Nutrition chap 7-11 in order
Collagen formation and source
(pg. 161) formation requires the presence of a variety of substances, including protein, vitamin C and the minerals iron copper and zinc.
Vitamin A toxicity, requires what for absorption?
(what Ms. Kreager told me to know about this-KellyJo) -negative impact on bone health -hypercarotenemia
Water soluble vitamins have vital roles as coenzymes which are necessary for almost every cellular reaction in the body?
-B complex -Vitamin C
Deficiency of Vitamin A and Excess intake side effects?
-Deficiency (Exophthalmia) -Excess intake (Beta-carotene causes hypercarotenemia which is yellow skin.
Deficiency of Vitamin D and Excess intake side effects?
-Deficiency (Rickets) -Excess intake (prolonged intake of excessive supplements)
Deficiency of Vitamin C and Excess intake side effects?
-Deficiency (Scurvy) -Excess intake (none)
Vitamin C aids in the body in utilizing ____ and vitamin ____.
-Folate -B12
??? (check this one) What affects the absorption of a mineral?
-High protein intake - Increased Vitamin C
Source of Vitamin D
-Oily fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines, tuna, cod liver oil) -Sunlight
Result of resorption of the alveolar bone?
-a oral sign of osteoporosis is loss of calcium in the alveolar bone, contributing to tooth exfoliation. -Fluoride stimulates osteoblast proliferation and increases new mineral deposition in cancellous bone, improves bone integrity, and decreases bone resorption and bone solubility.
Vitamin A has many hormone- like roles in the body. It is also required for normal ____ and _____.
-bone growth -development
Sources of Vitamin K
-green leafy vegetables -meat -dairy
What can inhibit sources of phosphorus absorption?
-milk, meat products -Hypophosphatemia interferes w/ absorption -certain stress situations (calcium-phosphorus balance is disturbed)
Lack of Vitamin A
-night blindness && ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA in children
Inadequate calcium intake results in
-rickets -osteoporosis
How many ppm is optimal for water?
0.7 ppm of fluoride
Excessive amounts of B12 are bound to protein and stored for ___ to ___ years in the liver, or are excreted
3 to 4
mucosal cells have a very rapid turnover rate, resulting in complete turnover in ___ to ___ days.
3 to 5
One pound of body fat is equivalent to ____ kcal; so, if you wanted to lose a pound in a week, how many calories would you have to cut from you diet?
3500 3500
more than __ of dietary vitamin B12 is provided by ___ and ___.
80%; meat and animal products
When the glucose supply is reduced, the capacity of the tissues to use ketone bodies may be exceeded, leading to ketosis which is:
A condition of having ketone bodies build up in body tissues and fluids. The signs of ketosis are nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Ketosis can lead to ketoacidosis.
How does Vitamin E interfere with Vitamin K?
Absorption decreases
Difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins?
Because larger amounts can be stored in the body.
Where is magnesium stored?
Bones contain 2/3
Most abundant mineral in the body?
Calcium
The proper energy balance for stable weight is maintained when caloric intake ____ the amount of energy needed for body processes and physical activities.
EQUALS
____ products provide more riboflavin than ____products.
Enriched; grain
Hunger is the desire to eat (T/F) and appetite is the physiological drive to to eat. (T/F)
F, F
Beriberi is caused by niacin deficiency
False, it is caused by a thiamin deficiency
Complaints of flushing and intestinal disturbance are symptoms of thiamin toxicity
False, no toxicity symptoms have been observed for thiamin
Vitamin B6 is the sunshine vitamin
False, vitamin D is the sunshine vitamin
Carrots are a good source of folate
False: liver, leafy vegetables, legumes, grapefruit, and oranges are rich sources of folate
Foods rich in folate
Green leafy vegetable (Vitamin K)
Chromium toxicity has been caused by use of chromium supplements and by ______________, resulting in liver damage and lung cancer.
INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE
Night blindness and foods to make it better?
Lack of vitamin A causes night blindness Foods: milk, cheese, butter, eggs, cod liver oil, and fortified foods (cereal), yellow, orange, and green leafy vegetables.
what nutrients supply physiological energy?
MACROnutrients (carbs, proteins, fat, & alcohol)
____ deficiency is usually associated with a ___ diet because corn products contain all the essential amino acids except____.
Niacin; Maize (corn); tryptophan
Niacin deficiency can result in ____.
Pellagra
Antioxidants
Prevent cell membrane damage by free radicals that are produced by cells and tissues using free oxygen. Vitamin A, C, E, and Selenium
Active form of vitamin A toxicity?
Retinoic acid
Role of Vitamin E, to much causes what?
Role: -fat soluble antioxidant -protects cell membranes -it can be a blood thinner in large amounts. To much: -balance of natural antioxidants
Absorption of calcium, saturated most in what area of the body?
Skelton
______, (chemical term for ____), fluoride exhibits more cariostatic activity than other fluoride compounds by reducing plaque biofilm and gingivitis.
Stannous Tin
A smooth purplish red or magenta tongue may be observed in patients with vitamin B6 deficiency
True
Enriched breads and cereals are good sources of thiamin
True
Milk is a good source of riboflavin
True
The first signs of a nutritional deficiency often occur in the oral cavity
True
Thiamin requirement is determined by one's energy requirement
True
vegans may be prone to vitamin B12 deficiency
True
___ are very small amounts of several minerals that are *ESSENTIAL* for optimal growth and development
Ultratrace minterals/elements
What vitamins should be recommended for Alzheimer's disease?
Vitamin B6, B12, E & Folate and early diagnosis
Gingival hemorrhaging- what vitamin deficiency?
Vitamin C
_____ helps the body absorb and regulate calcium
Vitamin D
Anti-inflammatory roles and the periodontium
Vitamin E
Vitamin that interferes with Vitamin K?
Vitamin E
_____ is the most important fat-soluble antioxidant?
Vitamin E
_____ protects vitamins A, C, beta-carotene, and unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.
Vitamin E
Food sources of Vitamin E and C
Vitamin E: sunflower seeds, paprika, red chili powder, almonds, pine nuts, peanuts, dried apricots, cooked spinach, also found in polyunsaturated vegetable oils Vitamin C: fruits, vegetables and fortified foods
Catalyst in synthesis of blood clotting factors, primarily maintaining prothrombin levels?
Vitamin K
Boron, nickel, silicon are obtained from ______
a variety of foods & fluids
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic abnormalities that result in ________
abnormal blood glucose levels
Whether an excess food intake is in the form of protein, carbs, fat, or alcohol, most excess energy intake is stored as ____
adipose tissue
The goal of nutrition in a dental setting is to promote _________ for growth and healing.
anabolism
The best sources of selenium are
animal products, especially seafood, kidney, liver, and other meats. Whole-grain products, nuts, and mushrooms are also good sources.
Symptoms associated with Riboflavin deficiency:
ariboflavinosis, angular cheilitis, glossitis, dermatitis, and anemia
Vitamin B12 is recycled from ___ and other intestinal secretions.
bile
anabolism is using absorbed nutrients to ____ or ____ more complex compounds. An example is periods of ___ ___
build synthesize growth & pregnancy
With a ___ poor diet, glycogen stores are ___
carbohydrate depleted
Chromium is involved in __________ metabolism especially in the use of _____, as it potentiates the action of insulin, possibly assisting cells in glucose uptake and energy release.
carbohydrate & lipid(fat) glucose
What dietary source provides glycogen?
carbohydrates
____ is an enzyme needing vitamins for activation.
coenzyme
Thiamin's role is functioning as a ____ in metabolism of energy nutrients via the _____
coenzyme TCA cycle/Krebs/citric acid cycle
Thiamin functions as a ____ in metabolism of energy nutrients via the ____ to produce ____.
coenzyme; TCA cycle (Krebs or acid cycle); energy
___ is essential for the formation of red blood cells and connective tissue and is a cofactor in function & production of neurotransmitters.
copper
In people with Wilson's disease, copper concentrates in the ____ causing a characteristic brown or green ring called the _________
cornea Kayser-Fleischer ring
A deficiency in energy intake may result in a _______ in children and _______ in adults.
decreased rate of growth weight loss
the main effects of thiamin deficiency are ____.
disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism
the oral cavity is lined with nonkeratinized mucosa except for ____________.
hard palate, dorsum of tongue, and gingiva surrounding the teeth.
Although Vitamin D is classified as a
hormone
A satiety center and a hunger center are present within the _______
hypothalamus
The potential energy value of foods and energy exchanges within the body are expressed in terms of ________
kilocalorie
The best predictor of BMR is _______
lean body mass
Good sources of molybdenum are
legumes, whole-grain cereals, milk, liver, nuts, and many vegetables
All monosaccharides are converted to glucose in the ______ to provide energy supply for the cells. Glycogen, a polysaccharide, also can be broken down to glucose and released in the circulating blood as needed.
liver
____ is important for optimal bone matrix development & prevention of osteoporosis.
manganese
Wilson disease represents a special ______ in which large amounts of ____ accumulate in the liver, kidney, brain, and cornea.
metabolic disorder copper
Because manganese dust can be toxic, ____ have developed a syndrome similar to Parkinson disease called "manganese madness".
miners & welders
Metabolism encompasses the continuous process whereby living organisms and cells convert ____ into ____________
nutrients energy, body structure, and waste.
folate intake increases during:
periods of growth and development, such as adolescence, pregnancy ad lactation.
Hunger is the ________ to eat and appetite implies the ____ to eat.
physiological drive desire
Overconsumption of fat-soluble vitamins cause?
possible toxicity due to an accumulation in the body
Thiamin requirements increase for :
pregnancy & lactation, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, fever, hyperthyroidism, cardiac conditions, alcoholism and with the use of loop diuretics.
Thiamin requirements increase during______.
pregnancy and lactation, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, fever, hyperthyroidism, cardiac conditions, ALCOHOLISM, and use of loop diuretics. (alcohol was starred)
Consumption of mercury is dangerous to _________
pregnant & nursing women & young children
the requirement for vitamin B6 increases with ____.
protein intake
hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels--less than 70mg/dL) symptoms include
rapid heartbeat, hunger, shakiness, blurry vision, sweating, fatigue, dizziness, and irritability
Selenium toxicity is ___ seen in humans, but in parts of China, an endemic cardiomyopathy called _____ is associated with severe selenium deficiency.
rarely Keshan disease
most striking characteristic of pellagra is
reddish skin rash, especially on face, hands, or feet, which is always bilateral
Good sources of copper are
shellfish, oysters, crabs, liver, nuts, sesame and sunflower seeds, soy products, legumes, cocoa
Folate is necessary to prevent:
spina bifida, neural tube defects (birth defects of skull, brain and spinal cord), cleft palate and lip, low birth weight, and premature birth.
catabolism is ____ complex substances into simpler ones. An example is when ____occurs.
splitting illness or stress
What influences hunger?
stimulation of the hunger center (located in the hypothalamus)--anyone have a better answer??
Reasons to increase Vitamin C
stress, healing, infections, smokers, alcoholic, oral contraceptives (birth control)
Symptoms of pellagra have been referred to as "____".
the 4 Ds; (dermatitis, diarrhea, depression, death)
Riboflavin deficiency also may include:
the lips that may become extremely red and smooth.
Symptoms of one of the main manifestations of type II diabetes, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels), are
thirst, frequent urination, hunger, blurry vision, fatigue, frequent infections, and dry, itchy skin, or can be asymptomatic.
The oral effects of type II diabetes are
though possibly asymptomatic, orally there can be higher caries rate, candidiasis, xerostomia
Though it provides energy, when consumed in excess, alcohol is a _____.
toxin