Nutrition Exam 3

Which of the following is an example of a resistance training activity? a. Yoga b. Swimming c. Power walking d. Lifting free weights e. Ballistic stretching

d. Lifting free weights

What is muscle atrophy? a. Loss of muscle size and strength b. Muscle cramps arising from insufficient warm-up c. Muscle spasms resulting from too-rapid progressive overloading d. Alterations in heart muscle contractions when first initiating a fitness program e. Muscle changes associated with the use of anabolic steroids

a. Loss of muscle size and strength

Which of the following is a feature of vitamins? a. Many serve in the role of enzyme inhibitors. b. Structurally, many are found linked together. c. Several may be oxidized to yield 4 kcalories per gram. d. The quantities present in foods are measured in micrograms or milligrams. e. Some are both water- and fat-soluble.

d. The quantities present in foods are measured in

The main function of vitamin D is to promote a. secretion of calcitonin. b. synthesis of 7-dehydrocholesterol. c. synthesis of carotenoids and controls absorption of fat- soluble vitamins. d. calcium and phosphorus absorption, and calcium mobilization from bone. e. conversion of calcium and phosphorous to more readily absorbable compounds.

d. calcium and phosphorus absorption, and calcium mobilization from bone.

Approximately what percentage of the body's vitamin A stores are found in the liver? a. 20 b. 50 c. 70 d. 80 e. 90

e. 90

What is the primary excretory route for the water-soluble vitamins? a. Bile b. Kidney c. Intestine d. Perspiration e. Feces

b. Kidney

What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin in food? a. The total amount available from plant and animal food b. The amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body c. The amount that escapes destruction from food processing d. The number of different chemical forms of the same vitamin e. The number of kcal that can be produced from the vitamin

b. The amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body

What is the body's most indispensable nutrient? a. Fat b. Water c. Protein d. Glucose e. Sodium

b. Water

Which of the following contributes most to the weight of the human body? a. Iron b. Water c. Protein d. Calcium e. Fat

b. Water

A measure of the rate at which a nutrient is absorbed and used by the body is termed a. net utilization. b. bioavailability. c. biological value. d. utilization efficiency. e. biofunctionality.

b. bioavailability.

Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of a. niacin. b. folate. c. vitamin C. d. vitamin B12. e. thiamin.

b. folate

Abnormally low blood sodium concentration is known specifically as a. hypertension. b. hyponatremia. c. hyperkalemia. d. water intoxication. e. hypodiuresis.

b. hyponatremia

As little as ____ minutes of moderate-intensity activity per day can add years to an individual's life. a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 30 e. 45

c. 15

In a weight reduction regimen, the most realistic time frame for losing 5-10% of initial body weight is a. 6 weeks. b. 3 months. c. 6 months. d. 12 months

c. 6 months

Kirima is a Native Eskimo who lives in one of the coldest regions in the world. What type of adipose tissue is most effective at helping her to maintain warm body temperatures during the coldest parts of the year? a. Black b. White c. Brown d. Yellow e. Red

c. Brown

What is the major carrier of the fat-soluble vitamins from the intestinal epithelial cell to the circulation? a. Albumin b. Cholesterol c. Chylomicrons d. Lipid-soluble binding proteins e. Osteocalcin

c. Chylomicrons

What is the chief reason that health-care professionals advise people to engage only in low-to-moderate intensity activities for prolonged duration rather than more intense, shorter routines? a. The cost is lower. b. Boredom is reduced. c. Compliance is better while injury risk is minimized. d. Monitoring time is diminished. e. The overall results are more dramatic.

c. Compliance is better while injury risk is minimized.

What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids? a. Liver b. Heart c. Kidneys d. Skeletal muscle e. Pancreas

c. Kidneys

Milk and milk products provide much of the ____ in people's diets. a. Thiamin b. Vitamin A c. Riboflavin d. Vitamin B12 e. Vitamin C

c. Riboflavin

What is the principal reason that the FDA has banned the sale of products containing ephedrine? a. The costs are prohibitive. b. The products were found to be ineffective for weight loss. c. The products were implicated in several cases of heart attacks and seizures. d. The products were found to contain contaminants that were believed to be responsible for inducing liver failure. e. They were contaminated with substances that induced a Parkinson-like syndrome.

c. The products were implicated in several cases of heart attacks and seizures

Which of the following nutrients enhances iron absorption from the intestinal tract? a. Biotin b. Calcium c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin C e. Vitamin A

c. Vitamin D

Goiter is caused primarily by a deficiency of a. iron. b. zinc. c. iodine. d. selenium. e. manganese.

c. iodine.

For maximum benefits, cardiorespiratory endurance episodes should be sustained for at least a. 20 minutes. b. 40 minutes. c. 1 hour. d. 1 1/2 hours. e. 2 hours.

a. 20 minutes.

Which of the following conditions is known to lead to copper deficiency? a. Excess zinc b. Excess protein c. Insufficient iodine d. Insufficient calcium e. Cretinism

a. Excess zinc

Which of the following compounds provides a major storage reservoir for iron? a. Ferritin b. Myoglobin c. Transferrin d. Hemoglobin e. Metallothionein

a. Ferritin

When a person loses fluid by sweating or bleeding, what minerals are lost in greatest quantity? a. Sodium and chloride b. Bicarbonate and sulfate c. Calcium and magnesium d. Potassium and phosphate e. Phosphate and potassium

a. Sodium and chloride

What is the usual fate of muscle glycogen during exercise? a. Utilized as a fuel within the muscle cells only b. Released into the bloodstream to provide fuel for brain cells c. Released into the bloodstream to replenish liver glycogen as needed d. Utilized to support lung and heart function under conditions of intense physical performance e. Excreted through sweat

a. Utilized as a fuel within the muscle cells only

What is prothrombin? a. A storage protein for vitamin K b. A transport protein for vitamin E c. A protein needed for bone formation d. A protein needed for blood clot formation e. A protein that decreases the "stickiness" of red blood cells

d. A protein needed for blood clot formation

Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body? a. Tryptophan b. Chlorophyll c. Xanthophyll d. Beta-carotene e. Phylloquinone

d. Beta-carotene

Which of the following is a feature of gastric surgery for the treatment of clinically severe obesity? a. It is almost never followed by weight regain. b. It is always an invasive medical procedure that results in malabsorption. c. It is less effective than traditional liposuction. d. It diminishes the amount of food that can be eaten without GI distress.

d. It diminishes the amount of food that can be eaten without GI distress