Nutrition Chapter 1

8 fluid ounces

1 cup

7 kcal

1 g alcohol

4 kcal

1 g carbohydrate

9 kcal

1 g fat

4 kcal

1 g protein

1 cup

16 tbsp

1 pint

2 cups

1 tbsp

3 tsp

1 quart

4 cups or 2 pints

1 gallon

4 quarts

RDA

A non-pregnant female who are 14 to 18 years of age is advised to 65mg of vitamin C per day. This amount meets the Vitamin C needs for almost everyone in this age and life stage group

84

A serving of food contains 10 g Carbohydrate, 2 g protein, 4 g fat. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies_______ kcal.

fat provides the most food energy.

A serving of food supplies 20 g carbohydrate, 4 g protein, 10 g fat, and 50 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food?

56-97 grams per day

Acceptable Macronutrient distribution range of fat

63-128 grams per day

Acceptable Macronutrient distribution range of protein

create environments that foster good health for everyone

According to main goal of Healthy People 2020, Americans should

Elderly Nutrition Program

Age 60 or older (no income guidelines)

fruit intake, vegetable intake, whole grain intake, fat-free or low-fat milk intake

Americans do not reach intake recommendations

added sugar intake, solid fat intake, sodium intake

Americans exceed intake recommendations

substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed.

An antioxidant is a (an)

must be supplied by the diet

An essential nutrient

Phenolics: quercetin

Antioxidant activity from fruits, vegetables, and red wine may inhibit cancer growth and reduce heart disease risk

WIC

Belle is pregnant and has two young children. She is having difficulty supporting her family on an income of $18,000/year. Recently, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure and iron deficiency. Based on this information, Belle should enroll in the _____ program.

African

Boiled mustard greens that are seasoned with bits of smoked pork

Child and Adult Care Food Program

Children enrolled in organized childcare programs and seniors in adult care programs

fruit

Compared to 40 years ago, Americans generally consume more

Fructooligosaccharides

Compound in some foods that may stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the human intestinal tract

red meat, milk, and eggs

Consumption is less now vs 1970

poultry, refined grains and cereals, added fat, added sugar, total calories, and fish

Consumption is more now vs. 1970

pattern of food choices

Diet

sugar-sweetened soft drinks

Dietitians often refer to________ as "empty-calorie" foods.

developed a nutrient deficiency disorder that was cured by the eating animal foods

For 5 years, Michael ate only plant foods. He recently developed numbness in his feet and a sore swollen tongue. A few days after he added eggs and milk to his diet, his tongue healed and the numbness in his feet stopped bothering him. Based on this information, Michael probably

deliver a baby who has breathing difficulties

Hannah is in her 5th month of pregnancy. Her diet is poor because she rarely pays attention to her food choices, and she eats a limited variety of foods that she likes. Hannah was described as "undernourished" by her physician. Based on this information, Hannah is likely to

drinking polluted water

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from

added sugars

In 2010, Americans ate more ____ than in 1970.

total calories

In 2010, Americans ate more ____ than in 1970.

older adults on fixed incomes

In the United States, food insecurity is most likely to affect

tobacco use

In the United States, the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths is

75 kg

Lena weighs 165 pounds. What is her weight in kilograms?

Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations

Low-income American Indian or non-Indian households on reservations; members of federally recognized Native American tribes

School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs

Low-income children of school-age

Africa

Many people in parts of ___________ eat locusts.

carbohydrate

Most forms of _____ are a source of energy for cells.

stop diluting the babies' formula with local well water

Most of the people living in a small South African village have access to nutritious foods. Soon after their birth, 10 infants in the village developed severe diarrhea, which resulted in dehydration. After questioning the infants' parents, local public health officials were able to determine the cause of the diarrhea. Based on the officials' findings, the parents were advised to

60% protein

Over_______________of the dry weight of a locust is______________.

Capsaicinoids: capsaicin

Pain-relieving properties found in chili peppers

may have healthful benefits

Phytochemicals

frying with seasonings

Popular ways to cook locusts include__________.

Northwestern European

Pork roast, mashed white potatoes and gravy, white bread and butter

Hispanic

Red beans cooked in a mixture of tomato sauce and chili peppers served in a corn tortilla

when a person's diet lacks the chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning

Scientists at a major university have isolated a chemical from grapes. Which of the following features is an indication that this chemical could be a vitamin?

Asian

Shrimp cooked in peanut oil, seasoned with ginger and soy sauce, and served on white rice

Italian

Sliced eggplant cooked in tomato sauce, drizzled with olive oil, and served with red wine

280-400 grams per day

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for Carbohydrate is

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance

The _____ Program enables eligible low-income participants to use a special debit card to purchase food at authorized stores.

proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

The nutrients that provide energy are

carbohydrates fats and other lipids proteins vitamins minerals water

What are the six classes of nutrients?

Water

What is the most essential nutrient?

tuberculosis

Which of the following conditions is not one of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States?

heart disease

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

peaches

Which of the following foods is a rich source of phytochemicals?

peanut butter

Which of the following foods is energy and nutrient dense?

grapes

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?

soy milk

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?

broccoli

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense?

protein

Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy?

Taking megadoses of various vitamin supplements daily

Which of the following practices is most likely to result in a vitamin toxicity disorder?

in general, megadoses of nutrients are safe to consume.

Which of the following statements is false?

Vitamin D

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not supply any energy for the human body?

sugar

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans?

poor eating habits contribute to many of the leading causes of death in the U.S.

Why learn about nutrition?

lite beer

____ is an example of an "empty-calorie" food.

Metabolism

___________ refers to chemical processes that occur in living cells.

UL

adults are advised not to exceed 1000 micrograms of folate per day due to concern that higher amounts could mask vitamin B-12 deficiency

physiological dose

amount of nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally

Commodity Distribution Program

certain low-income groups, including pregnant women, preschool-age children, and the elderly

nutrients

chemicals necessary for proper functioning

phytochemicals

compounds made by plants that are not nutrients

nutrient-dense

describes food or beverage that have more vitamins and minerals in relation to its unhealthy fat, added sugar, and/or alcohol contents

energy density

energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight

sustainable agriculture

farming methods that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment while meeting the demand for food

AI

females who are over 19 years of age are advised to have 90 micrograms of vitamin K per day. There is not sufficient research to make more definitive recommendation, but this amount appears to maintain good health.

empty calorie

food or beverage that supplies excessive amount of unhealthy solid fat, added sugars, and/or alcohol

megadose

generally defined as 10 times the recommended amount of a vitamin or mineral

kilocalorie or calorie

heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water 1 degree Celsius; measure of food energy

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program

low-income individuals and families

Women, Infants, and Children

low-income pregnant or breastfeeding women, infants, and children under 5 years of age who are at nutritional risk

vitamins and minerals

micronutrients

dietary supplements

nutrient preparations, certain hormones, and herbal products

essential nutrient

nutrient that must be supplied by food

macronutrients

nutrients needed in gram amounts daily and that provide energy; carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

moderation

obtaining adequate amounts of nutrients while balancing calorie intake with calorie expenditure

Carotenoids: beta-carotene

orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables that may reduce risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration

risk factor

personal characteristic that increases a person's chances of developing a disease

nutrition

scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses these substances

cell

smallest living functional unit in an organism

deficiency disease

state of health that occurs when a nutrient is missing from the diet

malnutrition

state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished

Alkaloids: caffeine

stimulant effect found in cocoa, coffee, and tea

chemistry

study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that can occur to it

antioxidant

substance that protects other compounds from being damaged or destroyed by certain factors

genetic modification

techniques that alter an organism's DNA

EER

the average caloric intake for a male who is 9 to 13 years of age is estimated to be 2279 kcalories per day

food insecurity

the situation in which individuals or families are concerned about running out of food or not having enough money to buy more food

metabolism

total of all chemical processes that take place in living cells

biotechnology

using living things to manufacture new products

diet

usual pattern of food choices

lifestyle

usual way of living, including dietary practices and physical activity habits