Nutrition Chapter 1
8 fluid ounces
1 cup
7 kcal
1 g alcohol
4 kcal
1 g carbohydrate
9 kcal
1 g fat
4 kcal
1 g protein
1 cup
16 tbsp
1 pint
2 cups
1 tbsp
3 tsp
1 quart
4 cups or 2 pints
1 gallon
4 quarts
RDA
A non-pregnant female who are 14 to 18 years of age is advised to 65mg of vitamin C per day. This amount meets the Vitamin C needs for almost everyone in this age and life stage group
84
A serving of food contains 10 g Carbohydrate, 2 g protein, 4 g fat. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies_______ kcal.
fat provides the most food energy.
A serving of food supplies 20 g carbohydrate, 4 g protein, 10 g fat, and 50 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food?
56-97 grams per day
Acceptable Macronutrient distribution range of fat
63-128 grams per day
Acceptable Macronutrient distribution range of protein
create environments that foster good health for everyone
According to main goal of Healthy People 2020, Americans should
Elderly Nutrition Program
Age 60 or older (no income guidelines)
fruit intake, vegetable intake, whole grain intake, fat-free or low-fat milk intake
Americans do not reach intake recommendations
added sugar intake, solid fat intake, sodium intake
Americans exceed intake recommendations
substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed.
An antioxidant is a (an)
must be supplied by the diet
An essential nutrient
Phenolics: quercetin
Antioxidant activity from fruits, vegetables, and red wine may inhibit cancer growth and reduce heart disease risk
WIC
Belle is pregnant and has two young children. She is having difficulty supporting her family on an income of $18,000/year. Recently, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure and iron deficiency. Based on this information, Belle should enroll in the _____ program.
African
Boiled mustard greens that are seasoned with bits of smoked pork
Child and Adult Care Food Program
Children enrolled in organized childcare programs and seniors in adult care programs
fruit
Compared to 40 years ago, Americans generally consume more
Fructooligosaccharides
Compound in some foods that may stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the human intestinal tract
red meat, milk, and eggs
Consumption is less now vs 1970
poultry, refined grains and cereals, added fat, added sugar, total calories, and fish
Consumption is more now vs. 1970
pattern of food choices
Diet
sugar-sweetened soft drinks
Dietitians often refer to________ as "empty-calorie" foods.
developed a nutrient deficiency disorder that was cured by the eating animal foods
For 5 years, Michael ate only plant foods. He recently developed numbness in his feet and a sore swollen tongue. A few days after he added eggs and milk to his diet, his tongue healed and the numbness in his feet stopped bothering him. Based on this information, Michael probably
deliver a baby who has breathing difficulties
Hannah is in her 5th month of pregnancy. Her diet is poor because she rarely pays attention to her food choices, and she eats a limited variety of foods that she likes. Hannah was described as "undernourished" by her physician. Based on this information, Hannah is likely to
drinking polluted water
Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from
added sugars
In 2010, Americans ate more ____ than in 1970.
total calories
In 2010, Americans ate more ____ than in 1970.
older adults on fixed incomes
In the United States, food insecurity is most likely to affect
tobacco use
In the United States, the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths is
75 kg
Lena weighs 165 pounds. What is her weight in kilograms?
Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations
Low-income American Indian or non-Indian households on reservations; members of federally recognized Native American tribes
School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs
Low-income children of school-age
Africa
Many people in parts of ___________ eat locusts.
carbohydrate
Most forms of _____ are a source of energy for cells.
stop diluting the babies' formula with local well water
Most of the people living in a small South African village have access to nutritious foods. Soon after their birth, 10 infants in the village developed severe diarrhea, which resulted in dehydration. After questioning the infants' parents, local public health officials were able to determine the cause of the diarrhea. Based on the officials' findings, the parents were advised to
60% protein
Over_______________of the dry weight of a locust is______________.
Capsaicinoids: capsaicin
Pain-relieving properties found in chili peppers
may have healthful benefits
Phytochemicals
frying with seasonings
Popular ways to cook locusts include__________.
Northwestern European
Pork roast, mashed white potatoes and gravy, white bread and butter
Hispanic
Red beans cooked in a mixture of tomato sauce and chili peppers served in a corn tortilla
when a person's diet lacks the chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning
Scientists at a major university have isolated a chemical from grapes. Which of the following features is an indication that this chemical could be a vitamin?
Asian
Shrimp cooked in peanut oil, seasoned with ginger and soy sauce, and served on white rice
Italian
Sliced eggplant cooked in tomato sauce, drizzled with olive oil, and served with red wine
280-400 grams per day
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for Carbohydrate is
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance
The _____ Program enables eligible low-income participants to use a special debit card to purchase food at authorized stores.
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
The nutrients that provide energy are
carbohydrates fats and other lipids proteins vitamins minerals water
What are the six classes of nutrients?
Water
What is the most essential nutrient?
tuberculosis
Which of the following conditions is not one of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States?
heart disease
Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?
peaches
Which of the following foods is a rich source of phytochemicals?
peanut butter
Which of the following foods is energy and nutrient dense?
grapes
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?
soy milk
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?
broccoli
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense?
protein
Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy?
Taking megadoses of various vitamin supplements daily
Which of the following practices is most likely to result in a vitamin toxicity disorder?
in general, megadoses of nutrients are safe to consume.
Which of the following statements is false?
Vitamin D
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not supply any energy for the human body?
sugar
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans?
poor eating habits contribute to many of the leading causes of death in the U.S.
Why learn about nutrition?
lite beer
____ is an example of an "empty-calorie" food.
Metabolism
___________ refers to chemical processes that occur in living cells.
UL
adults are advised not to exceed 1000 micrograms of folate per day due to concern that higher amounts could mask vitamin B-12 deficiency
physiological dose
amount of nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally
Commodity Distribution Program
certain low-income groups, including pregnant women, preschool-age children, and the elderly
nutrients
chemicals necessary for proper functioning
phytochemicals
compounds made by plants that are not nutrients
nutrient-dense
describes food or beverage that have more vitamins and minerals in relation to its unhealthy fat, added sugar, and/or alcohol contents
energy density
energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight
sustainable agriculture
farming methods that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment while meeting the demand for food
AI
females who are over 19 years of age are advised to have 90 micrograms of vitamin K per day. There is not sufficient research to make more definitive recommendation, but this amount appears to maintain good health.
empty calorie
food or beverage that supplies excessive amount of unhealthy solid fat, added sugars, and/or alcohol
megadose
generally defined as 10 times the recommended amount of a vitamin or mineral
kilocalorie or calorie
heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water 1 degree Celsius; measure of food energy
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program
low-income individuals and families
Women, Infants, and Children
low-income pregnant or breastfeeding women, infants, and children under 5 years of age who are at nutritional risk
vitamins and minerals
micronutrients
dietary supplements
nutrient preparations, certain hormones, and herbal products
essential nutrient
nutrient that must be supplied by food
macronutrients
nutrients needed in gram amounts daily and that provide energy; carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
moderation
obtaining adequate amounts of nutrients while balancing calorie intake with calorie expenditure
Carotenoids: beta-carotene
orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables that may reduce risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration
risk factor
personal characteristic that increases a person's chances of developing a disease
nutrition
scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses these substances
cell
smallest living functional unit in an organism
deficiency disease
state of health that occurs when a nutrient is missing from the diet
malnutrition
state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished
Alkaloids: caffeine
stimulant effect found in cocoa, coffee, and tea
chemistry
study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that can occur to it
antioxidant
substance that protects other compounds from being damaged or destroyed by certain factors
genetic modification
techniques that alter an organism's DNA
EER
the average caloric intake for a male who is 9 to 13 years of age is estimated to be 2279 kcalories per day
food insecurity
the situation in which individuals or families are concerned about running out of food or not having enough money to buy more food
metabolism
total of all chemical processes that take place in living cells
biotechnology
using living things to manufacture new products
diet
usual pattern of food choices
lifestyle
usual way of living, including dietary practices and physical activity habits
