nutrition exam 2(4,5,6)

Your friend states that she avoids acid foods like tomatoes and orange juice because they give her an acid stomach. how would you respond to this statement?

-no food is acidic enough to make the stomach acid stronger -the stomach is supposed to be acidic to do its job

If amino acids are over supplied

-the body removed the amine and excretes their amine (nitrogen-containing) groups -the body convert amino acid residues to glycogen or fat

For healthy adults, DRI recommended intake for protein has been set at

0.8 gram per kilogram of body weight

According to the DRI, people should obtain about ------percent of their daily energy fats

20-35

a person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics, the expert has been advised that he should begin a 2200 calories diet with 42% the energy come from carbohydrates. how many grams of carbohydrates would that be?

2200*0.42=924 231 grams 924: 4=231

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), people should obtain about _____ % of their daily calories from carbohydrate

45 to 65

water is makes up---percent of human body weight

60

the sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule are control by

DNA

Refined grain products contain predominantly what part(s) of the kernel?

Endosperm

__ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body.

Essential

What is the most likely reason that high fat diets contribute to weight gain and obesity?

Fat provides more kcals per gram than carbohydrate or protein. Fat does not provide as much satiety as carbohydrate. The conversion of dietary fat to stored fat is very efficient. Correct All of these contribute.

Which nutrient is found in plant protein foods and not in animal protein foods?

Fiber

Lipoproteins transport fat in the blood----- returns cholesterol from the blood and storage places to the liver for disposal......In contrast,----transport triglycerides and cholesterol from the liver to other tissues

HDL(cholesterol..disposal), LDL (triglycerides

Which of the following is true of colon cancer?

High fiber and whole grain intake may reduce the risk. Changes in DNA underlie the development of colonic tumors. Environmental carcinogens are thought to cause many cancers. Correct All of these statements are true.

a class of lipoprotein ------ delivers triglycerides and cholesterol from the liver to the body tissues. In contrast, another of lipoprotein ------,delivers used up cholesterol from the tissues and storage places back the liver for disposal

LDL; HDL

Which of the following organs is able to manufacture cholesterol?

Liver.

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

Low-density lipoproteins

Which of the following is an example of tropical oil?

Palm kernel oil

Which organ produces the lipase enzyme that accomplishes the bulk of lipid digestion?

Pancreas

to prevent both muscles cramps and hyponatremia, endurance athletes who compete and sweat heavily for four or more hours need to

Replace sodium during the event

Which of the following statements about Type 1 diabetes is correct?

The immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

__ is a phospholipid that is a major component of cell membranes. a. lecithin b. cholesterol c. triglyceride d. linolenic acid

a. lecithin

Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from:

cholesterol.

Saturated fatty acids

contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to carbon and are generally solid in the room temperture

aspartame is an----, having two amino acids, it provide energy, however, so little is needed that the calonic value is negligble

dipeptide,protein, and artificial sweatener

A diet high in dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of developing

diverticular disease

which pf following is a protein catalyst which acts quickly on other substances to change them chemically

enzyme

Bottled water must meet higher for purity and santation than US tap water

false

Consuming protein and amino acid supplements will help athletes build muscle without exercise.

false

Linoleic and linolenic acids are not essential fatty acids because they are produced by the body , and therefore do not need to be consumed in foods to maintain good health

false

The thermic effect of food plays a major role in energy expenditure

false

some food so high in acid they are capable of making the stomach add even stronger.

false

there is such thing as a tripeptide

false

complex carbohydrates include

fiber, glycogen , and starch

Soluble fiber is described as "viscous" because it:

forms gels

the building blocks of carbohydrates are the monosaccharides these include

fructose, glucose, and galactose

which of following are the monosaccharides

fructose, glucose, and galactose

Fructose is found mostly in:

fruits and vegetables.

If the shape of a protein is altered due to a genetic mutation, the _______________ of the protein may be affected

functionality

which of the following is the most used monosaccharides inside the body

glucose

Plants store sucrose as starch because:

glucose is soluble in water and The glucose would be washed away by rain.

Lactose is a disaccharide made up of a molecule of __________ attached to a molecule of __

glucose; galactose

Carbohydrate loading, a training technique used by some endurance athletes, can help to increase _____________ stores.

glycogen

Which of the following blood lipid levels is not desirable?

high LDL level

High blood concentrations of -------decrease the risk for cardiovascular diseases

high density lipoprotein

which diet has been shown to increase an athlete's endurance?

high- carbohydrate diet

Trans-fatty acids arise when unsaturated fats are

hydrogenated

A point of "unsaturated " in a fatty acid is place where ----- are missing

hydrogens

when blood glucose rise after a meal , which of the following organs is the first to respond

pancreas

The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by:

pancreatic hormones.

A(n) ____________ bond links one amino acid to the next

peptide

Generally speaking vegetables( not including olive and canola) and fish oils are rich in which of these

polyunsaturated fats.

A complete dietary protein:

provides essential amino acids in the proportion needed to support protein synthesis has a low biological value

all the following are roles of water except

providing a good source of energy

Which of these foods is highest in omega-3 fatty acids?

salmon

Which nutrient(s) found in animal protein foods is not found in plant protein foods?

saturated fat

Chylomicrons, a class of lipoproteins, are produced in the:

small intestinal cells

in what part of the gastrointestinal tract will bile prefer its function

small intestine

----maintain the volume of fluid outside cells(extracellular) while---inside the cell

sodium: potassium

Cholesterol is an example of a(n)

sterol.

protein digested in an adult begin in the

stomach

protein digestion begins

stomach

Disaccharides include:

sucrose, maltose, and lactose

when fructose and glucose are bond together they form

table sugar

After chewing a piece of bread for while , you begin to experience a slightly sweat taste. This taste result from

the breaking down of starch into a more simple sugar, maltose(the liberation of maltose from starch)

nutrition and health expert recommend that we include adequate fiber in our diet because of its properties during digestion. what is an example of these properties?

the insoluble fiber that cannot be broken down and aids in easing elimination in the colon

which of the following statements about basal metabolic rate(BMR) is correct?

the more thyroxine produce, the higher the BMR

why is milk as a first aid remedy for someone has swallowed a heavy metal poison

the poison acts on the protein in the milk rather than on the protein of the gastrointestinal tract

chylomicrons, as class of lipoprotein are produced in

the small intestinal cells

About 95% of the lipids in foods and in the human body are:

triglycerides

the main form of lipid found in foods we eat is

triglycerides

Under certain circumstances, protein can be converted to glucose and so serve the energy needs of the brain.

true

Under certain circumstances, protein can be converted to glucose so serve the energy needs of the brain

true

complementary proteins are 2 or more proteins that are combined so that the essential amino acids that are missing from one are provided by other

true

good vs bad cholesterol does not exit in the diet. Our body will determine what it will do with cholesterol

true

protein shape determines protein funtion

true

sickle-cell disease is an example on inherited mistake in the amino acid sequence of a protein

true

starvation will cause wasting of lean tissue as well as loss of fat

true

the genetic coding expression that determines our DNA messaging for cells is available in all cells but is idle in some cells and active in others

true

An omega-6 fatty acid is an example of a(n):

unsaturated fatty acid.

Protein complementation is most important for people

vegan vegetarians

saturated fat refer to

whether or not a fatty acid chain is holding all of the hydrogen atoms it can hold

Studies suggest that the incidence of colon cancer may be lowered with high fiber diets. How might this be explained?

All of these statements are true. Answers: Fiber decreases contact between mucosal cells and colonic contents. Fiber decreases transit time. Fiber containing foods are usually high in phytochemicals and antioxidant vitamins

The basic monomers which make up proteins are

Amino acids

the more protein you eat the higher your intake of

B12

Which of the following foods are the best sources of complex carbohydrates?

Cereals and grains

Dietary cholesterol is found only in animal products.

True

LDL delivers triglycerides and cholesterol from the liver to the body's tissues.

True

The bran of a whole grain is a concentrated source of dietary fiber.

True

the nervous system cannot use fat as fuel

True

Which of the following types of diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease?

Type 1

Public water

Water from a municipal or how do you water system that has been treated and disinfected

Purified water

Water has been treated by distillation or order physical or chemical processes that remove dissolved solids。

Natural water

Water obtained from a spring or well that is certified to be safe and Sanitary. The mineral may not be changed

Spring water

Water originating from an underground spring or well , It may be bubbly carbonated

Well water

What are Ron from groundwater by tapping into aquifer

Which of the following individuals is in negative nitrogen balance?

a burn victim

only small amount of bile will be excreted--------diet, causing much of the cholesterol in bile to absorbed into the blood

a lower fiber

High levels of HDL in the blood are associated with:

a reduced risk of heart disease.

when not used to build protein or make other nitrogen-containing compounds, amino acids are said to be "wasted". To prevent the wasting of dietary protein, and permit the synthesis of needed body protein, the following conditions must be met

a/ dietary protein must be of adequate quality b/ Dietary protein must supply all essential amino acids in the proper amounts c/the diet must supply enough calories from carbohydrate and fat

an athletic consumes large amounts of meat in an effort to build extra muscle tissue, this practice does not

a/exercise not excess protein, generate cellular messages to stimulate the build up muscle fibers b/the body converts excess amino acids residues to fuel or store them from fat

when too much hydrogen is present in blood the pH level falls below 6.8 too quickly causing a life threatening condition call

acidosis

An injury to an artery wall leading to inflammation could be caused by:

all of these choices are correct.: high blood glucose. infectious microorganisms. free radicals formed during cigarette smoking

After protein is digested ------enter(s) the bloodstream and is (are ) carried to the

amino acids,liver

a substance which has an attractionfor both fat and water is called

an emulsifier

cholesterol is

an important part of human cell membranes and necessary to make hormones

which of following provides amino acids which are best absorbed by the body

animal protein

Treatment of diverticulitis usually includes:

antibiotics and a temporary decrease in fiber intake.

complex carbohydrates

are long chain of sugar units arranged starch fiber

the glycemic index is a raising scale used an indicator of how high and fast your blood sugar.Low glycemic ....would be

beans

sterols play role as part of

bile and vitamin D

which of following is not a function of fat in human body?

carries the water-solublwe nutrients

complex of carbohydrates are:

chains of sugar unit arranged to form starch, chains of sugar units arranged to form fiber

Of the following foods, ___________ is the best dietary source of resistant starch.

chilled, cooked potatoes

which of the following people would not increased water needs compared to the average adult a/kathie, who is experiencing diarrhea from the food born- illness b/Kam, a breastfeeding mother c/Joe, a fighting attendant d/David, who works up for 11 hours a day behind the desk

david , who works up for 11 hours behind the desk

One possible adverse effect of excessive fiber consumption is:

decreased absorption of calcium and iron.

Heating a protein causes:

denaturation.

Vegetarians have a lower risk of

diabetes. cardiovascular disease. high blood pressure. all of these are correct

person who consume large quantities of soy foods increase their risk for developing ------------deficency

iron

When energy is ingested in excess of needs, the excess:

is converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue.

The AMDR for fat intake:

is highest for 1-3 year olds. increases over the life cycle.

water balance is governed by the

kidneys and brain

which organ is responsible for the manufacturing of cholesterol in the body

liver

which organ is responsible for the manufacturing of cholesterol in the body?

liver

Glycogen is stored in the cells of the

liver and muscle

in the -----, pepsin and ----- break protein into smaller polypeptide

liver, pepsinogen

all of following diets may lead to increased risk of atherosclerosis except

low in trans fat

Protein from immune system molecule that fight ...of a cell that kills invading microoganism white blood cell such as

lymohocytes

which of the following provides almost no carbohydrate to the diet?

meat, poultry, fish ,eggs

which of following animal -derived foods contains significant amount of carbohydrates

milk

digestible carbohydrates are absorbed as______through the small intestinal wall and are delivered to the liver, where they are concert to_____

monosaccharides ; glucose

Which of the following foods has the greatest cholesterol-lowering effect?

oat bran

When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the:

pancreas