Nutrition exam 4

Who should be concerned about dehydration?

-The child who is ill with fever or diarrhea -The athlete participating in a vigorous sport -The traveler on a long airplane flight -The elderly man hospitalized for a broken hip

typical daily urine output in a healthy individual is within the range of

1-2 liters

One teaspoon of salt contains about ________ of sodium.

2300 mg

of the following, who is. most likely to benefit from a vitamin and mineral supplement?

26-year old female who is a vegan and smoker

Magnesium deficiency is most often caused by

GI disorders that cause prolonged diarrhea or vomiting

water intoxication is associated with

Headache and blurred vision, muscle cramps and convulsions, and hyponatremia

Fluoride is typically provided by sources such as

Toothpaste, fluoride treatments by the dentist, drinking water

A patient presents with excessive bruising. After finding out that patient dislikes vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables, you start to consider a vitamin deficiency is the cause of bruising. Which of the following vitamins is the patient most likely deficient in?

Vitamin A

A relative complains of not being able to see very well at night when driving. She has also had dry skin and several colds over the last year. Which of the following vitamins is your relative most likely deficient in?

Vitamin A

a strict vegan diet may lack

Vitamin B-12

Thiamin should typically be given to an alcoholic patient who has

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

factors that can contribute to an increased risk of high blood pressure include

advanced age, African american race, BMI over 30, type 2 diabetes

Consumption of ______ inhibits the action of antidiuretic hormone causing increased urinary output.

alcoholic beverages

Which meal contains the highest amount of vitamin C?

baked fish with lemon, broccoli cole slaw, and strawberry

Of the following, the best source of provitamin A is

baked sweet potato

The mineral found in the body in the most abundance is

calcium

which of the foods listen below has the lowest niacin bioavailability?

corn

In the average US diet, a quarter of the riboflavin comes from one food group the

dairy group

goos food sources of phosphorus include

dairy products and leafy green vegetables

As dehydration progresses and blood volume decreases, blood pressure will ______ and heart rate will _______.

decrease; increase

the amount of selenium in foods most commonly

depends on the amount of selenium in the soil where crops are grown

factors such as heat, iron, copper, and oxygen

destroy vitamin C in foods

good sources of solate include

enriched cereals and grains, leafy vegetables, oranges, dried beans

Vitamin D is sometimes called the sunshine vitamin because

exposure to sunlight converts a precursor form to vitamin D

thirst is a reliable signal to prevent dehydration in older adults

false

iron deficiency anemia often causes symptoms of

fatigue

megaloblastic anemia develops as a result of deficiencies of _______ and ________

folate; vitamin B-12

Vitamin B-12 is supplied mostly in

foods of animal origin

the most dependable are abundant source of iodide in the american diet is

fortified salt

At intaked of supplemental vitamin C greater than 2 g/day, adverse effects, including

gastrointestinal bloating and diarrhea

a deficiency of dietary iodine is characterized by

goiter

The most nutrient-dense food sources of vitamin K are

green leafy vegetables

the organs that are most likely to be damaged because of hypertension are the

heart, brain, kidney, and eye

Which compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid?

intracellular compartment

For vitamin B-12 to be absorbed, it must be attached to

intrinsic factor

excess intake of vitamin D

is readily excreted

the 250mg of calcium found in a cup of spinach

is the only source of calcium for a vegan

which of the following is associated with selenium deficiency

keshan disease

the richest sources of iron in the diet are

meats and seafood

Rich sources of choline are

meats, eggs, and dairy products

in iron deficiency anemia, the red blood cells are usually classified as

microcytic and hypochromic

Which population group is considered at low risk for iron-deficieny anemia

middle-aged businessmen

the most nutrient-dense food source of calcium with high bioavailability is

milk and dairy products

ingestion of vitamin C during meals can mode

nonheme iron

the richest sources of copper are generally

nuts and dark chocolate

To protect riboflavin from destruction by sunlight, milk and milk products are packaged in

paper and opaque plastic cartons

which of the following groups would be most at risk for potassium deficiency

patients taking diuretics

niacin is necessary in the diet to prevent the disease called

pellagra

The first symptom of scurvy is

pinpoint hemorrhages around hair follicles

The richest dietary sources of magnesium are

plant products, e.g., green vegetables, beans, whole grains.

which of the following is a symptom if zinc deficiency

poor wound healing

The best food source of thiamin in the average diet are

pork products, whole or enriched grains and cereals, and legumes

Important contributors to niacin intake in the American diet are

poultry, meat, and fish

of the following population groups, those at highest risk of vitamin E deficiency are

premature infants

most sodium consumed is from

processed foods and those purchased at restaurants

excess amounts of most water-soluble vitamins are

readily excreted

The most nutrient-dense sources of vitamin E are

refined grains and cereal products

pernicious anemia is treated most often by

regular intramuscular injection of vitamin B-12

As calcitriol, vitamin D functions in calcium and bone metabolism by

regulating calcium and phosphorus absorption through the intestinal wall

Thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin work together in important biochemical pathways that

release energy from carbohydrate, fat, and protein

which of the following foods is a good source of non-heme iron

spinach

excess amounts of most fat-soluable vitamins are

stored in the liver or adipose tissue

Iron plays a role in all of the following functions EXCEPT

synthesis of thyroid hormones

most of our dietary chloride comes from

table salt

which of the following fluid is classified as extracellular fluid

tears, gastrointestinal fluid, blood plasma, lymph

A major factor contributing to the decline in iron deficiency anemia among poor preschool children in the US is

the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) that distributes iron-fortified formulas and cereals

nutritionally, the difference between brown and white rice is

the presences of bran and germ layers in the brown rice, which have most of the nutrients

Ferritin is a key iron-binding protein in the intestinal mucosa that prevents it from entering the bloodstream.

true

Too much dietary sodium, rather than too little dietary sodium, is a major nutritional problem today.

true

supplemental vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folic acid can reduce blood levels of homocysteine, but have not been definitively proven to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease

true

the main cause of high blood potassium and potassium toxicity is kidney failure

true

which may increase cancer risk?

viruses, radiation, saturated fat

Nutrients most likely to cause toxicity if consumed in excessive amounts include

vitamin A and vitamin D

Supplements of the water-soluble vitamins ______ and _______ are most likely to cause toxicity symptoms.

vitamin B-6; vitamin C

A patient presents with severe fatigue. the patient appears pale and he complains of not being able to catch his breath when going up a flight of stairs. the patient also admits to being a smoker. which of the following vitamin is the patient most likely deficient in?

vitamin E

Individuals taking daily aspirin or anticoagulation medications should avoid excess intakes of

vitamin E

the body's temperature regulation mechanism depends on

water within the body absorbing heat energy, and on the evaporation of perspiration removing heat energy

Individuals at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency include all of the following EXCEPT

young adults who eat high amounts of fatty fish and fish oils