Nutrition: Chapter 10 Practice Test

Which symptom is an early indicator of scurvy? a. Bleeding gums b. Rough, scaly skin c. Depression d. Impaired wound healing

A. Bleeding Gums: Bleeding gums are an early indicator of scurvy. Skin changes, depression, and impaired wound healing don't develop until vitamin C concentration fall to about a fifth of optimal levels.

What is the most common source of riboflavin for most people? This is a good source to boost riboflavin intake. a. Drink milk b. Eat bacon c. Eat ground turkey d. Eat salmon

A. Drink Milk: You can consume more milk and milk products, as they are good sources of riboflavin. These are also sources that are commonly consumed by most people.

How often does the body need B vitamins and vitamin C to be consumed? a. Every one to three days b. Once a week c. Every few weeks d. The body can synthesize these

A. Every one to three days

Which health problem results from a folate deficiency? a. The production of red blood cells falters. b. Sensitivity to insulin increases. c. Homocysteine levels decrease. d. The skin develops a rash or hives.

A. The production of red blood cells falters: In a folate deficiency, the replacement of red blood cells and gastrointestinal (GI) tract cells falters.

An article on vitamin B6 offers a list of food sources where you can naturally get vitamin B6 and even lists the number of milligrams of B6 per serving of each food listed. This is a sign of a credible source of information. a. True b. False

A. True: One of the biggest signs of a high-quality piece of nutrition content is the inclusion of food sources where that nutrient can be obtained naturally, as well as recipes that incorporate those food sources.

This vitamin is involved in the synthesis of collagen: a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin B12 c. Vitamin E d. Folate e. Niacin f. Biotin

A. Vitamin C

Which Vitamins may only be needed every few months: a. Water-Soluble Vitamins b. Fat Soluble Vitamins c. Both

B. Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Which B Vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan? a. Folate b. Niacin c. Riboflavin d. Thiamin e. Vitamin B12

B. Niacin

Which B vitamin requires inartistic factor for absorption? a. Folate b. Niacin c. Riboflavin d. Thiamin e. Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12

Which B vitamin can help prevent spina bifida and other neural tube defects? a. Folate b. Niacin c. Riboflavin d. Thiamin e. Vitamin B12

A. Folate

A severe vitamin B1212 deficiency can lead to damage of this system of the body. a. Nervous b. Skeletal c. Reproductive d. Digestive

A. Nervous

If Amelia wants to improve the absorption of iron from her diet, which food should she pair with her pork loin? a. Red peppers b. Whole wheat noodles c. A cup of milk d. A banana

A. Red Peppers: Vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron, and red peppers are a rich source of vitamin C.

The differentiating factor between the two categories of vitamins is whether they are hydrophilic or hydrophobic. This is more commonly referred to as the a. solubility. b. catalyst. c. water behavior. d. dispersion.

A. Solubility

Which statement accurately describes water-soluble vitamins? a. They are absorbed quickly into the blood. b. Their transport may require transport proteins. c. They are likely to reach toxic levels when consumed in supplements. d. They are needed in periodic does, perhaps weekly or monthly.

A. They are absorbed quickly into the blood: They travel freely without the use of transport proteins, but can possibly reach toxic levels. It is less likely compared to fat-soluble vitamins, and they are needed in frequent doses every one to three days

Even in content created by a supplement company, if it's quality, reliable, factual nutrition information, it will provide recommended food sources for that nutrient. a. True b. False

A. True: One of the biggest signs of high-quality nutrition content is the inclusion of food sources where that nutrient can be obtained naturally, as well as recipes that incorporate those food sources.

Which B vitamin deficiency symptom is Microcytic Anemia: a. Vitamin B6 b. Vitamin B12 c. Niacin d. Riboflavin

A. Vitamin B6 Deficiency: Other vitamin B6 deficiency symptoms include scaly dermatitis, depression, confusion, and, in advanced deficiency.

Which food will provide the most vitamin C per serving? a. Plain Yogurt b. Broccoli c. Pinto Beans d. Tofu

B. Broccoli: Broccoli has the most vitamin C, at almost 60 milligrams per serving; plain yogurt and pinto beans have less than 5 milligrams per serving, and tofu contains no vitamin C.

Which food is the best source of vitamin B6? a. Carrots b. Chicken breast c. Oranges d. Flour tortillas

B. Chicken Breast: Meat, fish, and poultry are rich sources of vitamin B6.

When an article presents the benefits of supplements prior to discussing signs, symptoms, and causes of deficiency, this is a sign of credible product information. a. True b. False

B. False: Credible product information will discuss the signs, symptoms, and causes of nutrient deficiency prior to selling the reader on the promises of the product.

Your friend, who is a doctor, shares an article on her social media about all the beauty benefits of a certain B vitamin supplement. It doesn't contain any of the core information that would make it credible, but you think she is credible. This is a quality source of information. a. True b. False

B. False: Even doctors make mistakes and share less than credible information on social media.

Which Vitamins travel in the lymph: a. Water-Soluble Vitamins b. Fat Soluble Vitamins c. Both

B. Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Which Vitamins are hydrophobic: a. Water-Soluble Vitamins b. Fat Soluble Vitamins c. Both

B. Fat-Soluble Vitamins: Fat-soluble vitamins are hydrophobic, which means "disliking water.". the fat-soluble vitamins usually occur together in the fats and oils of foods. On being absorbed, the fat-soluble vitamins must enter first the lymph and then the blood, and many require transport proteins

Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency in B1212 and: a. Vitamin A b. Folate c. Vitamin C d. Biotin

B. Folate

Which of these foods is an excellent source of riboflavin? a. Watermelon b. Liver c. Carrots d. Pinto beans e. Tuna, canned in water

B. Liver: Lei may want to increase his intake of liver, as it is an excellent source of riboflavin. Other good sources of riboflavin include milk products (yogurt and cheese) and whole, fortified, or enriched grain products.

Which B vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan after protein synthesis needs have been met? a. Biotin b. Niacin c. Thiamin d. Riboflavin

B. Niacin: Niacin is unique among the B vitamins because it can be made from tryptophan.

Which health condition is associated with a deficiency in vitamin B12? a. Pellagra b. Pernicious anemia c. Goiter d. Night blindness

B. Pernicious Anemia: The vitamin B12 deficiency caused by atrophic gastritis and a lack of intrinsic factor is known as pernicious anemia.

Which of these foods is an exceptional source of thiamin? a. Potatoes b. Pork c. Beef d. Tomato juice e. Eggs

B. Pork: Sources of thiamin include whole, fortified, or enriched grain products; fish; and meats. Pork products are exceptionally rich in thiamin.

Which one of the following steps can help minimize vitamin losses? a. Keep fresh fruits and vegetables at room temperature. b. Rinse fruits and vegetables before cutting, not after. c. Store fruits and vegetables uncovered. d. Avoid microwaving vegetables; boil instead.

B. Rinse fruits and vegetables before cutting, not after: To minimize vitamin losses, rinse fruits and vegetables before cutting. Also, refrigerate most fruits and vegetables, store fruits and vegetables in airtight wrappers and containers, and use a microwave oven or steam vegetables in a small amount of water.

What is the first thing to look for in any form of content, whether it's a video, photo, or article, in order to start to verify its credibility? a. Spelling and grammar as a sign of a false piece of content b. The date the content was published and the source of the information including the author

B. The date the content was published and the source of the information including the author: The very first thing to look at when verifying a piece of content is the source of the information and the author; both need to be reputable with their information freely available.

With higher alcohol consumption, which vitamin B may be deficient? a. Niacin b. Thiamin c. Biotin d. Riboflavin

B. Thiamin: People with poor eating habits and alcohol consumption may be at risk for a thiamin deficiency. Alcohol can impair thiamin absorption and enhances thiamin excretion in the urine, leading to a double risk of deficiency.

Which standard, included in the Dietary Reference Intakes, address the possibility of adverse effects resulting from high doses of nutrients? a. Recommended Daily Amount b. Tolerable Upper Intake Level c. USDA Food Patterns d. Adequate Intake

B. Tolerable Upper Intake Level: The DRIs include Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) to address the possibility of adverse effects from high doses of nutrients.

Which Vitamin depends on folate for activation? a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin B12 c. Vitamin E d. Folate e. Niacin f. Biotin

B. Vitamin B12

Which B vitamin deficiency symptom is Degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis: a. Vitamin B6 b. Vitamin B12 c. Niacin d. Riboflavin

B. Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Other vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms are macrocytic anemia, fatigue, sore tongue, loss of appetite, and constipation.

Which is a hydrophilic vitamin? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin E

B. Vitamin C: he water-soluble vitamins, including the B vitamins and vitamin C, are hydrophilic.

If you rarely eat fruits and vegetables. What might this suggest? a. You are not getting significant kcalories. b. You are not getting significant vitamin C. c. You are not getting significant riboflavin or thiamin. d. You are not getting significant vitamin B12.

B. You are not getting significant vitamin C. Lack of fruits and vegetables mean you may not be getting enough vitamin C. Significant sources of vitamin C: citrus fruits, cabbage-type vegetables, dark green vegetables, cantaloupe, strawberries, lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes, papayas, and mangoes.

When deficient in vitamin B1212, supplementing with folate will help with (Nervous, Blood Cell) signs and symptoms of deficiency, but not the nervous system. This is problematic as it can mask a vitamin-B12 deficiency.

Blood Cell: Either vitamin B12 or folate can clear up issues related to the circulatory system, such as pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is the most commonly associated issue with vitamin B12 deficiency and is characterized by large, misshapen red-blood cells. However, supplementing with folate and not B1212 can damage the nervous system, as vitamin B1212 is needed to maintain the sheath that protects neurons.

What are non-negotiable features that must be present in a nutrition content in order for it to be considered legitimate info? a. Info that proves credibility and expertise of both the outlet and author b. List of food sources where the nutrient can be obtained naturally c. All of the above

C. All of the Above In legitimate nutrition content, you will be able to find out about both the source and author, proving their credibility. You will learn about the nutrient (deficiency, food sources, and causes of increased need), prior to learning about a supplement.

In understanding how much of a vitamin a person is getting, it's important to understand not only the amount of the vitamin present in food, but also the amount that can be absorbed and used. What is another term for this? a. Metabolization b. Solubility c. Bioavailability d. Magnetism

C. Bioavailability

What is the rate and extent of a nutrient's absorption and use? a. Activity quotient b. Bioactivity c. Bioavailability d. Availability ratio

C. Bioavailability The amount available from food depends not only on the quantity provided by a portion of food but also on the vitamin's bioavailability, the amount absorbed by the body.

Which Vitamins are needed in mg or mcg: a. Water-Soluble Vitamins b. Fat Soluble Vitamins c. Both

C. Both

Which method of food production is NOT destructive to pantothenic acid? a. Canning b. Freezing c. Microwaving d. Refining

C. Microwaving: Losses of pantothenic acid during food production can be substantial because it is readily destroyed by the freezing, canning, and refining processes.

From which food group do most people get their riboflavin? a. Fruits and vegetables b. Breakfast cereals c. Milk and milk products d. Meat and other protein

C. Milk and Milk Products The greatest contribution of riboflavin comes from milk and milk products.

Which food(s) provide the greatest amounts of riboflavin? a. Green vegetables b. Potatoes and tomatoes c. Milk and milk products d. Red meat

C. Milk and Milk Products: The greatest amounts of riboflavin come from milk and milk products.

Which B vitamin deficiency symptom is Liver Damage: a. Vitamin B6 b. Vitamin B12 c. Niacin d. Riboflavin

C. Niacin Deficiency: Other Niacin deficiency symptoms are bilateral symmetrical rash on areas exposed to sunlight, Diarrhea, constipation, vomiting; inflamed, bright red tongue (glossitis); depression, apathy, fatigue, loss of memory, and headache.

What is the name of the niacin-deficiency disease? a. Anemia b. Beriberi c. Pellagra d. Scurvy

C. Pellagra: Pellagra is the disease caused by niacin deficiency, causing diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death.

According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the following are nutrition experts for whom you can depend on accurate, quality nutrition information: a. Dietetic Tech Registered, DTR b. Nutritionist c. Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, RDN and Dietetic Tech Registered, DTR

C. Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, RDN and Dietetic Tech Registered, DTR: The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends seeing a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) and/or dietetic tech registered (DTR) for nutrition information.

The B Vitamin that is also known as B12: a. Folate b. Niacin c. Riboflavin d. Thiamin e. Vitamin B12

C. Riboflavin

Pernicious anemia caused by a deficiency in which water-soluble vitamin? a. Iron b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin B12 d. Vitamin C e. Choline

C. Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 deficiency is caused by atrophic gastritis and a lack of the intrinsic factor leading to pernicious anemia.

Which statement is true of vitamin C? a. Vitamin C gains electrons easily, allowing it to perform as an antioxidant. b. Vitamin C hinders the absorption of iron. c. Vitamin C is essential in the formation of collagen. d. Vitamin C needs are decreased during times of physical and emotional stress.

C. Vitamin C is essential in the formation of collagen: Vitamin C is indeed essential in the formation of collagen. It loses electrons easily, allowing it to perform as an antioxidant. Vitamin C enhances iron absorption. More vitamin C is needed during times of physical and emotional stress.

Which Vitamins are Organic: a. Water-Soluble Vitamins b. Fat Soluble Vitamins c. Both

C: both

Which health condition is a result of prolonged thiamin deficiency? a. Scurvy b. Rickets c. Anemia d. Beriberi

D. Beriberi: Prolonged thiamin deficiency can result in the disease beriberi, which was first observed in Indonesia when polishing rice became widespread.

Which of the following essential nutrients is commonly grouped with the B vitamins, even though it is not defined as a vitamin? a. Cobalamin b. Biotin c. Pantothenic acid d. Choline

D. Choline: Although not defined as a vitamin, choline is an essential nutrient commonly grouped with the B vitamins.10.2 - The B Vitamins

For which population subgroup is the need for vitamin C increased? a. Teenagers b. Overweight Individuals c. Older People d. Cigarette Smokers

D. Cigarette Smokers: Cigarette smoking increases the need for vitamin C. Cigarette smoke contains oxidants, which greedily deplete this potent antioxidant.

This vitamin is highly recommended for women during the childbearing years to prevent neural-tube defects. a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin B12 c. Vitamin E d. Folate e. Niacin f. Biotin

D. Folate

Which health problem can result from choline toxicity? a. Accelerated growth b. Dry mouth c. An inability to sweat d. Low blood pressure

D. Low Blood Pressure: The Tolerable Upper Intake Limit (UL) for choline is based on its life-threatening effect of lowering blood pressure.

Which deficiency disease produces the symptoms known as the "four Ds"? a. Scurvy b. Anemia c. Beriberi d. Pellagra

D. Pellagra: The niacin-deficiency disease pellagra produces the symptoms of diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and eventually death, often called "the four Ds."

Which B vitamin can be destroyed by UV or fluorescent lights? a. Folate b. Niacin c. Thiamin d. Riboflavin

D. Riboflavin

Which B vitamin deficiency symptom is Cracks and redness at corners of the mouth (cheilosis): a. Vitamin B6 b. Vitamin B12 c. Niacin d. Riboflavin

D. Riboflavin Deficiency: Other symptoms of riboflavin deficiency include convulsions, sore throat, and glossitis, a condition in which the tongue becomes painful, smooth, and purplish red.

Cracks at the corners of the mouth is a symptom of what type of B-vitamin deficiency? a. Niacin b. Biotin c. Vitamin B6 d. Riboflavin e. Folate

D. Riboflavin: Symptoms of a riboflavin deficiency include sore throat; cracks and redness at the corners of the mouth, known as cheilosis; painful, smooth, purplish red tongue (glossitis); and inflammation characterized by skin lesions covered with greasy scales.

Which of the following disa eases results from a vitamin C deficiency? a. Goiter b. Anencephaly c. Anemia d. Scurvy

D. Scurvy: The vitamin C deficiency disease is scurvy.

Which one of the following would NOT be a symptom of thiamin deficiency? a. Muscle weakness b. Weight loss c. Poor short-term memory d. Sore throat e. Irritability

D. Sore Throat: Sore throat may be caused by a deficiency of riboflavin. Deficiency symptoms of thiamin include enlarged heart, cardiac failure, muscular weakness, apathy, irritability, anorexia, and weight loss.

Which biological process requires vitamin C? a. Production of thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) b. Synthesis of DNA c. Activation of folate d. Synthesis of collagen

D. Synthesis of Collagen: Vitamin C helps to form the fibrous structural protein of connective tissues known as collagen.

Which factor does NOT determine a vitamin's bioavailability? a. Whether it is synthetic or naturally occurring b. Food preparation method c. The consumer's nutrition status d. The consumer's hydration status

D. The consumer's hydration status: A vitamin's bioavailability depends on many factors, such as nutrient source, food preparation method, and nutrition status. Hydration status generally does not affect the bioavailability.

Calculate the Dietary Folate Equivalent (DFE for: 2 graham crackers = 5 micrograms of food folate, 8 micrograms of synthetic folate

DFE = 19: 5 micrograms of food folate x (1.7 x 8 micrograms of synthetic folate) = 19

Calculate the Dietary Folate Equivalent (DFE) for: 2 slices of fortified bread = 14 micrograms of food folate, 48 micrograms of synthetic folate

DFE = 96: 14 micrograms of food folate + (1.7 x 48 micrograms of synthetic folate) = 96

A deficiency in this water-soluble vitamin can lead to a condition called pellagra? a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin B12 c. Vitamin E d. Folate e. Niacin f. Biotin

E. Niacin

This is a water-soluble vitamin commonly known for helping hair and nails grow faster: a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin B12 c. Vitamin E d. Folate e. Niacin f. Biotin

F. Biotin

Hard-cooked eggs are the best natural source of folate. a. True b. False

FALSE: Significant sources of folate are fortified grains, leafy green vegetables, legumes, seeds, and liver.

Studies clearly show that vitamin C aids in the prevention and treatment of the common cold. a. True b. False

FALSE: Some studies find no relationship between vitamin C and the occurrence of the common cold. In contrast, others report modest benefits—fewer colds, fewer days, and shorter duration of severe symptoms.

True or False? If health information comes from a supplement company, it is automatically false or unreliable.

False: Credible supplement companies will hire experts in all departments to create a quality product as well as to gather information that discusses a wide range of health-related topics.

Nutrition information posted on the Internet is always accurate. a. True b. False

False: Most likely not true. Consideration should be taken for who is the author, their credentials, organization they represent, and if there are any questionable references.

(Water or Fat)-soluble vitamins are more likely to reach toxic levels in the body.

Fat: Because fat-soluble vitamins tend to remain in the body rather than being excreted, they are more likely to reach toxic levels when consumed in excess.

Which Vitamins are Hydrophilic: a. Water-Soluble Vitamins b. Fat Soluble Vitamins c. Both

A. Water-Soluble Vitamins: Water-soluble vitamins are hydrophilic, which means "loving water."

This vitamin is a fat soluble vitamin: a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin B12 c. Vitamin E d. Folate e. Niacin f. Biotin

C. Vitamin E

Which condition results from a niacin deficiency? a. Scurvy b. Osteoporosis c. Beriberi d. Pellagra

D. Pellagra: Pellagra is the niacin deficiency disease characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and eventually death.

The B Vitamin deficiency that leads to a condition known as beriberi: a. Folate b. Niacin c. Riboflavin d. Thiamin e. Vitamin B12

D. Thiamin

Compounds, such as beta-carotene, that can be converted into active vitamins are known as (Water-soluble vitamins or Precursors)

Precursors: Precursors are substances that precede others, so, with regard to vitamins, precursors are compounds that can be converted into active vitamins. Precursors are also known as provitamins.

The vitamin C deficiency disease is known as (Beriberi or Scurvy).

Scurvy: Beriberi is the deficiency disease for thiamin.

Many older adults develop vitamin B12 deficiency because they have atrophic gastritis. a. True b. False

TRUE: Many older adults develop atrophic gastritis, a condition that damages the cells of the stomach. The vitamin B12 deficiency caused by atrophic gastritis and a lack of intrinsic factor is known as pernicious anemia.

Red bell peppers provide more vitamin C per serving than do oranges. a. True b. False

TRUE: Red peppers, ½ cup raw, contains about 90 milligrams of vitamin C per serving, while a serving of an orange, one medium raw, contains about 70 milligrams of vitamin C.

The niacin-deficiency disease pellagra produces the symptoms of diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and, eventually death. a. True b. False

TRUE: The niacin deficiency disease, pellagra, is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and eventually death.

Which Vitamins travel freely in the blood: a. Water-Soluble Vitamins b. Fat Soluble Vitamins c. Both

a. Water-Soluble Vitamins: The water-soluble vitamins are found in the watery compartments of foods and move directly into the blood, where they travel freely

Rank the following foods in order of their vitamin C content, from highest (1) to lowest (4). a. 1/2 Cup Cooked Broccoli b. 1 Medium Orange c. 1/2 Cup Raw Red Bell Pepper d. 3/4 Cup Tomato Juice

1. C. 1/2 Cup Raw Red Bell Pepper: provides more than 90 milligrams of vitamin C. 2. B. 1 Medium Orange: provides 70 milligrams of vitamin C. 3. A. 1/2 Cup Cooked Broccoli: provides about 58 milligrams of vitamin C. 4. D. 3/4 Cup Tomato Juice: provides about 33 milligrams of vitamin C.