Nutrition exam 4
Who should be concerned about dehydration?
-The child who is ill with fever or diarrhea -The athlete participating in a vigorous sport -The traveler on a long airplane flight -The elderly man hospitalized for a broken hip
typical daily urine output in a healthy individual is within the range of
1-2 liters
One teaspoon of salt contains about ________ of sodium.
2300 mg
of the following, who is. most likely to benefit from a vitamin and mineral supplement?
26-year old female who is a vegan and smoker
Magnesium deficiency is most often caused by
GI disorders that cause prolonged diarrhea or vomiting
water intoxication is associated with
Headache and blurred vision, muscle cramps and convulsions, and hyponatremia
Fluoride is typically provided by sources such as
Toothpaste, fluoride treatments by the dentist, drinking water
A patient presents with excessive bruising. After finding out that patient dislikes vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables, you start to consider a vitamin deficiency is the cause of bruising. Which of the following vitamins is the patient most likely deficient in?
Vitamin A
A relative complains of not being able to see very well at night when driving. She has also had dry skin and several colds over the last year. Which of the following vitamins is your relative most likely deficient in?
Vitamin A
a strict vegan diet may lack
Vitamin B-12
Thiamin should typically be given to an alcoholic patient who has
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
factors that can contribute to an increased risk of high blood pressure include
advanced age, African american race, BMI over 30, type 2 diabetes
Consumption of ______ inhibits the action of antidiuretic hormone causing increased urinary output.
alcoholic beverages
Which meal contains the highest amount of vitamin C?
baked fish with lemon, broccoli cole slaw, and strawberry
Of the following, the best source of provitamin A is
baked sweet potato
The mineral found in the body in the most abundance is
calcium
which of the foods listen below has the lowest niacin bioavailability?
corn
In the average US diet, a quarter of the riboflavin comes from one food group the
dairy group
goos food sources of phosphorus include
dairy products and leafy green vegetables
As dehydration progresses and blood volume decreases, blood pressure will ______ and heart rate will _______.
decrease; increase
the amount of selenium in foods most commonly
depends on the amount of selenium in the soil where crops are grown
factors such as heat, iron, copper, and oxygen
destroy vitamin C in foods
good sources of solate include
enriched cereals and grains, leafy vegetables, oranges, dried beans
Vitamin D is sometimes called the sunshine vitamin because
exposure to sunlight converts a precursor form to vitamin D
thirst is a reliable signal to prevent dehydration in older adults
false
iron deficiency anemia often causes symptoms of
fatigue
megaloblastic anemia develops as a result of deficiencies of _______ and ________
folate; vitamin B-12
Vitamin B-12 is supplied mostly in
foods of animal origin
the most dependable are abundant source of iodide in the american diet is
fortified salt
At intaked of supplemental vitamin C greater than 2 g/day, adverse effects, including
gastrointestinal bloating and diarrhea
a deficiency of dietary iodine is characterized by
goiter
The most nutrient-dense food sources of vitamin K are
green leafy vegetables
the organs that are most likely to be damaged because of hypertension are the
heart, brain, kidney, and eye
Which compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid?
intracellular compartment
For vitamin B-12 to be absorbed, it must be attached to
intrinsic factor
excess intake of vitamin D
is readily excreted
the 250mg of calcium found in a cup of spinach
is the only source of calcium for a vegan
which of the following is associated with selenium deficiency
keshan disease
the richest sources of iron in the diet are
meats and seafood
Rich sources of choline are
meats, eggs, and dairy products
in iron deficiency anemia, the red blood cells are usually classified as
microcytic and hypochromic
Which population group is considered at low risk for iron-deficieny anemia
middle-aged businessmen
the most nutrient-dense food source of calcium with high bioavailability is
milk and dairy products
ingestion of vitamin C during meals can mode
nonheme iron
the richest sources of copper are generally
nuts and dark chocolate
To protect riboflavin from destruction by sunlight, milk and milk products are packaged in
paper and opaque plastic cartons
which of the following groups would be most at risk for potassium deficiency
patients taking diuretics
niacin is necessary in the diet to prevent the disease called
pellagra
The first symptom of scurvy is
pinpoint hemorrhages around hair follicles
The richest dietary sources of magnesium are
plant products, e.g., green vegetables, beans, whole grains.
which of the following is a symptom if zinc deficiency
poor wound healing
The best food source of thiamin in the average diet are
pork products, whole or enriched grains and cereals, and legumes
Important contributors to niacin intake in the American diet are
poultry, meat, and fish
of the following population groups, those at highest risk of vitamin E deficiency are
premature infants
most sodium consumed is from
processed foods and those purchased at restaurants
excess amounts of most water-soluble vitamins are
readily excreted
The most nutrient-dense sources of vitamin E are
refined grains and cereal products
pernicious anemia is treated most often by
regular intramuscular injection of vitamin B-12
As calcitriol, vitamin D functions in calcium and bone metabolism by
regulating calcium and phosphorus absorption through the intestinal wall
Thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin work together in important biochemical pathways that
release energy from carbohydrate, fat, and protein
which of the following foods is a good source of non-heme iron
spinach
excess amounts of most fat-soluable vitamins are
stored in the liver or adipose tissue
Iron plays a role in all of the following functions EXCEPT
synthesis of thyroid hormones
most of our dietary chloride comes from
table salt
which of the following fluid is classified as extracellular fluid
tears, gastrointestinal fluid, blood plasma, lymph
A major factor contributing to the decline in iron deficiency anemia among poor preschool children in the US is
the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) that distributes iron-fortified formulas and cereals
nutritionally, the difference between brown and white rice is
the presences of bran and germ layers in the brown rice, which have most of the nutrients
Ferritin is a key iron-binding protein in the intestinal mucosa that prevents it from entering the bloodstream.
true
Too much dietary sodium, rather than too little dietary sodium, is a major nutritional problem today.
true
supplemental vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folic acid can reduce blood levels of homocysteine, but have not been definitively proven to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease
true
the main cause of high blood potassium and potassium toxicity is kidney failure
true
which may increase cancer risk?
viruses, radiation, saturated fat
Nutrients most likely to cause toxicity if consumed in excessive amounts include
vitamin A and vitamin D
Supplements of the water-soluble vitamins ______ and _______ are most likely to cause toxicity symptoms.
vitamin B-6; vitamin C
A patient presents with severe fatigue. the patient appears pale and he complains of not being able to catch his breath when going up a flight of stairs. the patient also admits to being a smoker. which of the following vitamin is the patient most likely deficient in?
vitamin E
Individuals taking daily aspirin or anticoagulation medications should avoid excess intakes of
vitamin E
the body's temperature regulation mechanism depends on
water within the body absorbing heat energy, and on the evaporation of perspiration removing heat energy
Individuals at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency include all of the following EXCEPT
young adults who eat high amounts of fatty fish and fish oils