Nutrition chap 7-11 in order

Collagen formation and source

(pg. 161) formation requires the presence of a variety of substances, including protein, vitamin C and the minerals iron copper and zinc.

Vitamin A toxicity, requires what for absorption?

(what Ms. Kreager told me to know about this-KellyJo) -negative impact on bone health -hypercarotenemia

Water soluble vitamins have vital roles as coenzymes which are necessary for almost every cellular reaction in the body?

-B complex -Vitamin C

Deficiency of Vitamin A and Excess intake side effects?

-Deficiency (Exophthalmia) -Excess intake (Beta-carotene causes hypercarotenemia which is yellow skin.

Deficiency of Vitamin D and Excess intake side effects?

-Deficiency (Rickets) -Excess intake (prolonged intake of excessive supplements)

Deficiency of Vitamin C and Excess intake side effects?

-Deficiency (Scurvy) -Excess intake (none)

Vitamin C aids in the body in utilizing ____ and vitamin ____.

-Folate -B12

??? (check this one) What affects the absorption of a mineral?

-High protein intake - Increased Vitamin C

Source of Vitamin D

-Oily fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines, tuna, cod liver oil) -Sunlight

Result of resorption of the alveolar bone?

-a oral sign of osteoporosis is loss of calcium in the alveolar bone, contributing to tooth exfoliation. -Fluoride stimulates osteoblast proliferation and increases new mineral deposition in cancellous bone, improves bone integrity, and decreases bone resorption and bone solubility.

Vitamin A has many hormone- like roles in the body. It is also required for normal ____ and _____.

-bone growth -development

Sources of Vitamin K

-green leafy vegetables -meat -dairy

What can inhibit sources of phosphorus absorption?

-milk, meat products -Hypophosphatemia interferes w/ absorption -certain stress situations (calcium-phosphorus balance is disturbed)

Lack of Vitamin A

-night blindness && ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA in children

Inadequate calcium intake results in

-rickets -osteoporosis

How many ppm is optimal for water?

0.7 ppm of fluoride

Excessive amounts of B12 are bound to protein and stored for ___ to ___ years in the liver, or are excreted

3 to 4

mucosal cells have a very rapid turnover rate, resulting in complete turnover in ___ to ___ days.

3 to 5

One pound of body fat is equivalent to ____ kcal; so, if you wanted to lose a pound in a week, how many calories would you have to cut from you diet?

3500 3500

more than __ of dietary vitamin B12 is provided by ___ and ___.

80%; meat and animal products

When the glucose supply is reduced, the capacity of the tissues to use ketone bodies may be exceeded, leading to ketosis which is:

A condition of having ketone bodies build up in body tissues and fluids. The signs of ketosis are nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Ketosis can lead to ketoacidosis.

How does Vitamin E interfere with Vitamin K?

Absorption decreases

Difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins?

Because larger amounts can be stored in the body.

Where is magnesium stored?

Bones contain 2/3

Most abundant mineral in the body?

Calcium

The proper energy balance for stable weight is maintained when caloric intake ____ the amount of energy needed for body processes and physical activities.

EQUALS

____ products provide more riboflavin than ____products.

Enriched; grain

Hunger is the desire to eat (T/F) and appetite is the physiological drive to to eat. (T/F)

F, F

Beriberi is caused by niacin deficiency

False, it is caused by a thiamin deficiency

Complaints of flushing and intestinal disturbance are symptoms of thiamin toxicity

False, no toxicity symptoms have been observed for thiamin

Vitamin B6 is the sunshine vitamin

False, vitamin D is the sunshine vitamin

Carrots are a good source of folate

False: liver, leafy vegetables, legumes, grapefruit, and oranges are rich sources of folate

Foods rich in folate

Green leafy vegetable (Vitamin K)

Chromium toxicity has been caused by use of chromium supplements and by ______________, resulting in liver damage and lung cancer.

INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE

Night blindness and foods to make it better?

Lack of vitamin A causes night blindness Foods: milk, cheese, butter, eggs, cod liver oil, and fortified foods (cereal), yellow, orange, and green leafy vegetables.

what nutrients supply physiological energy?

MACROnutrients (carbs, proteins, fat, & alcohol)

____ deficiency is usually associated with a ___ diet because corn products contain all the essential amino acids except____.

Niacin; Maize (corn); tryptophan

Niacin deficiency can result in ____.

Pellagra

Antioxidants

Prevent cell membrane damage by free radicals that are produced by cells and tissues using free oxygen. Vitamin A, C, E, and Selenium

Active form of vitamin A toxicity?

Retinoic acid

Role of Vitamin E, to much causes what?

Role: -fat soluble antioxidant -protects cell membranes -it can be a blood thinner in large amounts. To much: -balance of natural antioxidants

Absorption of calcium, saturated most in what area of the body?

Skelton

______, (chemical term for ____), fluoride exhibits more cariostatic activity than other fluoride compounds by reducing plaque biofilm and gingivitis.

Stannous Tin

A smooth purplish red or magenta tongue may be observed in patients with vitamin B6 deficiency

True

Enriched breads and cereals are good sources of thiamin

True

Milk is a good source of riboflavin

True

The first signs of a nutritional deficiency often occur in the oral cavity

True

Thiamin requirement is determined by one's energy requirement

True

vegans may be prone to vitamin B12 deficiency

True

___ are very small amounts of several minerals that are *ESSENTIAL* for optimal growth and development

Ultratrace minterals/elements

What vitamins should be recommended for Alzheimer's disease?

Vitamin B6, B12, E & Folate and early diagnosis

Gingival hemorrhaging- what vitamin deficiency?

Vitamin C

_____ helps the body absorb and regulate calcium

Vitamin D

Anti-inflammatory roles and the periodontium

Vitamin E

Vitamin that interferes with Vitamin K?

Vitamin E

_____ is the most important fat-soluble antioxidant?

Vitamin E

_____ protects vitamins A, C, beta-carotene, and unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.

Vitamin E

Food sources of Vitamin E and C

Vitamin E: sunflower seeds, paprika, red chili powder, almonds, pine nuts, peanuts, dried apricots, cooked spinach, also found in polyunsaturated vegetable oils Vitamin C: fruits, vegetables and fortified foods

Catalyst in synthesis of blood clotting factors, primarily maintaining prothrombin levels?

Vitamin K

Boron, nickel, silicon are obtained from ______

a variety of foods & fluids

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic abnormalities that result in ________

abnormal blood glucose levels

Whether an excess food intake is in the form of protein, carbs, fat, or alcohol, most excess energy intake is stored as ____

adipose tissue

The goal of nutrition in a dental setting is to promote _________ for growth and healing.

anabolism

The best sources of selenium are

animal products, especially seafood, kidney, liver, and other meats. Whole-grain products, nuts, and mushrooms are also good sources.

Symptoms associated with Riboflavin deficiency:

ariboflavinosis, angular cheilitis, glossitis, dermatitis, and anemia

Vitamin B12 is recycled from ___ and other intestinal secretions.

bile

anabolism is using absorbed nutrients to ____ or ____ more complex compounds. An example is periods of ___ ___

build synthesize growth & pregnancy

With a ___ poor diet, glycogen stores are ___

carbohydrate depleted

Chromium is involved in __________ metabolism especially in the use of _____, as it potentiates the action of insulin, possibly assisting cells in glucose uptake and energy release.

carbohydrate & lipid(fat) glucose

What dietary source provides glycogen?

carbohydrates

____ is an enzyme needing vitamins for activation.

coenzyme

Thiamin's role is functioning as a ____ in metabolism of energy nutrients via the _____

coenzyme TCA cycle/Krebs/citric acid cycle

Thiamin functions as a ____ in metabolism of energy nutrients via the ____ to produce ____.

coenzyme; TCA cycle (Krebs or acid cycle); energy

___ is essential for the formation of red blood cells and connective tissue and is a cofactor in function & production of neurotransmitters.

copper

In people with Wilson's disease, copper concentrates in the ____ causing a characteristic brown or green ring called the _________

cornea Kayser-Fleischer ring

A deficiency in energy intake may result in a _______ in children and _______ in adults.

decreased rate of growth weight loss

the main effects of thiamin deficiency are ____.

disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism

the oral cavity is lined with nonkeratinized mucosa except for ____________.

hard palate, dorsum of tongue, and gingiva surrounding the teeth.

Although Vitamin D is classified as a

hormone

A satiety center and a hunger center are present within the _______

hypothalamus

The potential energy value of foods and energy exchanges within the body are expressed in terms of ________

kilocalorie

The best predictor of BMR is _______

lean body mass

Good sources of molybdenum are

legumes, whole-grain cereals, milk, liver, nuts, and many vegetables

All monosaccharides are converted to glucose in the ______ to provide energy supply for the cells. Glycogen, a polysaccharide, also can be broken down to glucose and released in the circulating blood as needed.

liver

____ is important for optimal bone matrix development & prevention of osteoporosis.

manganese

Wilson disease represents a special ______ in which large amounts of ____ accumulate in the liver, kidney, brain, and cornea.

metabolic disorder copper

Because manganese dust can be toxic, ____ have developed a syndrome similar to Parkinson disease called "manganese madness".

miners & welders

Metabolism encompasses the continuous process whereby living organisms and cells convert ____ into ____________

nutrients energy, body structure, and waste.

folate intake increases during:

periods of growth and development, such as adolescence, pregnancy ad lactation.

Hunger is the ________ to eat and appetite implies the ____ to eat.

physiological drive desire

Overconsumption of fat-soluble vitamins cause?

possible toxicity due to an accumulation in the body

Thiamin requirements increase for :

pregnancy & lactation, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, fever, hyperthyroidism, cardiac conditions, alcoholism and with the use of loop diuretics.

Thiamin requirements increase during______.

pregnancy and lactation, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, fever, hyperthyroidism, cardiac conditions, ALCOHOLISM, and use of loop diuretics. (alcohol was starred)

Consumption of mercury is dangerous to _________

pregnant & nursing women & young children

the requirement for vitamin B6 increases with ____.

protein intake

hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels--less than 70mg/dL) symptoms include

rapid heartbeat, hunger, shakiness, blurry vision, sweating, fatigue, dizziness, and irritability

Selenium toxicity is ___ seen in humans, but in parts of China, an endemic cardiomyopathy called _____ is associated with severe selenium deficiency.

rarely Keshan disease

most striking characteristic of pellagra is

reddish skin rash, especially on face, hands, or feet, which is always bilateral

Good sources of copper are

shellfish, oysters, crabs, liver, nuts, sesame and sunflower seeds, soy products, legumes, cocoa

Folate is necessary to prevent:

spina bifida, neural tube defects (birth defects of skull, brain and spinal cord), cleft palate and lip, low birth weight, and premature birth.

catabolism is ____ complex substances into simpler ones. An example is when ____occurs.

splitting illness or stress

What influences hunger?

stimulation of the hunger center (located in the hypothalamus)--anyone have a better answer??

Reasons to increase Vitamin C

stress, healing, infections, smokers, alcoholic, oral contraceptives (birth control)

Symptoms of pellagra have been referred to as "____".

the 4 Ds; (dermatitis, diarrhea, depression, death)

Riboflavin deficiency also may include:

the lips that may become extremely red and smooth.

Symptoms of one of the main manifestations of type II diabetes, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels), are

thirst, frequent urination, hunger, blurry vision, fatigue, frequent infections, and dry, itchy skin, or can be asymptomatic.

The oral effects of type II diabetes are

though possibly asymptomatic, orally there can be higher caries rate, candidiasis, xerostomia

Though it provides energy, when consumed in excess, alcohol is a _____.

toxin