessert with your dinner companion
Going back for seconds on all dinner items, rather than just the item you like best
Which lipoprotein contains the highest proportion of protein? Chylomicron HDL VDL VLDL
HDL
Protein plays many important roles in your body. Which roll does it NOT play in your body? Helping you fight the flu Allowing you to sit, walk, run, and lie down Helping you absorb fat-soluble vitamins in the diet Transporting fat and cholesterol through your blood
Helping you absorb fat-soluble vitamins in the diet
Which of the following statements is false about omega-3 fatty acids? Fish is a good food source High amounts in the diet help to lower blood pressure High amounts in the diet increase inflammation Walnuts, canola oil, and flaxseed are good food sources
High amounts in the diet increase inflammation
Brendan is a 20-year-old male. How much protein does he need daily? 0.70 gram per kilogram body weight 0.80 gram per kilogram body weight 0.85 gram per kilogram body weight 1.0 gram per kilogram body weight
0.80
Each gram of fat from the diet contains_____ calories 2 4 7 9
9
There are _____ essential amino acids that cannot be made by the body 7 9 10 11
9
The type of lipoprotein that carries absorbed fat and other lipids through the lymph system is called: VLDL LDL Bile acid A chylomicron
A chylomicron
Bile is: produced by the liver stored in the gallbladder released in the small intestine All of these
All of these
Excess body fat is associated with an increased risk of: cardiovascular disease diabetes high blood pressure All of these
All of these
Sources of hidden fat in our diet include cheese and ice cream doughnuts and cookies muffins and French Fries All of these are sources of hidden fat
All of these are sources of hidden fat
A lacto-ovo-vegetarian is coming to your house for dinner. You need to make a meal that she will enjoy. Which would not be an acceptable entrée? Stir-fired tofu and vegetable over brown rice A cheese and broccoli omelette Baked ziti with ricotta cheese, spinach and tomato sauce An anchovy pizza
An anchovy pizza
Which lipoprotein contains the highest proportion of cholesterol? Chylomicron HDL VDL VLDL
LDL
Which of the following represents the correct order of steps of the scientific method? Conduct the experiment, develop a hypothesis, form a theory, make an observation Develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, make an observation, form a theory Form a theory, conduct the experiment, develop a hypothesis, make an observation Make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, form a theory
Make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, form a theory
Which of the following is not a peer-reviewed journal? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition The International Journal of Sport Nutrition The Journal of the American Diabetic Association Men's Health
Men's Health
Compared to anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrate, aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates produces______ ATP molecule for each glucose molecule More the same amount fewer
More
Which of the following is the best definition of essential nutrients? Nutrients a person must consume to build muscle Nutrients a person must consume in the diet to maintain health Nutrients that should be taken as supplements Nutrients that are provided by animals foods only
Nutrients a person must consume in the diet to maintain health
__________ is an important component of cell membranes, forming a lipid bilayer by orienting the water-soluble portion towards the water environment Cholesterol Phospholipid Saturated Fatty Acid Triglyceride
Phospholipid
_______, when consumed in diet, can help reduce blood cholesterol levels Animals fat Calcium Plant Sterols Vitamin D
Plant sterols
________ is a condition in which blood glucose levels are above normal but not high enough to be diagnosed with diabetes Type 1 diabetes Gestational Diabetes Type 2 Prediabetes
Prediabetes
Which of the following statement about proteins is false? Dietary protein from animal sources better matches the amino acid needs of humans compared to dietary protein derived from plants sources Proteins are composed of amino acids Proteins are made of amino acids, vitamins and minerals Proteins differ based on the combination of amino acids used in each type of protein
Proteins are made of amino acids, vitamins and minerals
Trans fats are unhealthy for your heart because they: Lower LDL cholesterol Levels Raises HDL and LDL cholesterol levels Raises LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol levels Have no effect on LDL cholesterol
Raises LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol levels
Which of the following will not denature a protein? Grilling a chicken breast Frying an egg Marinating a steak in red wine Refrigerating milk
Refrigerating milk
The major dietary component that raises your LDL cholesterol is: Viscous, soluble fiber Green Tea Saturated Fat Plant Sterols
Saturated Fat
Donald has heart disease. To obtain heart healthy omega-3 fatty acids, he should eat: A tuna fish sandwich at lunch and a burger king fish sandwich for dinner Shrimp for lunch and salmon for dinner Fish and chips for lunch and flounder for dinner Fried fish sticks at lunch and steamed lobster for dinner
Shrimp for lunch and salmon for dinner
A protein's shape, and therefore its function in your body, is determined by the interactions of ____ with each other and their environment. The amino acid in the protein The water molecules in the protein The carbons in protein The peptide bonds in the protein
The amino acid in the protein
Kwashiorkor is a type of PEM that develops when: There is a severe deficiency in protein in the diet but an adequate amount of calories There are inadequate amounts of both protein and calories in the diet There is an inadequate amount of animal protein in the diet There are adequate amounts of both protein and calories in your diet
There is a severe deficiency in protein in the diet but an adequate amount of calories
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation or scientific problem that can be tested through experimentation
True
According to MyPlate, half of your plate should be fruits and vegetables
True
Choosing a variety of foods is important because no single food can provide all the nutrients the body needs for optimal health
True
Dietary supplements are required to carry a supplement fact panel similar to the nutrition facts panel on food labels
True
Fiber retains water, thus when adequate fiber and fluids are consumed, feces have a higher water content and are more easily passed.
True
Food allergies have their origins in the GI tract
True
Foods with a high nutrient density contain more nutrients per calorie than do foods with a lower nutrient density
True
Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates in the past few decades has been implicated in causing obesity
True
Making varied choices both from the different food groups and from within each food group is important because nutrients and other food comments interact
True
Mild ketosis can occur during times of starvation or when consuming a low-carbohydrate weight-loss plan
True
Moderation is a concept that makes it easier to balance your diet and include the foods you like
True
MyPlate was designed to put the recommendation of the dietary guidelines into practice
True
Nutrigenomics explores the interaction between genetic variation and nutrition
True
Photosynthesis uses energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose
True
Results from a single experiment are not enough to develop a theory
True
The DASH eating plan includes more serving per day of fruits and vegetables
True
The current edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans focuses on balancing calorie intake with physical activity and consuming nutrient-dense foods and beverages
True
The gram of sugar on the food label do not differentiate between natural and added sugars
True
Women who have gestational diabetes are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life
True
Which of the following statements about fortified foods is false? Fortification of food began to help eliminate the nutrient deficiencies in the populations. Milk with added Vitamin D is an example of food fortification Voluntary food fortification may increase the likelihood of consuming an excess of some nutrients Voluntary fortification of foods is at the discretion of the federal government
Voluntary fortification of foods is at the discretion of the federal government
Based on the type of fat found in the following foods, which would be the healthiest choice for break from the grains group? Whole grain toast with honey Poptart English muffin with butter French toast sticks with margarine
Whole grain toast with honey
As validated by evidenced-based research, the major health concern with high protein diet is dehydration kidney stone formation urinary calcium excretion a high intake of saturated fat and cholesterol
a high intake of saturated fat and cholesterol
A registered dietitian is nutrition professional who has earned at least a bachelor degree in nutrition-related field has met national certification requirements to provide nutrition education is an excellent source of credible nutrition information a registered dietitian is all of these
a registered dietitian is all of these
_____ is a circular muscle that acts as a valve, opening and closing to allow the gastric contents to move throughout the GI tract. connective tissue the lumen a sphincter the rectum
a sphincter
The effective chemical digestion of protein in the stomach requires a/an ________ environment? acidic alkaline basic neutral
acidic
Common food allergies included milk and eggs peanut and tree nuts wheat, so, fish, and shellfish all of the above
all of the above
Nutrition recommendations are develop to address the nutritional concern of the population evaluate the nutrient intake of the population help individuals meet their specific nutrient needs all of these are true
all of these are true
Glucagon: stimulates the breakdown of liver glycogen promotes the synthesis of glucose raised blood glucose levels all of these choice
all of these choices
In nutrition, the scientific method is used to develop nutrient recommendation learn about the role of nutrition in promoting health and preventing disease understand the function of the nutrients all of these choices
all of these choices
Plant food generally are excellent sources of fiber phytochemicals unsaturated fats all of these choices
all of these choices
Factors that influence transit time include all of the following EXCEPT the composition of the meal emotional status of the individual use of certain medication all of these influence transit time
all of these influence transit time
The order and chemical properties of _____ in a polypeptide chain determine how the polypeptide fold, and thus the shape of the molecule formed amino acids carboxylic acids lipoproteins water molecules
amino acids
Proteins are broken down into ____ whereas fats are digested mostly into _____. amino acids, sugars amino acids, fatty acids fatty acids, sugar glucose, vitamin
amino acids, fatty acids
Which of following is the correct order, from smallest unit to largest? atom--> cell --> molecules-->tissues atom-->molecules-->cells--> tissues cells--> molecules--> tissues--> cells molecules-->atoms-->cells-->tissue
atom-->molecules-->cells--> tissues
The unit of measure that is used in nutrition science that expresses the amount of energy provided by a food is a (n): calorie nutrient nutrient-dense food unit of glucose
calorie
According to the AMDR, the majority of calories you eat should come from carbohydrates fat protein vitamin
carbohydrates
an autoimmune response related to gluten intolerance is called kwashiorkor disease marasmus disease celiac disease shipp disease
celiac disease
the smallest unit of life are atoms cells organs tissues
cells
Which of the following is NOT a common food allergen chicken eggs low-fat milk wheat germ
chicken
When the epiglottis doesn't move correctly it can lead to choking constipation heartburn vomiting
choking
Starch and dietary fiber are classified as: complex carbohydrates monosaccharide refined sugars simple sugars
complex carbohydrates
Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include: coconut oil corn oil palm oil plant sterol
corn oil
When salivary amylase enters the stomach, the acid causes the structure of this enzyme to change so that it no longer able to function. This change in structure is called deamination deformation denaturation deactivation
denaturation
When you eat a taco, the tortilla, meat, cheese, lettuce and tomato are broken apart, releasing the nutrients and other food components the contain. This process is called absorption digestion neutralization transit
digestion
The ____ system aids the digestive system by secreting hormones which regulate how much we eat and how quickly foods and nutrients travel through the digestive system cardiovascular endocrine integumentary nervous
endocrine
Protein molecules that increase the rate of specific chemical reactions without themselves being changed are enzymes hormones mucus nerves
enzymes
If the diet is deficient in one or more of the _____ amino acids, the body must break down existing proteins to provide the amino acids nonessential essential dispensable dipeptide
essential
kwashiorkor is an overall energy deficiency whereas marasmus is a protein deficiency
false
_____ cannot be digested by the human digestive enzymes Fiber glycogen maltose starch
fiber
Which of the following substances is not absorbed by the human body now? Amino acids fatty acids fiber sugars
fibers
All of the following are variables that increase the estimated energy requirement except: a child who grows taller adding 20 minutes per day of physical activity getting older adding muscle mass by weight lifting
getting older
People who are lactose intolerant: do not produce enough insulin have an allergic reaction to lactose have inadequate production of the enzyme lactase produce excess amounts of pancreatic enzymes
have inadequate production of the enzyme lactase
The set of health promotion and disease prevention objective that is revised every 10 years are the dietary allowances healthy people objective USDA food guidance system US diet requirement
healthy people objective
When there is not sufficient carbohydrate to completely metabolize fatty acids, these molecules form: amino acids carbon dioxide ketones oligosaccharides
ketones
The slow movement in food stuff through the ____ favors the growth of microflora large intestine pancreas small intestine stomach
large intestine
In general, plant proteins are used ______ efficiently as animal protein to build proteins in the human body. Less equally more
less
The _____ amino acid is the essential amino acid that is available in the lowest concentration relative to the body's need essentiality framework limiting priority
limiting
Gram per gram, _____ provide the most kcalories ' alcohol carbohydrates lipids proteins
lipids
Which of the following is the best description of nutrients provided by animals provide sources: in fiber, in saturated fat cholesterol; in readily absorbed form of iron, zinc and calcium? High; High; High Low; low; low high; high; low low; high; high
low; high; high
Intake of fish, nuts and whole grains ______ heart disease risk may increase may decrease has no impact on none of these are correct
may decrease
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the: mouth colon small intestine stomach
mouth
______ lubricates ,moisten and protects the cell within the mucosa bile enzymes lumen mucus
mucus
After a nutrition experiment is completed, a report describing the project is read, analyzed, and evaluated by two or more researchers who were not involved in the research study. Before the article is published, the examine it to ensure that the experiment was not flawed and that the results were interpreted correctly. This process is called: experimental consultation experimental design journal critique peer review
peer review
Substances found in the plant foods that are not essential nutrients buy may have health-promoting properties are amino acids dietary supplements phytochemicals zoochemicals
phytochemicals
The main function of carbohydrates in the body is to: conduct nerve impulse enhance immune cell functioning provide energy stimulate genetic productivity in cells
provide energy
The DRI that is most commonly used to determine the nutritional value of individual diets are the adequate intake estimated average requirements recommended dietary allowance tolerable upper intake levels
recommended dietary allowance
Most protein digestion occurs in the mouth pancreas small intestine stomach
small intestine
the majority of lipid digestion occurs in the: gallbladder large intestine small intestine stomach
small intestine
Of the following which is the highest quality plant protein sources? black bean rice soy wheat germ
soy
The three main functions of nutrients include all of the following EXCEPT: contributing to the structure of our body providing us with energy regulating biological processes in the body speeding up our metabolism
speeding up our metabolism
All of the following are examples of lipids except: cholesterol saturated fat sugars unsaturated fat
sugars
The mass of chewed food that is swallowed is called bicarbonate the bolus chyme pepsin
the bolus
Which of the following is not an essential fatty acid? Alpha-linoleic acid Linoleic acid Omega-6 fatty acid trans fatty acid
trans fatty acid
The lipid that make up most of the lipids in our body is: cholesterol lecithin phospholipid triglyceride
triglyceride
The primary lipid in your body is: cholesterol lecithin triglycerides chylomicrons
triglycerides
plant protein are referred to as incomplete dietary protein
true
