Nutrition Chapter 4

How long does it take for chyme to move through the small intestine

3-5 hours

the "energy currency" of our cells is

ATP

people have a higher risk for developing colorectal cancer if they are diagnosed with which of the following digestive diseases

Crohns and ulcerative colitis

Tiny pouches that can form in the lining of the large intestine are called

Diverticula

Large intestine

Elimination of waste products

Mouth

Major site of mechanical digestion

the process by which substances are taken up by the intestinal tract and enter the blood or lymph is called

absorption

when the gastroesophageal sphincter does not close properly, this condition is called

acid reflux

metabolic pathways that require oxygen and generate ATP are called

aerobic pathways

a collection of tissues that function in a related fashion is called

an organ

A group of organs that work together for a similar purpose is

an organ system

reactions involved in building larger substances from smaller ones are called

anabolic

an omnivore digests and absorbs nutrients from

bacteria, plants, and animals

diarrhea is most often caused by

bacterial and viral infections

one substance that aids in the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestine is

bile

the back of the tongue

bitter

the smallest functional unit in the body is a

cell

levels of organization i the body

cell, tissue, organ, organ system

types of digestion include

chemical and mechanical

the breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes would be an example of

chemical digestion

the primary section of the large intestine is called the

colon

a condition that occurs when bowel movements occur less frequently is called

constipation

Functions of the liver include:

detoxifying harmful substances, synthesizing bile, and monitoring blood nutrient content

which of the following are examples of organ systems

digestive system and endocrine system

energy is defined as the capacity to

do work

ways to reduce your risk of GERD include

don't overeat, take antacids, something else idk i clicked out of it

arrange the parts of the small intestine in the order they appear in the GI tract

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

a role of the digestive track includes

elimination of waste

Proteins that help chemical reactions occur in your body are called

enzymes

the nutrient fuel that most cells burn for energy after glucose is

fat

the nutrients we eat from foods that become biological fuels are

fat, proteins, and carbohydrates

as a result of their metabolic activity, intestinal bacteria contribute to

flatulence

A cell

has a membrane and is specialized to perform a particular function

lymph enters the cardiovascular system through a major vein (the subclavian vein) near the

heart

chronic constipation can lead to the development of

hemorrhoids and diverticula

prompt treatment for diarrhea is especially important for

infants and the eldery

identify the circulatory vessels within the villi

lacteal and capillary network

Functions such as making glucose and bile acids, storing various nutrients and detoxifying harmful substances are performed by the

liver

the ________ uses cholesterol to make bile

liver

constipation can be caused by a diet that is ___ in fiber and water

low

After food enters the stomach, the opening between the esophagus and stomach is closed by the

lower gastroesophageal sphincter

Small intestine

major site of chemical digestion and absorption

which of the following are functions of the liver

makes cholesterol, manufactures bile, and stores fat soluble vitamins

the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells is called

metabolism

the esophagus connects what 2 organs of the digestive tract

mouth and stomach

__________ is a slippery substance that protects the stomach from its acid and digestive enzymes

mucus

Stomach

muscular sac that can hold up to 4 cups of food

most of the digestive enzymes are produced by the

pancreas

Identify three organs that are an important part of the digestive system even though they do not come in direct contact with undigested food

pancreas, gallbladder, and liver

A sore that occurs in the lining of the upper GI tract is called a _______ __________

peptic ulcer

having black tarry stools is a symptom of a

peptic ulcers

the wavelike muscular contractions that propel food along the digestive tract are called

peristalsis

water soluble nutrients are transported from the GI tract to the liver by the

portal vein

live, active cultures that can help maintain the normal balance of bacteria in your colon are called

probiotics

chylomicrons are large particles containing

protein and lipid

the ring of muscular tissue at the base of the stomach is called the

pyloric sphincter

Colorectal cancer starts in the

rectum or colon

the sides of the tongue

salty and sour

Roles of the gall bladder include

secretion of bile and storage of bile

the treatment for vomiting includes

sipping water and avoiding solid food

most nutritional absorption occurs in the

small intestine

chyme is formed in the

stomach

Organs in the order they occur in the gastrointestinal tract

stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

the tip of the tongue

sweet

some kinds of intestinal bacteria may be harmful when

they enter other parts of your body and they contaminate food

cells that have similar characteristics join together into larger masses are called

tissues

the 5 primary taste sensations are sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and

umami

the unpleasant experience that prevents toxic substances from entering the small intestine is called

vomiting

what type of nutrients are absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and are transported to the liver before they enter the general circulation

water-soluble vitamins