Nutrition Chapter 4

Which of the following substances has the lowest pH?

Gastric juice

Peristalsis _____.

Helps move food/chyme through the digestive tract

Complete each statement about digestion with the appropriate term on the left. Use terms only once. Not all terms will be used.

The term gastric refers to the stomach. In the stomach, food becomes a watery mixture that is called chyme. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which the watery food mixture leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine. The stomach also produces hydrochloric acid, which is important for the digestion of protein.

A primary function of the digestive system is the _____.

breakdown of food into nutrients

A _____ transports lipids in the bloodstream.

chylomicron

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is _____.

circulation of blood throughout the body

The stomach secretes

hydrochloric acid

What organ produces bile?

liver

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ______ system.

nervous

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the _____.

small intestine

A _____ is a group of similar cells that perform similar functions.

tissue

Which of the following organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system?

tongue

Chemical digestion begins in the

mouth

The digestive system relies on many organs to digest food, absorb nutrients from food, and eliminate solid wastes. Arrange the primary organs of the digestive system in the order that they function for digestion, absorption, and elimination.

1 Mouth and salivary glands 2 Stomach 3 Small Intestine 4 Colon 5 Rectum

Complete each statement with the appropriate term on the left. Use terms only once. Not all terms will be used.

Bile is necessary for some nutrient digestion and absorption; bile is produced in the liver. Biles is stored in the gallbladder. The primary nutrient that bile helps digest is fat. The churning movements of the stomach help mix food with gastric juice. Bicarbonate, which is secreted by the. pancreas, is a base that neutralizes the acidity of chyme in the small intestine.

Which of the following conditions primary affects the large intestine?

Ulcerative colitis

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not supply any energy for the human body?

Vitamin D

A salt forms when an _____ combines with a _____.

acid; base

In 2010, Americans consumed more _____ than in 1970.

added sugars

The process of digesting food begins in the _____.

mouth

Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the _____.

stomach

Tiny, fingerlike projections of the small intestine that absorb nutrients are called _____.

villi

Chemical messengers in the body are

hormones

Involuntary muscle contractions that move swallowed material through the gastrointestinal tract are called _____.

peristalsis

The presence of _____ stimulates a reflex that facilitates the elimination of solid wastes from the body.

feces in the rectum

A lacteal is a _____.

lymph vessel within each villus

Two or more atoms that are held together by a chemical bond form a

molecule.

Linda has heard that during digestion, the stomach can have a very acidic environment. If the stomach is so acidic, why doesn't the acid damage the muscular wall of the stomach?

The stomach is lined with a layer of mucus that protects it.

Which of the following statements is true?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Which of the following practices increase the risk of peptic ulcer?

Smoking cigarettes

Which of the following substances is insoluble in water?

Sugar

Complete the sentences by dragging the correct organs or structures into the blanks. Organs or structures may be used more than once.

The tongue is involved in the taste of food and facilitates swallowing. The teeth mechanical break food into small pieces. The pancreas produces and secretes digestive enzymes. After being absorbed, many nutrients enter the hepatic portal vein and travel to the liver. The liver has many functions, including the storage of several nutrients and detoxification of many harmful substances.